Monoclonal antibodies to intermediate filament proteins. Use in diagnostic surgical pathology.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
A M Vogel
Publications and source records attributed to A M Vogel.
Anti-intermediate filament monoclonal antibodies: tissue-specific tools in tumor diagnosis.
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Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Rhabdoid tumors of the kidney contain mesenchymal specific and epithelial specific intermediate filament proteins.
The intermediate filament proteins of rhabdoid tumors of the kidney were investigated with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to different intermediate filament proteins. Rhabdoid tumor cells are decorated by an antivimentin antibody and by an antibody made against a 54-kilodalton (kd) cytokeratin from human hepatoma cells. The rhabdoid tumor cells fail to react with an antibody generated against keratin from stratum corneum or with an anti-200-kd neurofilament protein antibody. Cytoskeleton preparations of rhabdoid tumor cells grown in vitro demonstrate the presence of vimentin (58 kd) and the 54-kd cytokeratin. Thus, these cells contain two different intermediate filament proteins characteristic of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. We also demonstrate that rhabdoid tumor cells can form tumors in athymic (nude) mice and that the intracytoplasmic globules are present in the nude mouse lesions.
Animals↗
Monoclonal antibodies to human intermediate filament proteins. II. Distribution of filament proteins in normal human tissues.
Monoclonal antibodies generated against different human intermediate filament (IF) proteins were assayed on fixed, embedded tissue by the biotin-avidin-immunoperoxidase method for evaluation of the tissue specificity of these antibodies. An antibody (43 beta E8) made to fibroblast IF protein stains mesenchymal tissue such as endothelium, histiocytes, stromal fibroblasts, and Schwann cells but does not stain epithelium, skeletal muscle, lymphocytes, or neurons. Three different anti-cytokeratin antibodies decorate epithelium in three unique patterns. One (35 beta H11) stains all nonsquamous epithelium but fails to recognize squamous epithelium. Antibody 34 beta E12 stains the full thickness of squamous epithelium and ductular epithelium but does not react with hepatocytes, pancreatic acinar cells, proximal renal tubules, or endometrial glands. Antibody 34 beta B4 stains only the suprabasal portion of squamous epithelium. None of these three anti-cytokeratin antibodies reacts with nerve or mesenchymal tissue. Two anti-neurofilament antibodies recognize only neurons, failing to react with epithelial or mesenchymal tissue. We conclude that these anti-intermediate filament antibodies can be used as tissue-specific markers. Neoplasms retain the same intermediate filament patterns as the normal parental tissue; therefore, these antibodies can be used as diagnostic aids in surgical pathology.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Type VIII collagen. Synthesis by normal and malignant cells in culture.
A novel protein belonging to the collagen family was originally purified from the culture medium of bovine aortic endothelial cells. This endothelial collagen, termed EC, was also found to comprise the major collagen type synthesized by a malignant astrocytoma-derived cell line. Examination of several cell strains derived from normal tissues revealed that EC was not synthesized by all endothelial cells; it was absent from human endothelial cells cultured from both large and small vessels but was present in bovine cells, including those from capillaries. Human foreskin fibroblasts also secreted this protein in small amounts relative to interstitial procollagens, but it was not detected in two human epithelial cell strains. EC was consistently observed in human cell lines derived from several carcinomas and comprised the major collagenous protein secreted by cells cultured from a Ewing's sarcoma. In contrast, malignant or transformed murine cells did not produce EC in vitro. In addition, the protein was not apparent after metabolic labeling of human cells from an epidermoid carcinoma, a fibrosarcoma, and two Wilms' tumors. EC-like proteins were isolated from cell culture medium by ion-exchange chromatography and were compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after cleavage with vertebrate collagenase, mast cell protease, and CNBr. In addition to the homologies displayed by comparative peptide mapping, these collagens exhibited other unusual properties that collectively were characteristic of EC from endothelial and astrocytoma-derived cells. These studies support the existence of a novel class of collagenous proteins that are secreted by a wide variety of cells derived from both normal and neoplastic tissues. This class of proteins, which manifests several unusual structural characteristics, has been designated type VIII collagen.
Animals↗
Monoclonal antibodies to intermediate filament proteins of human cells: unique and cross-reacting antibodies.
Monoclonal antibodies were generated against the intermediate filament proteins of different human cells. The reactivity of these antibodies with the different classes of intermediate filament proteins was determined by indirect immunofluorescence on cultured cells, immunologic indentification on SDS polyacrylamide gels ("wester blot" experiments), and immunoperoxidase assays on intact tissues. The following four antibodies are described: (a) an antivimentin antibody generated against human fibroblast cytoskeleton; (b), (c) two antibodies that recognize a 54-kdalton protein in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells; and (d) an antikeratin antibody made to stratum corneum that recognizes proteins of molecular weight 66 kdaltons and 57 kdaltons. The antivimentin antibody reacts with vimentin (58 kdaltons), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and keratins from stratum corneum, but does not recognize hepatoma intermediate filaments. In immunofluorescence assays, the antibody reacts with mesenchymal cells and cultured epithelial cells that express vimentin. This antibody decorates the media of blood vessels in tissue sections. One antihepatoma filament antibody reacts only with the 54 kdalton protein of these cells and, in immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase assays, only recognizes epithelial cells. It reacts with almost all nonsquamous epithelium. The other antihepatoma filament antibody is much less selective, reacting with vimentin, GFAP, and keratin from stratum corneum. This antibody decorates intermediate filaments of both mesenchymal and epithelial cells. The antikeratin antibody recognizes 66-kdalton and 57-kdalton proteins in extracts of stratum corneum and also identifies proteins of similar molecular weights in all cells tested. However, by immunofluorescence, this antibody decorates only the intermediate filaments of epidermoid carcinoma cells. When assayed on tissue sections, the antibody reacts with squamous epithelium and some, but not all, nonsquamous epithelium. Therefore this antistratum corneum antibody and the anti-54-kdalton antibody identify unique epitopes present in the various cytokeratin molecules of epithelial cells. None of the hybridoma antibodies react with neurofilament proteins. The different patterns of reactivity of these antibodies suggest that many of the immunologically distinct intermediate filament proteins contain common antigenic determinants.
Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
Variations in bronchiolitis management between five New Zealand hospitals: can we do better?
OBJECTIVES: To determine the current management of bronchiolitis by five major New Zealand hospitals and to identify areas for improvement. METHODS: Lists of infants under 1 year of age admitted with bronchiolitis during 1998 were obtained from the casemix offices of the five largest New Zealand hospitals with paediatric services. Hospital records from a random sample of these admissions were reviewed. RESULTS: Out of the 409 infants admitted overnight, 8% had been born less than or=32 weeks gestation and 53% were aged younger than 6 months. Overall, 59% received oxygen, 21% had nasogastric fluids, 22% had intravenous fluids, 34% were prescribed antibiotics, 42% received bronchodilators and 60% had a chest radiograph. Respiratory secretions were collected for viral studies from 58% of infants and, in 59%, respiratory syncytial virus was detected. Significant variations in management were detected between hospitals. The overall proportion of infants requiring oxygen, intravenous or nasogastric fluids (65%) was significantly higher than that found in a 1986-1988 Christchurch study where only 25% received one or more of these interventions (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Opportunities exist to rationalize bronchiolitis management in New Zealand with potential cost savings, particularly by reducing the number of chest radiographs and prescribing of unnecessary antibiotics and bronchodilators.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Factors influencing infant feeding practices of mothers in Vancouver.
This study describes factors influencing infant feeding choices of 434 mothers with 9-month-old infants in Vancouver. Consistent with Social Cognitive Theory, both internal personal and socio-environmental factors influence infant feeding choices. Mothers attributed the choice to breastfeed primarily to personal choice, whereas the choice to formula feed was attributed to socio-environmental factors. Among mothers who breastfed < 3 months, the choice to wean was primarily attributed to concern for baby's nutrition; compared to returning to work, concern about milk supply and concern for baby's nutrition among those who breastfed > or = 3 to < 6 months; and returning to work and personal choice among those who breastfed > or = 6 months. Among Caucasian mothers, the choice to wean was primarily attributed to returning to work, compared to concern for baby's nutrition among non-Caucasian mothers. Initiatives to facilitate further advances in breastfeeding promotion could address three areas: 1) prenatal intentions, 2) early postpartum concerns, and 3) later issues surrounding returning to work and infant nutrition.
Adult↗
Breastfeeding and weaning practices in Vancouver.
This study describes infant feeding practices in Vancouver during the first nine months after birth, as compared with the Canadian Pediatric Society (CPS) guidelines and results of studies from other parts of Canada. Information on feeding practices and family background was obtained from parents of 434 nine-month-old infants by questionnaire and diet history. The overall rate of breastfeeding initiation was 82.9%, but this differed significantly between Caucasian (91.6%) and non-Caucasian (56.8%) mothers. Introduction of solid foods occurred at ages consistent with CPS recommendations, but only 18.2% of mothers still breastfed at nine months' postpartum. Breastfeeding practices were significantly associated with the mothers' marital status, education and family income. Women who were single, had no post-secondary education, or had a family income of less than $30,000 were least likely to breastfeed, or to do so for longer durations. The development of educational and support systems to encourage longer breastfeeding among different ethnic and socioeconomic groups should be a priority for infant nutrition initiatives.
Breast Feeding↗