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Biomedical subjects

A M Zaĭchenko

Publications and source records attributed to A M Zaĭchenko.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mycotoxins: past, present and future].

The paper deals with historical information concerning the investigation of mycotoxins and mycotoxicoses at the Institute of Microbiology and Virology of the NAS of Ukraine, main results of the works fulfilled for the last 25 years and possible trends of further investigations.

Academies and Institutes↗
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[The antibiotic properties of macrocyclic trichothecene mycotoxins].

Some trichotecenic mycotoxins (verrucarine A, roridines A and H, T-2-toxin) have been studied for their antibiotic effect on a wide spectrum of the yeast cultures (761 strains). The studied substances differ both in their activity and the action character. The yeast strains promising for development of microbiological methods of indication and detoxification of mycotoxins have been revealed.

Antifungal Agents↗
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[Biosynthesis of 14C-macrocyclic trichothecenes].

Possibility of producing (14C)-macrocyclic trichothecenes (MCTC) with high specific activity was studied. (1-14C)-glucose, (2-14C)-acetate and (2-14C)-mevalonate were used as precursors. The best results were obtained when labeled acetate was introduced into the medium at the end of the logarithmic growth stage of Dendrodochium toxicum 5800, a fungus-producer. Individual (14C)-MCTC with high specific activity are obtained: verrucarine A-158.1 microC/mM, rhoridine A-167.4 microC/mM; rhoridine H-161.9 microC/mM.

Chemical Phenomena↗
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[The antibiotic properties of the phytotoxic metabolites of Botrytis cinerea Pers].

Antibiotic properties of substances of a phytotoxic complex from Botrytis cinerea have been studied for a number of phytopathogenic bacteria, phytopathogenic and toxigenic fungi as well as saprophytic yeast strains. High fungistatic activity of preparations of phytotoxic metabolites (PTM) has been stated for Dendrodochium toxicum, Myrothecium verrucaria, M. roridum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium urticae, agents of heavy human and cattle mycotoxicoses. The studied representatives of phytopathogenic fusaria differed significantly in sensitivity to PTM: all the strains studied of the species from section Discolor (Fusarium gibbosum 54,624 and 51,463, F. graminearum 108,269, F. sambucinum 54,968, F. culmorum 54,951) were actively inhibited by the PTM concentrations studied; F. sporotrichiella 52,290 proved to be insensitive to them; the strains studied of the species from sections Elegans (F. oxysporum 55,715, F. moniliforme 54,262) and Martiella (F. javanicum 54,075, F. solani 54,719) possessed different sensitivity to PTM. The overwhelming majority of the yeast strains proved to be resistant to the PTM concentrations studied, except for the strains of Trichosporon cutaneum. In this connection the fact of high sensitivity of one of the strains of Kluyveromyces marxianus var. marxianus to B. cinerea metabolites arouses great interest. The strains of studied phytopathogenic bacteria (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora 8,982 and Clavibacter michiganense 13) were sensitive to higher concentrations of PTM.

Animals↗
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[The physiological and biochemical characteristics of Stachybotrys chartarum 13959a in relation to the biosynthesis of stachybotryotoxins].

The activities of key enzymes of main metabolic pathways: glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle, have been studied in dynamics of cultivation of toxin-producing fungus Stachybotrys chartarum 13959a. Aldolase activity increased while that of succinate dehydrogenase decreased during the fungal growth. The activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was high during the first days of cultivation and then it decreased. The maximum yield of acetaldehyde has been observed during the first stages of cultivation and it has not been connected with quantitative yield of pyruvate.

Acetaldehyde↗