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Biomedical subjects

A Möller

Publications and source records attributed to A Möller.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Life 20 years after unsuccessful infertility treatment.

BACKGROUND: This study explores the long-term experience of involuntary childlessness among 14 Swedish women 20 years after their infertility treatment. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted. RESULTS: The childlessness had had a strong impact on all the women's lives and was for all a major life theme. The effects were experienced both on a personal level and on interpersonal and social levels. Half of the women were separated, and in all but one, sexual life was affected in negative and long-lasting ways. The effects of childlessness were especially increased at the time the study was conducted, as the women's peer group was entering the 'grandparent phase'. Many coped with their childlessness by caring for others, such as the children of friends or relatives, elderly parents or animals. CONCLUSION: These findings represent a small sample, but they point towards the need for developing models of counselling and support that stimulate self-reflection and strengthen personal resources and empowerment for individuals and couples experiencing involuntary childlessness.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

First IVF treatment--short-term impact on psychological well-being and the marital relationship.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess infertile couples' short-term emotional responses to their first IVF treatment (the women's and men's emotional reactions and their experiences of the marital relationship at different stages of the first treatment) and to relate these responses to the outcome of the IVF treatment. METHODS: The study was part of a prospective, longitudinal study where 117 couples participated. The women and men answered questionnaires separately concerning psychological and social factors at three occasions: before, during and 1 month after treatment. RESULTS: Women's and men's emotional reactions related to first IVF treatment were dependent on whether they achieved a pregnancy or not. Those who failed to become pregnant rated their emotional well-being worse, whereas those who became pregnant rated their emotional well-being better than before treatment started. The women reported stronger emotional reactions about their infertility than their husbands. However, the men reacted in the same emotional pattern as their wives when pregnancy was not achieved. A majority reported that the marital relationship improved during treatment. CONCLUSION: Couples undergoing their first IVF treatment are as a group well adjusted and manage to handle the short-term emotional strain under treatment. The determining factor for short-term emotional response of treatment was whether pregnancy was achieved.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Congenital intestinal lymphangiectasia: a rare differential diagnosis in hypoproteinemia in infants].

BACKGROUND: Congenital intestinal lymphangiectasia is a rare disease in childhood, which may already cause protein-losing enteropathy in newborns. PATIENT, METHODS AND RESULTS: This is a case report of an infant with generalized edema and protein-losing enteropathy, in whom intestinal lymphangiectasia was diagnosed at the age of two months. Following repetitive intravenous albumin und gamma globulin infusions, the elimination of long-chain fats from the diet and the substitution with medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) led to an improvement of the protein-losing enteropathy. CONCLUSION: In newborns with low level of serum protein and edema protein-losing enteropathy caused by congenital lymphangiectasia might be considered as a differential diagnosis.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2005

Zero-field incommensurate spin-Peierls phase with interchain frustration in TiOCl.

We report on the magnetic, thermodynamic, and optical properties of the quasi-one-dimensional quantum antiferromagnets TiOCl and TiOBr, which have been discussed as spin-Peierls compounds. The observed deviations from canonical spin-Peierls behavior, e.g., the existence of two distinct phase transitions, have been attributed previously to strong orbital fluctuations. This can be ruled out by our optical data of the orbital excitations. We show that the frustration of the interchain interactions in the bilayer structure gives rise to incommensurate order with a subsequent lock-in transition to a commensurate dimerized state. In this way, a single driving force, the spin-Peierls mechanism, induces two separate transitions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2005

Does psychological stress affect the outcome of in vitro fertilization?

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of psychological stress before and during IVF treatment on the outcome of IVF, controlling for known physiological predictors. METHODS: This is a prospective, longitudinal study. A total of 166 women were studied during their first IVF treatment. They answered questionnaires concerning psychological and social factors on two occasions. Psychological well-being was measured by the Psychological General Well-Being (PGWB) index and psychological effects of infertility were assessed by 14 items. RESULTS: In the analysis of the psychological variables, no differences were found between pregnant and non-pregnant women. The total number of good quality embryos, the number of good quality embryos transferred, and the number of embryos transferred were significantly higher in the pregnant than in the non-pregnant group. In a multivariate analysis, the number of good quality embryos transferred was the only variable that was independently associated with pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: We found no evidence that psychological stress had any influence on the outcome of IVF treatment. When counselling infertile couples, it might be possible to reduce the stress they experience during the treatment procedure by informing them of these findings.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Precipitation of heavy metals from landfill leachates by microbially-produced sulphide.

Four leachates from two landfills in Sweden were treated for the removal of heavy metals with the aid of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Both continuous and batch experiments were performed. A packed-bed process was used for sulphide production. The metals studied were As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The continuous experiments showed that Cd and Cu were most efficiently removed and that Cr was the most difficult to precipitate. In a continuous experiment with one of the leachates, the removal of Cd, Cu and Zn depended upon the retention time in the system. In the batch experiments, precipitation of the metals was a relatively fast process. No significant differences in metal concentrations were found between experiments terminated after a day and those terminated after a week. In a batch experiment involving one of the leachates, the precipitation of Cd and Cu was shown to be dependent upon the metal:sulphide ratio. Removal of the metals increased with an increase in the sulphide:metal ratio up to 45:1. The process with SRB showed an interesting potential for removal of heavy metals from leachates. One of the two leachates for which the highest metal removals were obtained came from a landfill for hazardous waste.

Bioreactors↗
PubMed2004

Blocking lymphotoxin-beta receptor activation diminishes inflammation via reduced mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) expression and leucocyte margination in chronic DSS-induced colitis.

The lymphotoxin-beta receptor (LTbetaR) pathway is critical for maintenance of organized lymphoid structures and is involved in the development of colitis. To investigate the mechanisms by which LTbetaR activation contributes to the pathology of chronic inflammation we used a soluble LTbetaR-Ig fusion protein as a competitive inhibitor of LTbetaR activation in the mouse model of chronic colitis induced by oral administration of dextran sulphate sodium. Strong expression of LTbeta which constitutes part of the LTalpha(1)beta(2) ligand complex was detected in colonic tissue of mice with chronic colitis. Treatment with LTbetaR-Ig significantly attenuated the development and histological manifestations of the chronic inflammation and reduced the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-1beta, and IL-6. Moreover, LTbetaR-Ig treatment significantly down-regulated mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) expression, leading to reduced leucocyte rolling and sticking in postcapillary and collecting venules and reduced extravasation into the intestinal mucosa as quantified by in vivo fluorescence microscopy. Thus, LTbetaR pathway inhibition ameliorates DSS-induced experimental chronic colitis in mice by MAdCAM-1 down-regulation entailing reduced lymphocyte margination and extravasation into the inflamed mucosa. Therefore, a combined treatment with reagents blocking T cell-mediated perpetuation of chronic inflammation such as LTbetaR-Ig together with direct anti-inflammatory reagents such as TNF inhibitors could constitute a promising treatment strategy for chronic colitis.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[The "Psychopathologic laboratory" at Burghölzli. Development and termination of the working relationship of C.G. Jung and Eugen Bleuler].

C.G. Jung was on the staff of the University Psychiatric Clinic in Zurich ("Burghölzli"), headed by Eugen Bleuler, from 1900 to 1909; he became a senior physician in 1905. In correspondence with Sigmund Freud, Jung claimed that he had informed Bleuler about the subject of psychoanalysis and had recruited him for the movement. In fact, it can be shown that Bleuler was familiar with Freud's publications even before Jung came to Burghölzli and that he had written a very positive review of the hysteria study. Jung received his doctorate (1902) and postdoctoral qualification as university lecturer based on Bleuler's reports to the Department of Medicine and continued to give lectures on certain recurring topics, such as the theory of hysteria, until the summer semester of 1914, well after his resignation. Minutes of department meetings that have not previously been evaluated appear to indicate that the department's rejection of the founding of a "psychopathologic research laboratory," expected by Jung,was a major factor leading to his resignation on March 7, 1909. The importance of other events for Bleuler's relationship with Jung--the unsuccessful attempt at an analytical treatment of Otto Gross or Jung's relationship with Sabina Spielrein--cannot be demonstrated based on current sources.

Correspondence as Topic↗
PubMed2003

Long-term stimulation of mouse hippocampal slice culture on microelectrode array.

To understand mechanisms of information processing, development and degeneration of the central nervous system, simultaneous multisite recording and stimulation have become extremely helpful. We have further developed the innovative approach to record from intact neural networks using planar microelectrode arrays (MEAs) with 60 substrate-integrated nano-columnar electrodes. To allow for long-term stimulation, mouse hippocampal tissue slices were immobilized onto MEAs and permanently moved between the gas and medium phase in a specifically designed tilting incubator that made it possible to electrically contact up to 90 MEAs with 5400 electrodes. After 2-3 weeks in vitro, histochemical staining, the intracellular microinjection of the fluorescent dye Alexa and the recording of spontaneous activity revealed in vivo-like characteristics of the organotypically cultured tissue. The feasibility of long-term stimulation during culturing was demonstrated with a low frequency paradigm. 0.003 Hz stimulation over a 16 h period resulted in a significant decline of field potentials and population spikes in two identified hippocampal subregions. Control experiments revealed that this effect was not due to tissue detachment or to induced cell death. In summary, the novel technology promises to open a new avenue for analyzing regulatory interactions of neuronal activity, cell differentiation and gene expression during development and in diseases.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed2003

Bacteria recovered from teeth with apical periodontitis after antimicrobial endodontic treatment.

UNLABELLED: Chávez de Paz LE, Dahlén G, Molander A, Möller A, Bergenholtz G. Bacteria recovered from teeth with apical periodontitis after antimicrobial endodontic treatment. International Endodontic Journal, 36, 500-508, 2003. AIM: To determine whether there is a pattern for certain bacteria to remain after chemo-mechanical treatment of root canals in teeth with apical periodontitis. METHODOLOGY: Consecutive root-canal samples of 200 teeth receiving root-canal treatment, referred from general practitioners and endodontic specialists for analyses of cultivable microbes, were studied prospectively. To be included, samples had to be taken at a treatment session subsequent to the one at which endodontic therapy was initiated. All samples were from teeth that either presented with clinical or radiographic evidence of apical periodontitis or both. Bacteriological findings were linked to clinical and radiographic parameters including status of the root canal prior to treatment, namely, vital pulp, necrotic pulp or root filled. RESULTS: A total of 248 strains were isolated from 107 teeth giving bacterial growth. Gram-positives predominated (85%). Lactobacillus spp. (22%), nonmutans streptococci (18%), and Enterococcus spp. (12%) were the most common isolates. Gram-negative anaerobes were relatively sporadic. Large radiographic bone lesions, persistent pain and use of intracanal calcium hydroxide dressing correlated with bacterial presence (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Once established, nonmutans streptococci, enterococci and lactobacilli appear to survive commonly following root-canal treatment of teeth with clinical and radiographical signs of apical periodontitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Spirituality and existential well-being as topics of research in medical psychology and psychiatry].

Spirituality is introduced as a notion referring to a personal dimension of life sense donating self-reflection and includes religious thinking in this respect but, however, is by no means limited to religiousness. Different studies point out that there may be relevant connections between aspects of subjective life sense and variables like "neuroticism" and "negative" emotionality. In the Anglo-American psychological and even psychiatric literature this spiritual dimension is a topic of empirical research; programs of psychological treatment for chronical and terminal ill patients had been created and are mainly founded on aspects of spirituality as a relevant dimension in remaining life. Referring to the presented literature the hypothesis can be formed that a sense-donating contingency is related to different psychological and psychiatric topics not limited to aged people or those suffering from severe illness. Further research is needed; culture-dependent differences in the content and expression of spiritual dimensions may exist. The question becomes actualized by migration movements (fundamentalistic philosophies), a greater proportion of patients might be influenced by other religions and life sense-donating philosophies. In the existing psychotherapy literature indications are hardly found how these patients' characteristic features can be adequately integrated in design and execution of the psychotherapeutic process.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

[The social understanding of Eugen Bleuler - his viewpoint outside of the psychiatric clinic].

Based on writings from different periods in the life of Eugen Bleuler, the present work represents a consistent recognizable concept of ethics, social order and race hygiene in his scientific work. These subjects are set by Bleuler in a more general connection of nature and culture; it can be shown that the scientific understanding of social and cultural phenomena is founded on principles which can be easily identified by looking at nature. Bleuler's position is a clear-cut deterministic and materialistic one; the crisis of the post-world-war era can be solved only by rational reasonable ethics rules of a science applied on social questions. Bleuler outlines the general importance of race hygiene; practical consequences of this position remain unaffected. Euthanasia is to be planed in certain cases of difficult and incurable disease - including also mental illness; mental deficiency as such does not legitimize a such step yet.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed2002

Discovery of phenyl alanine derived ketoamides carrying benzoyl residues as novel calpain inhibitors.

Novel calpain inhibitors derived from phenyl alanine aldehydes or ketoamides carrying a benzoyl residue were prepared and evaluated for their biological potency. A brief structure-activity relationship elucidated the importance of ortho-substitutents in the benzoyl moiety. The most potent derivative, the ketoamide 19c, exhibited a K(i) of 6nM and represents a novel class of reversible, highly potent and non-peptidic calpain inhibitors.

Amides↗
PubMed2002

[Eugen Bleulers propositions to psychiatric treatment].

The historical review of Eugen Bleulers concepts and proposals to treatment in psychiatry, generally and especially for schizophrenia, covers the years between his inaugural lecture 1898 as professor of psychiatry at the University of Zurich to his last edition of his textbook 1937. Already at the beginning of his career as professor in Zurich, he had a very intimate knowledge of psychiatric patients from his 12 years as director of the Mental Hospital Rheinau (near Zurich) where he lived as a bachelor with his patients in the same building. In his inaugural lecture, Bleuler already discussed very practical problems of psychiatric service. e.g. work, employment, marriage, situation in patient's family, housing, occupational therapy etc. Working in the group of other patients should help to re-establish the relationship to the common reality and the society. Psychotherapy for schizophrenics was mentioned in 1911 as the only serious therapy, but was not further elaborated. In 1939, Bleuler was much more sceptical concerning the realistic possibilities of an efficient psychotherapy of schizophrenia. Psychoanalysis would only allow a psychological understanding of some symptoms in schizophrenia but would be unable to contribute to a theory of the underlying pathogenesis. In his view, schizophrenia has its own inherent development. This resignation concerning constructive and efficient therapy dominates his confession even in his last lecture when retiring 1927. Considering the paucity of therapeutic possibilities, Bleuler underlined the importance of prophylactic eugenic strategies.

Germany↗
PubMed2002

Development and termination of the working relationship of C. G. Jung and Eugen Bleuler 1900-1909.

From 1900 to 1909, C. G. Jung was on the staff of the University Psychiatric Clinic in Zurich ('Burghölzli'), headed by Eugen Bleuler, where he became a senior physician (Sekundararzt) in 1905. Jung received his doctorate (1902) and postdoctoral qualification as a university lecturer (Habilitation) based on Bleuler's reports to the department of medicine, and he continued to give lectures on certain recurring topics, such as the theory of hysteria, until summer semester 1914, well after his resignation. Minutes of department meetings that have not previously been evaluated appear to indicate that a major factor leading to Jung's resignation on 7 March 1909 was the department's rejection of the founding of the 'psychopathologic research laboratory' that he had expected. The importance of other events for Bleuler's relationship with Jung - the unsuccessful attempt at an analytical treatment of Otto Gross, and Jung's relationship with Sabina Spielrein - cannot be determined from current sources.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed2001

CD95-induced JNK activation signals are transmitted by the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC), but not by Daxx.

Here we investigated CD95-mediated JNK activation pathways and their physiological relevance by employing a variety of cell lines with deficiencies in individual signal transmitting proteins. JNK activation was completely dependent on the activation of caspases in type I and type II cells, as revealed by the inhibitory effects of the caspase inhibitors zVAD-fmk or the cowpoxvirus-encoded CrmA protein. Jurkat cells deficient in caspase-8 or expressing a dominant negative (DN) form of FADD were unable to induce JNK in response to CD95 ligation, indicating that these death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) proteins are required for signal transmission. Activation of caspases, JNK and apoptosis occurred with a markedly slower kinetics in cells expressing a DN version of ASK1, revealing an important contribution of ASK1 for these processes. A C-terminally truncated version of Daxx impaired CD95-mediated apoptosis without affecting the JNK signal. DN forms of FADD, MKK4 and MKK7 completely inhibited CD95-mediated JNK activation but remained without impact on cell killing, indicating that JNK activation is not required for the execution process of CD95-mediated cell killing.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗