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Biomedical subjects

A Møller

Publications and source records attributed to A Møller.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Neuroprotective effect of 8-OH-DPAT in global cerebral ischemia assessed by stereological cell counting.

The neuroprotective effect of the 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) was tested in a 2-vessel occlusion model in rats. The post-ischemic core temperature was carefully monitored for 24 h. After 7 days of survival, the viable CA1 neurons were counted in an 8-OH-DPAT (125 microg/kg/h) and vehicle-treated group using the optical fractionator method. The vehicle-treated ischemic rats had a median number of dorsal CA1 neurons of 49,900 whereas the 8-OH-DPAT-treated ischemic rats had a significant lower median number of dorsal CA1 neurons 105,200 (P=0. 018). 8-OH-DPAT significantly lowered the core temperature compared to the vehicle-treated group during the 24-h post-ischemic period. Hypothermia is proposed as a possible explanation of the neuroprotective effect of 8-OH-DPAT.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed2000

Volume control in sickle cells is facilitated by the novel anion conductance inhibitor NS1652.

A low cation conductance and a high anion conductance are characteristic of normal erythrocytes. In sickle cell anemia, the polymerization of hemoglobin S (HbS) under conditions of low oxygen tension is preceded by an increase in cation conductance. This increase in conductance is mediated in part through Ca(++)-activated K(+) channels. A net efflux of potassium chloride (KCl) leads to a decrease in intracellular volume, which in turn increases the rate of HbS polymerization. Treatments minimizing the passive transport of ions and solvent to prevent such volume depletion might include inhibitors targeting either the Ca(++)-activated K(+) channel or the anion conductance. NS1652 is an anion conductance inhibitor that has recently been developed. In vitro application of this compound lowers the net KCl loss from deoxygenated sickle cells from about 12 mmol/L cells/h to about 4 mmol/L cells/h, a value similar to that observed in oxygenated cells. Experiments performed in mice demonstrate that NS1652 is well tolerated and decreases red cell anion conductance in vivo. (Blood. 2000;95:1842-1848)

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1999

[Use of antiretroviral chemoprophylaxis after occupational HIV exposure].

The study describes the use of postexposure antiretroviral prophylaxis (PEP) after occupational exposure to HIV in Denmark in the period 1/1 1997-31/12 1998. Forty-seven accidentally exposed persons received PEP in this period, of whom 14 were nurses, 13 physicians and 11 were not employed in the health care system. In 23 cases side effects to PEP were described. In 18 cases the index person was i.v. drug abuser and in 11 cases homosexual/bisexual men. In 18 cases the HIV status of the index person was unknown at the time of exposure. Ten of these index persons were subsequently tested and all found HIV-negative. It is concluded, that the frequency of occupational exposure to HIV is unacceptably high. Further it is emphasised that in cases where the HIV status of the index person is unknown, PEP should only be instituted if the index person is at risk of being HIV infected and has signs of HIV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of short-term estrogenicity tests for identification of hormone-disrupting chemicals.

The aim of this study was to compare results obtained by eight different short-term assays of estrogenlike actions of chemicals conducted in 10 different laboratories in five countries. Twenty chemicals were selected to represent direct-acting estrogens, compounds with estrogenic metabolites, estrogenic antagonists, and a known cytotoxic agent. Also included in the test panel were 17beta++-estradiol as a positive control and ethanol as solvent control. The test compounds were coded before distribution. Test methods included direct binding to the estrogen receptor (ER), proliferation of MCF-7 cells, transient reporter gene expression in MCF-7 cells, reporter gene expression in yeast strains stably transfected with the human ER and an estrogen-responsive reporter gene, and vitellogenin production in juvenile rainbow trout. 17beta-Estradiol, 17alpha-ethynyl estradiol, and diethylstilbestrol induced a strong estrogenic response in all test systems. Colchicine caused cytotoxicity only. Bisphenol A induced an estrogenic response in all assays. The results obtained for the remaining test compounds--tamoxifen, ICI 182.780, testosterone, bisphenol A dimethacrylate, 4-n-octylphenol, 4-n-nonylphenol, nonylphenol dodecylethoxylate, butylbenzylphthalate, dibutylphthalate, methoxychlor, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, endosulfan, chlomequat chloride, and ethanol--varied among the assays. The results demonstrate that careful standardization is necessary to obtain a reasonable degree of reproducibility. Also, similar methods vary in their sensitivity to estrogenic compounds. Thus, short-term tests are useful for screening purposes, but the methods must be further validated by additional interlaboratory and interassay comparisons to document the reliability of the methods.

DDT↗
PubMed1999

Neuroprotection by a novel compound, NS521.

NS521 (1-(1-butyl)-4-(2-oxo-1-benzimidazolinyl)piperidine) belongs to a group of novel benzimidazolones, which exhibit neurotrophic-like activities. In vitro, NS521 rescued neuronal PC12 cells from death induced by serum and nerve growth factor deprivation. The survival effect of NS521 appeared to reflect a delay of the apoptotic process, because the extent of DNA fragmentation was attenuated transiently by NS521. NS521 did not preserve the neurites of the rescued cells, which, otherwise, appeared to be healthy and were able to regenerate when serum and nerve growth factor were added back to the culture. In vivo, NS521 provided significant protection against the delayed loss of hippocampal CA1 neurons in a gerbil model of transient global ischemia. A neuroprotective effect of NS521 in the peripheral nervous system also was observed in rats after transection of the sciatic nerve, where daily treatment with NS521 was found to inhibit retrograde degeneration of the transected nerve. The neuroprotective effect of NS521 is unlikely to be mediated through neurotrophin receptors, such as TrkA, because NS521 did not induce phosphorylation of the 44- and 42-kDa isoforms of mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK1/2) in PC12 cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Hepatitis C virus (HCV) status in recipients transfused with blood from anti-HCV-positive donors].

Ten donors positive for antibodies to hepatitis C were discovered in the community of Aarhus after the introduction of screening of blood donors. These donors had donated blood products to 123 recipients. Of these recipients 76 were dead and 21 were not contacted for various reasons. Follow-up of anti-HCV status was performed in the remaining 26 recipients. Twenty-four (92%) of the recipients were positive in the RIBA confirmatory test, one was inconclusive and one was negative. Nine (90%) of the donors were hepatitis C virus RNA positive, while 17 (68%) of the recipients were HCV-RNA positive. Altogether (donors and recipients) 25 (76%) of the HCV-RNA positive patients had abnormal liver enzymes, while all HCV-RNA negative patients had normal enzyme levels. Eight of eleven HCV-RNA positive patients had an abnormal liver biopsy, while one patient in the HCV-RNA negative group had an abnormal liver biopsy. Three have been treated with interferon. In view of the liver damage already found only few years after transfusion, follow-up investigations in order to identify younger persons transfused with hepatitis C positive donations should be carried out and patients offered treatment if necessary. The National Board of Health has decided to recommend this strategy.

Blood Donors↗
PubMed1998

Pregnancy and epilepsy: a retrospective study of 151 pregnancies.

OBJECTIVE: We studied the course of pregnancy in women with epilepsy to identify possible risk factors which might complicate the epilepsies and pregnancy outcomes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were collected retrospectively from the records of 151 pregnancies in 124 women with epilepsy from 1978-1992. Epilepsy variables were compared with that of non-pregnant women with epilepsy matched for age. Obstetric and neonatal variables were compared with those of all deliveries in the same unit from 1979-1992 (n=38,983). RESULTS: Pregnancy among patients with epilepsy was more likely to occur in women with relatively mild epilepsy. In 12% of the pregnancies, the women were untreated while 71% were on monotherapy. Twenty-one percent had increased seizure frequency during the pregnancy. Perinatal deaths among newborns of epileptic mothers (1.3%) was more frequent but not significantly increased compared to the background population of 0.5% (95% CI 0.2-4.7). A total of 5.3% had congenital malformations compared to 1.5% in the controls (95% CI 2.3-10.3). No neural tube defects were observed. Maternal treatment with phenytoin was significantly related to the occurrence of congenital malformations, P=0.04. CONCLUSIONS: Most women with epilepsy have an uncomplicated pregnancy and normal healthy offsprings. Maternal treatment with phenytoin might be associated with congenital malformations. No other risk factors could be identified.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1997

[Yellow fever vaccination as prophylaxis of herpes labialis].

At some vaccination centres, it seems to be a clinical observation, that there is a reduction in the number of attacks of herpes labialis following yellow fever vaccination. We therefore conducted a double blind, prospective, randomized study to evaluate the efficacy of yellow fever vaccination against recurrent herpes labialis. Twenty-four patients with culture proven herpes labialis were allocated to either yellow fever vaccination or placebo (saline), with 12 persons in each group. After vaccination/ placebo the patients were followed for one year. The patients returned a letter every other month with information concerning the number of attacks during the period. Comparison of the data from the two groups after one year revealed no significant difference in the number of attacks between the two groups. In conclusion evaluation of the data from this study does not confirm the clinical observation that yellow fever vaccination may act as prophylaxis against herpes labialis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Regional measurements of NO formed in vivo during brain ischemia.

Nitric oxide formed in vivo in the rat brain regions of hippocampus, striatum, neocortex and cerebellum was spin trapped and measured ex vivo by cryogenic electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. In non-ischemic control animals the rate of nitric oxide (NO) formation in the individual brain regions ranged from 15 to 42 pmol.g-1.min-1. During exposure to global ischemia for 7 min the generation of NO increased in all parts of the brain. In the hippocampus the rate of NO formation during ischemia increased by 6-fold from a control rate of 19 pmol.g-1.min-1. This increase was attenuated 47% by pretreatment with the NO synthase antagonist 7-nitroindazole, whereas pretreatment with the non-NMDA receptor anatogonist NBQX and the Ca2+ channel blocker NS638 did not influence the NO formation. The data show that short-duration ischemia elicits a significant, NO-synthase-dependent formation of NO in all brain regions.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1996

No loss in total neuron number in the thalamic reticular nucleus and neocortex in the genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg.

The thalamic reticular nucleus (nRt) as well as the neocortex are involved in the bilateral spike- and wave-discharge loop in genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (GAERS). Neuron loss in different brain areas has been described in relation to epilepsy with convulsive seizures. We have previously investigated the ventrolateral/posterior nucleus of thalamus in GAERS and found no neuron loss. We applied the same efficient and unbiased stereological methods to nRt and to neocortex and again found no loss of neurons. The oscillatory properties of nRt are not related to neurons loss.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Intraoperative mapping of the trigeminal nerve root: technique and application in the surgical management of facial pain.

A method for intraoperative topographic mapping of the trigeminal nerve root using electrophysiological methods is described. A series of 15 patients under general anesthesia during microvascular decompression and selective posterior fossa trigeminal rhizotomy was studied. This method was used to study the localization of fibers of individual subdivisions of the intradural portion of the trigeminal nerve and as a guide for performing physiologically controlled, selective, microsurgical trigeminal rhizotomy.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1995

[Parvovirus B19 infection as the cause of hepatitis and neutrophil granulocytosis in a 20-year old woman].

A case of Parvovirus B19 infection (erythema infectiosum) in a 20 year old woman is presented. The patient presented with fever, arthritis in one knee, neutrophil granulocytosis and biochemical evidence of hepatitis. Serological evidence of Parvovirus B19 infection was found as the only explanation of the clinical picture. Hepatitis was due to Parvovirus B19 infection as there was no serological evidence of EBV or CMV reactivation. Neutrophil granulocytosis and thrombocytosis were found and were probably due to an active bone marrow in the recovery phase of bone marrow aplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A quantitative method for morphometric analysis in neuronal cell culture: unbiased estimation of neuron area and number of branch points.

The morphology and fine structure of neurons in vivo as well as in vitro are influenced by a variety of cell-adhesion and extracellular matrix molecules and soluble growth factors. To examine the effects of such molecules, we have developed a new method for the quantitation of several parameters associated with the morphology of neurons in culture. Whereas methods which have been traditionally used to perform quantitative morphometric analysis of neurons in vitro are often time-consuming and subjective, the methods we describe provide a rapid, efficient, and unbiased approach to morphometric analysis of cultured neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Cognitive function and anticonvulsant therapy: effect of monotherapy in epilepsy.

INTRODUCTION: The effect of antiepileptic drugs (AED) on cognitive function was studied in 87 patients with epilepsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Group A: (n = 52) started AED treatment (carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, sodium-valproate, phenobarbital or phenytoin). Group B: (n = 27) had AED monotherapy withdrawn (carbamazepine or sodium-valproate). Group C: (n = 8) was switched from phenytoin to carbamazepine monotherapy. The patients were tested before and 4 months after change of the treatment. RESULTS: In group A the test performances were in general unchanged. Patients who had their drug treatment withdrawn (group B) and the patients who were switched from phenytoin to carbamazepine (group C) improved in single tests. The predominant changes in performance seem to be due to practice effect. CONCLUSION: Cognitive functions are only minimally influenced by AEDs after short-term treatment whereas there is a slight improvement after discontinuation of long-term administration of carbamazepine and valproate. A lack of practice effect might be the first indicator of a negative effect of AED on cognitive function.

Adolescent↗