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Biomedical subjects

A Møller

Publications and source records attributed to A Møller.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Ankle fractures and alcoholism. The influence of alcoholism on morbidity after malleolar fractures.

The postoperative morbidity after osteosynthesis of malleolar fractures was investigated retrospectively by comparing 90 alcohol abusers with 90 controls. The two groups were selected from 626 male patients and were matched regarding trauma, treatment for cardiovascular, pulmonary and endocrine diseases, age, weight, smoking habits, anaesthesia and duration of surgery. The alcohol abusers developed significantly more early complications, especially infections, after surgery. Follow-up at six, nine and 12 weeks after surgery also revealed a significantly higher morbidity among the alcoholics.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1990

Inhibition of photosensitive seizures in man by the beta-carboline, ZK 95962, a selective benzodiazepine receptor agonist.

A single-dose study of the beta-carboline, ZK 95962, on photosensitive generalized paroxysmal activity in the EEG was conducted in 6 patients with primary generalized epilepsy. Four of the patients were newly diagnosed and did not receive any antiepileptic drug or other medication during the study. Two were receiving current therapy with carbamazepine. A double-blind cross-over study with 2 injections of ZK 95962 (20 micrograms/kg body weight repeated 10 min after 1st injection) and 2 placebo injections were carried out in a randomized order, with 4 h intervals between the injections with active drug and placebo. On the day before the trial, the sensitivity range (standardized photosensitivity range, SPR) was determined hourly using flash frequencies of 2, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 Hz for 4 sec in ascending and descending order until generalized spikes or spike waves occurred. A significant reduction in photosensitivity was observed 2-12 min after injection of ZK 95962 in all patients, lasting 2-3 h. No change in the SPR was observed after placebo injections. The feelings of uneasiness and myoclonic jerks, provoked by photostimulation, were also abolished by ZK 95962, but not by placebo injections. Side effects, including sedation were not observed. The results suggest that benzodiazepine receptor ligands such as ZK 95962 may be potent antiepileptic drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Kidney function and cardiovascular risk factors in non-insulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDM) with microalbuminuria.

Microalbuminuria in non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) is a strong predictor of increased mortality. The major causes of death are cardiovascular, whereas end-stage renal failure is of low frequency. To define kidney function and the presence of some assumed cardiovascular risk factors, we compared a group of 19 microalbuminuric NIDDM patients (M), of mean age (+/- SD) 65 +/- 4 years, and known duration of diabetes 8 +/- 7 years, with 19 randomly selected matched normoalbuminuric patients (N). Seven microalbuminuric patients (P) were also studied. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) did not differ between N and M, whereas kidney volume was increased in M (260.3 +/- 54.1 ml 1.73 m-2) compared to N (220.4 +/- 44.8 ml 1.73 m-2; P = 0.018). The frequency of cardiac disease increased with increasing albuminuria. Glycaemic control did not differ between the groups, but fasting plasma C-peptide levels increased from 2.8 +/- 1.1 micrograms l-1 in N, to 3.7 +/- 1.7 micrograms l-1 in M (P = 0.08), and to 4.2 +/- 1.9 micrograms l-1 (P = 0.03) in P. The lipoprotein profile showed no significant differences, although the LDLcholesterol/HDLcholesterol (LDL-C/HDL-C) ratio tended to rise. A significant correlation was found between C-peptide and LDL-C/HDL-C (r = 0.5; P less than 10(-3]. In conclusion, GFR was not increased, and did not differ between N and M, whereas kidney volume was enhanced in M. Several assumed cardiovascular risk factors showed values of M intermediate between those of N and P.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Efficient estimation of cell volume and number using the nucleator and the disector.

The nucleator allows the unbiased estimation of absolute structural quantities of suitably sampled, arbitrarily shaped structures from observations made from arbitrary points using isotropic probes. A number of time-saving modifications using the nucleator and the consequences of the modifications are studied in terms of their bias and efficiency. Using rat neocortex as an example, a description is given of how to estimate mean neuronal volume and total neuron number efficiently from only a few pairs of plastic sections with a thickness of about 3 microns.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Pharmacokinetic comparison of two carbamazepine slow-release formulations.

In a single-blind pharmacokinetic study patients being treated with conventional carbamazepine (CBZ) in a t.i.d. regimen were randomly allocated to identical doses of two CBZ slow-release formulations (Trimonil Retard and Tegretol Retard) administered once daily. Statistical analysis involved the following parameters: AUC, Cmin, Cmax and Fluctuation Index (FI). With regard to Cmin and FI statistically significant differences in favour of Tegretol Retard were observed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1990

Topical anaesthesia of the normal tympanic membrane: a controlled clinical trial of different suspensions of lidocaine.

The purpose of this investigation was to find an effective method for topical lidocaine anaesthesia of the tympanic membrane for minor therapeutical procedures. Twelve subjects with healthy ears were tested in a randomized double-blind crossover trial. Xylocaine (lidocaine) aerosol 10%, lidocaine 4%, and lidocaine hydrochloride 5% were tested against placebo. Xylocaine aerosol was sprayed into a small container, shaken, and tempered. This made the application painless. The eardrum was stimulated by a point of a needle effective 25 min after application (p = 0.008 and p less than 0.05, respectively). Lidocaine hydrochloride showed no effect. No side effects were observed. The effectiveness seems to be dependent on the ionization of the drug, since the two effective drugs lidocaine and Xylocaine are un-ionized, whereas the ineffective lidocaine hydrochloride is ionized.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease of the colon. Is there a macroscopic difference?

The diagnostic reliability of currently accepted gross pathologic signs in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease of the large intestine was evaluated. Of 198 patients who had colectomy or proctocolectomy because of inflammatory bowel disease, 52% had ulcerative colitis and 37% had Crohn's disease, 11% were indeterminable according to histologic evaluation of the surgical specimens. Cobblestone mucosa was most common in Crohn's disease (P less than 0.001) and pseudopolyposis in ulcerative colitis (P less than 0.01), but there was considerable overlap. Strictures and skip lesions occurred in both diseases with a similar incidence. It is concluded that the differential diagnosis between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease of the large intestine should not be made from macroscopic examination of the resected specimens.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗
PubMed1989

Impact of human growth hormone on plasma lipoprotein concentrations.

To evaluate whether the moderately elevated human growth hormone concentration, seen in insulin dependent diabetic patients, has any impact on lipoproteins, human growth hormone was given to nondiabetic persons in doses which would bring their plasma human growth hormone concentration up in the same level as seen in insulin dependent diabetic patients. After one week of treatment with human growth hormone we found total plasma triglyceride to be significantly raised (0.98 mmol/l +/- 0.28 mmol/l (mean +/- SD) before versus 1.27 mmol/l +/- 0.38 mmol/l (mean +/- SD) after treatment). Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was separated into two fractions (VLDL-1 and VLDL-2) of which VLDL-2 is regarded as a VLDL-remnant which is suggested to be of importance for development of atherosclerosis. After one week of human growth hormone treatment there were no changes in VLDL-1 concentrations whereas a significant raise in VLDL-2 triglyceride and VLDL-2 cholesterol was seen.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1989

Parkinson's disease and autoimmunity.

Sera from 22 patients with Parkinson's disease were tested for autoantibodies in 11 different assays, including a test for autoantibodies directed against determinants in the pituitary gland. All patients were tested twice with a 12-month interval between tests. No pituitary autoantibodies were detected. The other autoantibodies investigated were found in low frequencies and in low titers. Our data supports the view that the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease is not autoimmune.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The new stereological tools: disector, fractionator, nucleator and point sampled intercepts and their use in pathological research and diagnosis.

The new stereological methods for correct and efficient sampling and sizing of cells and other particles are reviewed. There is a hierarchy of methods starting from the simplest where even the microscopic magnification may be unknown to the most complex where typically both section thickness and the magnification must be known. Optical sections in suitably modified microscopes can be used to improve the ease and speed with which even the most demanding of these methods are performed. The methods are illustrated by practical examples of applications to a wide range of histological entities including synapses, neurons and cancer cells, glomerular corpuscles and ovarian follicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Some new, simple and efficient stereological methods and their use in pathological research and diagnosis.

Stereology is a set of simple and efficient methods for quantitation of three-dimensional microscopic structures which is specifically tuned to provide reliable data from sections. Within the last few years, a number of new methods has been developed which are of special interest to pathologists. Methods for estimating the volume, surface area and length of any structure are described in this review. The principles on which stereology is based and the necessary sampling procedures are described and illustrated with examples. The necessary equipment, the measurements, and the calculations are invariably simple and easy.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Diurnal plasma profiles of metabolite and hormone concentration in insulin-dependent diabetic patients during conventional insulin treatment and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. A controlled study.

In addition to hyperglycaemia, derangement of metabolic and hormonal control may play an important role in the development of microvascular complications in diabetes. Little, however, is known about the impact of insulin pump treatment on metabolic and hormonal parameters. In a 6-month prospective randomized study in insulin-dependent diabetics we therefore investigated the effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion by pump (10 patients) and conventional insulin treatment (10 patients) on the 24-h profiles of blood glucose, glycerol, lactate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, insulin, glucagon and growth hormone by measuring the respective concentrations every 2 h. We found that average blood glucose levels and HbA1c were significantly lower in the group treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion as compared with the group on conventional insulin treatment. Furthermore, we observed an improvement in diurnal levels of lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate in the pump-treated group which was not seen in the conventionally treated group. A slight increment in alanine was seen in the group treated with insulin pump. Serum growth hormone, glycerol, plasma free insulin as well as the daily insulin supply were unchanged and identical in the two groups. It is noteworthy that in the pump group, the decrease in blood glucose and 3-hydroxybutyrate takes place concomitantly with a significant suppression of glucagon.

3-Hydroxybutyric Acid↗
PubMed1987

Plasma lipoprotein composition in type 2 diabetic patients.

In the present study lipoprotein fractions were studied in clinically well-characterized patients with type 2 diabetes. Apart from the usually isolated fractions (VLDL, LDL and HDL) a subfraction of VLDL was studied. This VLDL-subfraction (VLDL-2) has a similar chemical composition to beta-VLDL which has been suggested to be of importance in the development of atherosclerosis. The results shows that obese type 2 diabetic women carry substantial amounts of VLDL-2 (greater than 100% above the level of comparable non-diabetic women), (2p less than 0.01 for cholesterol and triglyceride amounts in VLDL-2). Furthermore obese diabetic women had total plasma cholesterol values 27% higher than non-diabetic obese women (2p less than 0.05). Total plasma triglyceride values were found to be significantly higher in diabetic women compared with non-diabetic women (2p less than 0.01). LDL-cholesterol was found significantly raised in obese diabetic women compared with the corresponding group of non-diabetic women (2p less than 0.05). HDL-cholesterol showed lower values in ideal-weight diabetic women than in ideal-weight non-diabetic women (2p less than 0.05). In summary, the results show that obese women with type 2 diabetes carry high concentrations of lipoprotein fractions which have been incriminated as being of importance in the development of atherosclerosis. This is in accordance with the sex ratio of atherosclerotic disease among diabetic patients compared to the sex ratio in non-diabetic patients.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1986

Intracephalic transplants of freeze-stored rat hippocampal tissue.

The survival and cellular and connective organization of intracephalic transplants of developing, freeze-stored rat hippocampal tissue were examined. Blocks of tissue containing the hippocampus and fascia dentata were obtained from late embryonic (E16-E22) and early postnatal rats (P0-P4) and immersed in a tissue culture medium with 10% of the cryoprotective agent DMSO, frozen at a cooling rate of approximately 1 degree C/minute, and stored for 1-226 days in liquid nitrogen. After quick thawing and washing out of the DMSO the tissue blocks were transplanted to the brain of adult rats. From 2 weeks to 3 months later the recipient brains were processed histologically. The cellular and connective organization of the transplants and their interaction with the host brains were analyzed after thionin cell staining, Timm's staining for hippocampal and dentate afferents, immunohistochemical staining for enkephalin-, CCK-, and somatostatin-reactive neurons and afferents, AChE staining for cholinergic afferents, and silver stains for fiber architectonics and tracing of connections by anterograde axonal degeneration. Freeze-storage narrowed the range of donor ages with good transplant survival. The best surviving hippocampal and dentate transplants thus came from 17-21-day-old embryos. There was no correlation between the length of storage and survival. Structurally the transplants of stored tissue were more frequently fragmented than the transplants of fresh tissue when located outside the brain parenchyma in the brain ventricles. This was in accordance with the results of a previous study of grafts of freeze-stored and fresh hippocampal tissue placed in the anterior eye chamber. Despite the decrease in survival and the tendency for fragmentation many well-structured and organotypically organized hippocampal and dentate transplants were recovered corresponding to the donor ages E19-E21. In addition to the main cell types (granule cells and pyramidal cells) the freeze-stored transplants also contained peptidergic nerve cells reacting for CCK, somatostatin, and enkephalin. The organization of the intrinsic nerve connections and the exchange of connections with the host brain were similar for transplants of stored and fresh tissue. Besides the consistent innervation of the hippocampal and dentate transplants by host cholinergic afferents monitored by AChE staining, several appropriately located dentate transplants thus sent mossy fibers to the host CA3. Others received host perforant path projections. A CA3-associated transplant projection to the denervated perforant path zones in the host fascia dentata was also observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1986

Lipoprotein changes during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in insulin-dependent diabetic patients.

We have studied the long-term effects (9 months) in plasma lipoprotein concentrations during continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) (n = 11, six females, five males) and compared these changes to conventional insulin therapy (CIT) (n = 12, six females, six males). The two groups were allocated to CSII or CIT randomly, and were comparable as regards lipoprotein values at the start of the study. There were initially normal total plasma cholesterol values in both groups (CSII group: mean plasma cholesterol 3.77 +/- 0.57 mmol/l, CIT group: mean plasma cholesterol 4.37 +/- 0.55 mmol/l, means +/- SD). Further, there were normal total plasma triglyceride values at the start of the study (CSII group: mean plasma triglyceride 0.86 +/- 0.23 mmol/l, CIT group: mean plasma triglyceride 0.84 +/- 0.26 mmol/l, means +/- SD). There were no alterations seen in total plasma cholesterol and total plasma triglyceride in either groups during a 9 months observation period. In the same period no changes in LDL and HDL levels were registered. The very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was separated into VLDL-1 and VLDL-2 by its binding to heparin-sepharose columns. It was found that CSII treatment for 9 months resulted in a decline in VLDL-2-triglyceride values (0.18 +/- 0.07 mmol/l before versus 0.10 +/- 0.07 mmol/l after, p less than 0.05, means +/- SD) which was not seen in the CIT group. Decline in VLDL-2-triglyceride might delay the development of late diabetic manifestations.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Autoantibodies in sera from patients with multiple sclerosis directed against antigenic determinants in pituitary growth hormone-producing cells and in structures containing vasopressin/oxytocin.

We have reported previously that autoantibodies in sera from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) were reactive with rat brain, including pituitary, and with swine pituitary in areas thought to contain peptides of the somatotropin family and/or vasopressin/oxytocin. We have now tested the same patient sera for their specificity to antigenic determinants which are common to animal and human peptides. Localization of the binding sites of the MS sera was demonstrated in rat pituitaries and brains using the double immunofluorescence staining method, employing anti-bovine somatotropin (STH), anti-ovine prolactin (PRL), anti-neurophysin I and II, anti-somatostatin, and anti-vasopressin as reference antibodies. In the pituitary, the positive MS sera reacted specifically with cells which were also reactive with anti-bSTH. In the brain, positivity of MS sera was mainly localized in structures reactive with anti-neurophysin I and II and anti-vasopressin. Absorption experiments, immunocytochemical model assays, and radioimmunoassays, however, did not show specific binding of the MS sera to any of the above-mentioned peptides. Therefore, while these data present additional evidence on the localization of the immunocytochemical reaction sites of the MS autoantibodies, they do not enable us to identify the specificity of these antibodies.

Animals↗