Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A MAURO.
The concept of an internal pressure gradient in a rigid porous membrane has been proposed as the basis for osmotic flow. The origin of the pressure in terms of the theory of the chemical potential implies also the existence of states of negative pressure, that is, tension. These states have been observed experimentally by means of a Hepp-type osmometer.
The radio frequency induction technique is now an important tool in physiological experiments and in the treatment of certain diseases. It has come to play an important role in the treatment of heart block in human patients, where medication has been ineffective. In the case of bladder stimulation, work with animals has shown that the voiding of urine can be induced by electrical stimulation. The successful use of this technique on human patients has yet to be consistently achieved, but there is reason to be optimistic.
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The two parameters usually invoked when discussing transport across membranes are the "diffusion permeability coefficient" and the "hydrodynamic permeability coefficient." In this study the magnitude of these two coefficients is established experimentally for collodion membranes of differing porosities. The hydrodynamic permeability is predominant while convergence of the two permeabilities tends to obtain as the membranes become less coarse. The flux data obtained are used to calculate "average pore diameter" and the meaningfulness of these calculations is interpreted. The relationship between the two coefficients and transport across membranes as treated by the system of irreversible thermodynamics is discussed.
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A realistic model of a fixed-charge membrane was constructed to elucidate the principles involved in the Teorell-Meyer-Sievers theory. Polyelectrolyte solutions (polystyrene sulfonic acid or gelatin) were used in a multicompartment cell to serve as the "membrane." The ionic concentration and potential differences between the compartments served as a finite increment approximation to a continuous membrane phase. The profiles obtained for a positively and negatively charged membrane gave striking support for the theory.
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