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Biomedical subjects

A MacRae

Publications and source records attributed to A MacRae.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Perceived stimulus complexity and food preference development.

The importance of perceived complexity, a "collative property" as defined by [Berlyne, D. E. (1967). Arousal and reinforcement. In Nebraska symposium on motivation (pp. 1-110). University of Nebraska Press], to the dynamic development of preference was investigated. Eighty-six female and 82 male subjects rated their liking for and various collative properties of seven very similar orange drinks that differed only in perceived complexity as a result of adding small quantities of other flavours. This was done before and after giving each subject extended experience of one of the drinks, each being used equally often for this purpose. As predicted by the theory of [Dember, W. N., & Earl, R. W. (1957). Analysis of exploratory, manipulatory and curiosity behavior. Psychological Review, 64 (2), 91-96] exposure to a stimulus with a slightly higher complexity than an individual subject's optimally preferred level of perceived complexity, caused an upwards shift in that level, whereas exposure to a less complex stimulus had no such effect. Changes in the appreciation of the drinks predicted by the theory were also observed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The model of functional deficits associated with hallucinations.

OBJECTIVES: The Model of Functional Deficits associated with hallucinations is used as part of the clinical documentation in the San Jose State University Psychosocial Occupational Therapy Clinic. On the basis of this model, hallucinations are classified according to functional deficits and whether the deficits are a result of the content or intrusiveness of the hallucinations. This classification is important because it helps occupational therapists know the full extent of the dysfunction through understanding the underlying pathology. The purpose of this classification is to assist in the development of clinical treatment plans that incorporate techniques for coping with hallucinations. METHOD: The sample included 39 clients seen in the clinic over a 4-year period. Student occupational therapists were responsible for documenting the classifications using the Model of Functional Deficits associated with hallucinations. The clients' charts were then reviewed retrospectively to classify the hallucinations according to the clients' functional deficits. The classification system ranged from Class 0, insufficient information, to Class VI, persistent hallucinations with profound functional deficits. With these classifications, interventions were planned with the clients in order for them to practice coping mechanisms (e.g., self-instruction, decreased stimulation, increased stimulation) to maintain function during their hallucinations. RESULTS: The findings indicated that 54% of the clients continued to experience hallucinations (i.e., Class II-Class V), although all received psychotropic medication, thus necessitating continuing therapeutic intervention. CONCLUSION: This model helps identify specific client experiences that can then be used to develop occupational therapy interventions.

Hallucinations↗
PubMed1993

Therapeutic use of humor in occupational therapy.

Interviews with five occupational therapists who use humor therapeutically in their practice were conducted and analyzed with a phenomenological method so that the lived experience of therapeutic humor use in occupational therapy could be examined. Sixteen themes were identified through data analysis: The Concept of Therapeutic Use of Humor; Spontaneous Versus Deliberate Humor; Humor, the Great Equalizer; Humor and Professionalism; Contraindications of Humor; Humor Among Co-Workers; Humor and Play; Humor and the Environment; Humor Providing Balance; The Intrinsic Quality of Humor; The Transformative Power of Humor; The Effects of Humor on the Subjects Themselves; Humor as an Evaluation and Treatment Tool; Humor as Therapeutic Use of Self; Humor as a Coping Mechanism; and Other Uses of Humor With Patients. This study revealed that the use of therapeutic humor in occupational therapy is a multifaceted phenomenon, much richer than had been previously presented in the literature.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Should music be used therapeutically in occupational therapy?

It has long been common knowledge that music profoundly affects human beings on a variety of levels. Occupational therapists have at their disposal a potentially powerful therapeutic tool, but the specific effects of this tool have not been documented. Occupational therapists have a history of using music in their treatment, probably to a greater extent than is documented in the literature. It would be advantageous for us to engage in research regarding the application of music to occupational therapy.

Arousal↗
PubMed1992

Culturally competent occupational therapy in a diversely populated mental health setting.

Cultural sensitivity is a crucial component of health care provision, particularly in psychiatric settings. As society becomes more multicultural, it is essential for occupational therapists to continue to develop cultural competence, which is defined in this paper as an awareness of, sensitivity to, and knowledge of the meaning of culture. At San Francisco General Hospital, an innovative multicultural model consisting of special focus programs is used. The key to the success of such programs is a culturally competent professional staff.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1984

Occupational therapy in a Medicare-approved home health agency.

The clinical and professional considerations of the occupational therapist in a Medicare-approved home health agency are discussed. These considerations include the effect of Medicare regulations on occupational therapy screening, evaluation, treatment, and discharge. An occupational therapy chart review was conducted to determine the diagnoses of patients, the duration of treatment, and the outcome of interventions. The results show that the majority of patients referred to an occupational therapist have more than one treatable diagnosis. The average duration of treatment is 7.25 visits per patient. The outcome of intervention shows that 79% of patients treated by occupational therapy were able to remain safely at home either independently or with assistance.

Activities of Daily Living↗