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Biomedical subjects

A Macfarlane

Publications and source records attributed to A Macfarlane.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Birth weight and hospital admission before the age of 2 years.

Admission rates to hospital of children born weighing 1500 g or less were compared with those born with birth weights over 1500 g in a retrospective analysis of routinely collected data from the Oxford Record Linkage Study. The children were born in the three five year periods 1968-72, 1974-8, and 1979-83 to women resident in Oxfordshire and West Berkshire. The main measures of the study were survival rates to 28 days after birth and hospital admissions of survivors up to the age of two years. Among babies weighing 1500 g or less, neonatal survival rates rose from 350.2 per 1000 total births in 1968-72 to 577.4 per 1000 among births in 1979-83. Over the same period, the proportion of children admitted to hospital at least once before the age of 2 years rose from 218.6 per 1000 survivors to 444.4 per 1000. In the children with birth weights over 1500 g, survival rates rose from 985.5 to 995.9 per 1000 births and hospital admission rates rose from 98.2 to 144.4 per 1000 survivors over the same time period. Although very low birthweight children did not contribute significantly to total hospital bed occupancy, because their numbers were small in relation to the total number of children in the population, their contribution increased between the five year periods 1968-72 and 1979-83. It should therefore be continuously monitored using routine systems.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1991

Lymphocyte proliferative responses to chlamydial antigens in human chlamydial eye infections.

In order to study the relationship between cell-mediated immune responses to Chlamydia trachomatis and the pathogenesis of human chlamydial eye disease, we have measured the peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferative responses to whole chlamydial elementary bodies in 40 subjects with oculogenital chlamydial infection of varying severity, 13 subjects with genital chlamydial infections and 12 healthy seronegative controls. The mean stimulation index was significantly higher in those with oculogenital infections than in controls. There was a strong correlation between the response to C. trachomatis serotypes B and L1. We studied the relationship between proliferative responses and four clinical parameters: follicular conjunctivitis, papillary hypertrophy, corneal pannus and epithelial punctate keratitis, but were unable to show a significant association with any of these. Nor was there any association between proliferative response and serum antibody titre to C. trachomatis (pooled serotypes D-K), duration of disease or quantitative isolation of chlamydia from the conjunctiva. The depletion of CD8+ cells had no consistent effect on proliferative responses to serotype L1 in 13 subjects.

CD8 Antigens↗
PubMed1991

How well are parent held records kept and completed?

During 1986 and 1987 parents in part of the Oxfordshire district health authority were given their child's health and development records while in the other part of the health district the records remained with the clinic. Between August 1988 and February 1989 an audit was made of a sample of parents attending child health clinics in the two areas: the study examined 284 parents who had parent held records and 168 who did not; how many records were available and if not, why not; how well and by whom records were completed and parents' views on who they felt should keep the record. Interviews revealed that parents with a parent held record liked the scheme and were confident about remembering to take the record to the clinic. Those without experience were less confident and more concerned about losing the record. At the time of the audit 7% of parent held records had been lost or forgotten, but 5% of clinic held records were not available for inspection. Overall, parent held records were more likely to have comments contributed by parents and to be more thoroughly completed by professionals. The results suggest that parent held records are not only workable but desirable.

Child↗
PubMed1978

Localisation of human speech by the newborn baby and the effects of pethidine ('meperidine').

Eight newborn babies were tested to see whether they could make discriminating headturn responses to the sound of a 9-second recording of a human voice coming from 15 degrees, 30 degrees and 80 degrees from the midline, from either the right or left side. The babies showed significant differences in response to sounds coming from the right and the left, and to sounds coming from 15 degrees and 80 degrees from the midline. Pethidine ('Meperidine') given to the mother during labour had a significant effect, both on degree of response and on the babies' apparent ability to localize sound.

Anesthesia, Obstetrical↗
PubMed1978

Controlled trials.

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Critical Care↗
PubMed1977

Daily mortality and environment in English conurbations. Air pollution, low temperature, and influenza in Greater London.

With the decline in concentrations of suspended particulate pollution in Greater London the association seen in the 1950s and early 1960s between daily mortality and air pollution in the conurbation is no longer apparent. Associations between unusually cold weather and short-term increases in mortality have been noted; there appears to be a tendency for influenza epidemics to follow cold spells.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1975

Olfaction in the development of social preferences in the human neonate.

Olfactory perception in the human neonate has been largely ignored. The present experiments examine the possibility that neonates can use smell to locate a food source and that they can differentiate between their own mother and another mother on the basis of smell. Head-turning to breast pads was used in perference tests. Although the neonate did not appear to be able to use smell to localize a food source, significantly more babies spent more time turning towards their own mother's breast pad than towards a clean breast pad at five days of age. By six days of age babies were showing a differential response between their own mother's breast pad and another mother's breast pad, although this differentiation was not present at two days of age.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dress sense.

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Adult↗