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Biomedical subjects

A Macmillan

Publications and source records attributed to A Macmillan.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a recombinant filamentous haemagglutinin from Bordetella pertussis.

Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough, a major childhood pathogen; acellular vaccines consisting of purified B. pertussis antigens such as filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA) are commonly used to prevent pertussis. Despite the importance of FHA in B. pertussis pathogenesis and its inclusion in most acellular vaccines, the functional importance of individual domains in the induction of protective immunity is largely unknown. In this study, we have purified a recombinant FHA protein from Escherichia coli consisting of a 42 kDa maltose binding domain of E. coli and the 43 kDa type I immunodominant domain of FHA. The fusion protein (Mal85) was purified from E. coli cell lysates via affinity chromatography with an amylose column. Mal85 was then delivered to BALB/c mice intranasally encapsulated in liposomes, formulated with Protollin(TM) or in conjunction with an immunostimulatory CpG oligonucleotide. Mice were also vaccinated intraperitoneally with alum-adsorbed Mal85. Sera from all treatment groups showed strong IgG responses to Mal85 and recognized native FHA. Specific salivary IgA was induced in mice vaccinated with Mal85 in liposomes, Protollin(TM) and delivered with CpG. Vaccination with Mal85 encapsulated in liposomes or formulated with Protollin(TM) provided protection against aerosol challenge with B. pertussis in BALB/c mice. These data indicate that the type I domain of FHA is a protective antigen in mice and may serve as a candidate for inclusion in new acellular pertussis vaccines.

Adhesins, Bacterial↗
PubMed2000

The peer relations of disruptive children with reference to hyperactivity and conduct disorder.

Literature reviews indicate that children with disruptive behaviour disorders have peer relationship problems, but little information is available concerning the differential effects of hyperactivity and conduct disorder on peer relationships. Using a database from North of England research, this paper uses standard frequency analysis complemented by multivariate analyses to explore the independent effects of pervasive hyperactivity and conduct disorder on the sociometry of peer relations among 7- to 8- and 11- to 12-year-olds. The findings suggest that (a) social isolation in 7-8-year-olds shows no significant association with hyperactivity. However there is a significant association with conduct disorder in 11-12-year-olds. (b) Rejection is not significantly associated with hyperactivity alone nor with conduct disorder alone in 7-8-year-olds. However, it is associated with a combination of hyperactivity and conduct disorder. In 11-12-year-olds rejection is associated with conduct disorder alone and with conduct disorder and hyperactivity in combination. It is also associated with low cognitive ability alone and in combination with conduct disorder. Overall, these findings provide some limited evidence of adverse sociometric responses to both hyperactivity and below average cognitive ability. However, in the at-risk samples analysed here, conduct disorder emerges as the most powerful independent predictor of isolation and rejection, and this is especially so among older children.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1997

Launching a palliative care homepage: the Edmonton experience.

The Internet, with its graphical subdivision, the World Wide Web (WWW). has become a powerful tool for the dissemination of information and for communication. This paper discusses the authors' experiences with creating, launching and maintaining an official publication on the Internet by the Edmonton Regional Palliative Care Program and the Division of Palliative Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada. It describes the content and format of the homepage and the process of publication. Over a six-month period there were 892 visits to the site and 84 separate items of correspondence to the site's editors. Of these correspondence items, 36 were requesting further information regarding clinical and other programme information. Sixty-nine of the 84 communications came from North America and Europe. The pattern of readership is briefly discussed as are some of the potential advantages and challenges when utilizing this electronic medium. To promote the dissemination of reliable information on the Internet, the authors encourage other palliative care groups and organizations to publish on the WWW. The URL is http:/(/)www.palliative.org (previously http:/(/)www.caritas.ab.ca/approximately palliate).

Alberta↗
PubMed1994

A prospective comparison study between a butterfly needle and a Teflon cannula for subcutaneous narcotic administration.

To evaluate the hypothesis that subcutaneous sites initiated with the Teflon cannula would have longer durations and be more comfortable for the patient than the butterfly needle, we performed a prospective randomized crossover trial to compare the 25-gauge butterfly needle to a Teflon cannula with a 26-gauge introducer needle and a 24-gauge cannula. The analysis of 20 patients showed that duration of the subcutaneous site was significantly longer with the Teflon cannula. Both patients and nurses preferred the Teflon cannula because it did not need to be changed as frequently. There was no difference reported in the level of comfort.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

The relevance of the multiple criterion screen to an adolescent population.

The 4th- and 5th-year pupils of four large comprehensive schools, which were broadly typical of the schools serving an urban population, were screened using a multiple criterion approach. The screen results were compared with those found in a younger population drawn from the same area, and a similar rate of efficiency was found. However, in the adolescent age group the screen was more accurate at detecting true negative cases (specificity) but less able to identify true positive cases (sensitivity). Overall, the multiple criterion screen proved more efficient than a variety of single screen criteria, and the findings also suggest that certain screen measures used in adolescence may be more effective at identifying disturbed girls while others are more effective at identifying disturbed boys. This confirms the principle that the choice of screening instruments must be made with reference to their proposed use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Multple criterion screen for identifying secondary school children with psychiatric disorder: characteristics and efficiency of screen.

A multiple criterion screen was developed as part of a study which was designed to assess different types of intervention for school children with psychiatric disorder. The foremost requirement was that false positives be kept to a minimum, with selected children being unequivocally disturbed. Children were identified for treatment by the following measures: (a) teacher rating on the Rutter B2 Scale, giving a total score and subscores for neurotic and antisocial behaviour; (b) peer ratings on a sociometric measure, yielding isolation and rejection scores; and (c) self ratings on the Junior Eysenck Personality Inventory, specifically the neuroticism dimension. A weighting system was developed so that children could be selected on the basis of extreme scores on either teacher or self-rating measures alone, or by a combination of less extreme scores on more than one measure. The results are presented and discussed.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1977

Screening schoolchildren for high risk of emotional and educational disorder.

Junior schoolchildren were screened for high risk of emotional and educational disorder. The information was gathered from the school, using standard and objective tests. The multiple criterion screen employed, comprised: (a) classroom behaviour scale (Rutter B Scale), rated by teachers; (b) sociometric tests; choice of companions by classmates. From these, lack of positive choices was taken as a measure of isolation and a high rate of negative choices, as a measure of rejection; (c) Reading quotient of 75 or below on the Young Reading Test; (d) Absence from school for reasons considered by teachers to be trivial. The number of cases identified by the screening was found to be 322 children per thousand. They may be seen as representing a high risk rate. Using extreme scores as indicative of high risk, approximately 17 per cent of children were identified on the basis of the behaviour test; 12 per cent by the reading test; 9 per cent by the isolation test; 8 per cent by the rejection test and 3 per cent by the absenteeism test. Seventy per cent of the identified children were rated clinically as disturbed. Absenteeism identified the smallest percentage of cases and made the smallest independent contribution of identification. Isolation was not impressively related to neurotic or antisocial behaviour. The three important criteria, therefore, were behaviour, rejection and reading. Corrected disturbance rates for our population of 7-8-year-old children, including those not identified by the screen, were 6-8 per cent markedly maladjusted and 33-7 per cent somewhat maladjusted.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1973

Hidrocystoma.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cysts↗