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Biomedical subjects

A Maden

Publications and source records attributed to A Maden.

30 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

A survey of pre-arrest drug use in sentenced prisoners.

The paper presents the results of a retrospective, self-report survey of pre-arrest drug use in a representative sample of 1751 men serving a prison sentence. Reported drugs used were cannabis (34%), opiates (9%), amphetamine (9%) and cocaine (5%), including 1% 'crack' users. Pre-arrest injecting was reported by 11% of inmates, including 68% of all opiate users and 57% of amphetamine users. Drug dependence was reported by 11%, including 7% dependent on opiates, 2% on amphetamines and 1% on cocaine. Relative to other drugs, the figure for cocaine is higher than is suggested by a previous clinic survey. Pre-arrest cannabis use was reported by 54% of black prisoners and 34% of white. White prisoners are more likely to report use of 'hard' drugs, drug dependence and injecting, but this masks a higher rate of cocaine use by black prisoners. Opiate use varied between health regions, from 3% of prisoners in the West Midlands to 25% of those from the Mersey region. These findings have implications for service provision and for an understanding of cultural influences on illicit drug use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Treatment needs of prisoners with psychiatric disorders.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of psychiatric disorder and the treatment needs of sentenced prisoners in England and Wales. DESIGN: Population survey based on a 5% sample of men serving prison sentences. SETTING: Sixteen prisons for adult males and nine institutions for male young offenders representative of all prisons in prison type, security levels, and length of sentences. SUBJECTS: 406 young offenders and 1478 adult men, 404 and 1365 of whom agreed to be interviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: History of psychiatric disorder, clinical diagnosis of psychiatrist, and required treatment. RESULTS: 652 (37%) men had psychiatric disorders diagnosed, of whom 15 (0.8%) had organic disorders, 34 (2%) psychosis, 105 (6%) neurosis, 177 (10%) personality disorder, and 407 (23%) substance misuse. 52 (3%) were judged to require transfer to hospital for psychiatric treatment, 96 (5%) required treatment in a therapeutic community setting, and a further 176 (10%) required further psychiatric assessment or treatment within prison. CONCLUSIONS: By extrapolation the sentenced prison population includes over 700 men with psychosis, and around 1100 who would warrant transfer to hospital for psychiatric treatment. Provision of secure treatment facilities, particularly long term medium secure units, needs to be improved. Services for people with personality, sexual, and substance misuse disorders should be developed in both prisons and the health service.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Preliminary study of argon fluoride (193 nm) excimer laser trabeculectomy. Scanning electron microscopy at five months.

There is an increasing interest in the use of the excimer laser in ophthalmology, particularly in refractive surgery. The argon fluoride (193 nm) excimer laser ablates tissue with a high degree of precision and without any mechanical or thermal damage to surrounding structures. In this study, the argon fluoride excimer laser was experimentally used in the rabbit model to perform a trabeculectomy. Clinical and scanning electron microscopic evaluations showed a successful and patent filtering procedure. At the five-month follow-up the trabeculectomy was smooth and regular and there was no evidence of inflammation or thermal damage on the surrounding structures.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Acute onset transient ectropion associated with corneal ulcer.

We report a case of transient ectropion associated with corneal ulcer. The corneal ulcer responded well to treatment with fortified gentamicin and cefazolin. As the corneal ulcer healed, the eyelid simultaneously returned to its original position. We suggest that in the presence of involutional eyelid changes, even a minimal additional factor, such as conjunctival edema and blepharospasm, may cause transient ectropion.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Posterior chamber lens implantation techniques in posterior capsular rupture.

PURPOSE: To evaluate posterior chamber lens implantation techniques and their results in patients in whom posterior capsular rupture and zonular dialysis arose during cataract operation. METHODS: Forty-three cataractous eyes of 43 consecutive patients with complicated cataract operations such as posterior capsular rupture or zonular dialysis were accepted into this prospective study between November 1999 and January 2001. Intraocular lens implantation to ciliary sulcus was achieved without sutures in 19 cases (Group 1), with one suture from 12 o'clock quadrant in 14 cases (Group 2), and with two sutures from 3 to 9 o'clock quadrants in 10 cases (Group 3). Patients were followed up for 3 months after operation and evaluated for best-corrected visual acuity, refractive astigmatism, corneal edema, anterior chamber depth and inflammation, synechia at angle, intraocular pressure, lens tilt and decentration, intraocular hemorrhage, cystoid macular edema, and retinal detachment. RESULTS: There was no difference among groups in best-corrected visual acuity, refractive astigmatism, corneal edema, anterior chamber depth and inflammation, intraocular pressure, lens tilt and decentration, cystoid macular edema, or retinal detachment. Anterior chamber and vitreous hemorrhage and peripheral anterior synechia were significantly higher in Group 3 when compared with Group 1 (p = 0.009, p = 0.009, and p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: In all cases with posterior capsular rupture and zonular dialysis, different posterior chamber lens implantation techniques could be performed, beginning with the least invasive procedure suitable for the conditions with the least complications.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unilateral refractive keratotomy for anisometropia.

BACKGROUND: In anisometropia, the asymmetry of refractive error produces disparity of image magnification (aniseikonia) that can create visual discomfort, especially when asymmetry is 3.00 diopters or more. METHODS: A prospective study of 20 eyes of 20 patients between 18 and 61 years of age who underwent unilateral radial and/or transverse keratotomy was conducted; results of at least 12 months follow-up are presented. The efficacy of keratotomy was evaluated by the following criteria: 1) change in spherical and cylindrical refraction, 2) decrease in refraction difference between two eyes of each patient, 3) change in spectacle-corrected visual acuity, and 4) change in binocular vision functions and asthenopic complaints. RESULTS: Mean decrease in spherical refractive error was 3.66 +/- 1.58 D (range, 1.25 to 7.50 D) and 2.08 +/- 0.81 D (range, 1.00 to 3.50 D) in astigmatic refraction. The mean refraction difference between two eyes was 4.90 +/- 2.20 D preoperatively, and this difference regressed to 1.79 +/- 1.42 D postoperatively. Spectacle-corrected visual acuity increased in seven eyes (35%), remained the same in 12 eyes (60%) and decreased in one eye (5%). All patients reported relief of asthenopic complaints. Fusion amplitudes increased in 12 (60%) patients. Stereoscopic vision improved in five (25%) patients. CONCLUSION: Monocular refractive keratotomy can significantly decrease anisometropia.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Quantitative analysis of corneal excisions using argon fluoride excimer laser (193 nanometers)].

Excimer lasers represent a new and distinctive class of laser-tissue interaction termed photoablation. They can ablate materials with a high degree of precision and minimal damage to surrounding structures. The argon Fluoride excimer laser, which offers the possibility of non-contact corneal cutting, has a potential for clinical application of keratorefractive surgery. Since each pulse of excimer laser etches some amounts of tissue from the cornea, the repetitive pulses focused to a narrow line can create linear excisions. In this study, a quantitative analysis of both depth and width of corneal excisions was made on cadaver eyes at a given fluence (600 mj/cm2) and a constant repetitive rate (20Hz). The amount of ablation per pulse was not constant and the excisional depth did not show a linear correlation with pulse numbers. Both the depth and width of transversal excisions were more homogenous than those of radial excisions along the entire length of ablation.

Cornea↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk assessment in psychiatry.

Risk assessment is part of an ongoing process of risk management, involving treatment interventions and reassessments by the multidisciplinary team. It requires monitoring and supervision over a long period, with the level of input varying according to clinical need at the time. Adherence to the principles of good clinical practice avoids most pitfalls in the management of risk.

Dangerous Behavior↗