PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Malmejac

Publications and source records attributed to A Malmejac.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Cholesterolemia and total, cardiovascular and cancer mortality. Study of a cohort of 220,000 people].

The distribution of cholesterolemia and their relationship to total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cancer mortality were studied in a population of 125,513 men and 96,301 women, aged 16-90. Cholesterolemia in the population increases with age, up to age 50-60 for men and 60-70 for women. Beyond these ages, cholesterolemia decreases very significantly for men and moderately for women. Upon global examination of the entire population, the relationship between cholesterolemia and total mortality is observed as a U-shaped curve. The relationship with cancer mortality is slightly negative in men and appears as a U-shaped curve in women. The relationship with cardiovascular mortality in men is strongly positively correlated when adjusted for body mass index, blood pressure, tobacco consumption, gamma GT, and age. This relationship is not significant in women. There is a significant interaction in the relationship between cholesterolemia and mortality in men for weight, body mass index, vital capacity, maximum expiration volume per second, tobacco consumption, urea, serum albumin, hematocrit, hemoglobin, alkaline phosphatases, gamma GT, red cell volume, and sedimentation rate. Age is a fundamental variable to take into account. Thus, in men under 50 years of age at the time of inclusion, the relationship between cholesterolemia and total mortality shows a positive tendency, and the relationship with cardiovascular mortality is strongly positive. In men over 65 years of age, these relationships are negative. The same tendencies exist for cancer mortality. The reasons for these negative relationships may be related to the decreased cholesterol levels in subjects with malnutrition or diseases (essentially hepatic diseases); this is especially true in older subjects. These data push for additional in-depth analysis of these relationships and interactions, according to age categories and detailed causes of mortality. They also reinforce the idea that, in some patients, low cholesterolemia appears to be a marker for predisposition or the result, but not a cause, of cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Relations of cardiovascular risk factors to aortic pulse wave velocity in asymptomatic middle-aged women.

Cross-sectional associations between aortic elasticity assessed by carotid to femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and cardiovascular risk factors were examined in 429 apparently healthy middle-aged women. PWV was strongly and positively related to blood pressure and hypertension. Weak but significant positive associations were also found between PWV and age, heart rate, some lipids and lipoproteins, blood glucose (either as a continuous or dichotomous variable), body mass index, haematocrit, leucocyte count and family history of diabetes. No associations were observed between PWV and high density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, fibrinogen, cigarette smoking, menopausal status and a family history of hypertension or myocardial infarction. After adjustment for systolic blood pressure, PWV remained significantly related to heart rate, leucocyte count, blood glucose (as a dichotomous variable) and a family history of diabetes. Multiple regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure and, to a lesser extent, heart rate, leucocyte count and a family history of diabetes were all independent determinants of PWV. This pattern of associations suggests that arterial stiffness measured by PWV reflects the sclerotic rather than the atherotic component of atherosclerosis. The potential influence of a family history of diabetes on the elastic properties of the aorta needs to be ascertained in further studies.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1993

Longitudinal associations between plasma viscosity and cardiovascular risk factors in a middle-aged French population.

A recent prospective study has suggested that increased plasma viscosity may be associated with higher risk of coronary heart disease. A longitudinal approach was used to investigate associations between plasma viscosity and conventional risk factors in an apparently healthy French population aged 45-56 years (637 men and 431 women) over a 2-year follow-up period. In univariate analysis, change in plasma viscosity was significantly related to changes in smoking status, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, gamma glutamyl transferase (gamma GT), body mass index and triglycerides only in men, and to changes in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and apolipoprotein (apo) B in both sexes. Change in plasma viscosity was also significantly associated with changes in fibrinogen and hemoglobin levels in both sexes. No association was found with age, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol or apo A1 in both sexes, or with changes in smoking and menopausal status in women. In multiple stepwise regression analysis, independent determinants of change in plasma viscosity were changes in smoking status, systolic blood pressure, gamma GT, total cholesterol, fibrinogen and hemoglobin in men, and changes in fibrinogen and apo B in women. These results strengthen the hypothesis that increased plasma viscosity may be one of the mechanisms linking conventional risk factors to the risk of cardiovascular disease and suggest that its decrease may be obtained by appropriate life-style changes.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Factor VII activation and menopausal status.

The incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) is higher in postmenopausal or oophorectomised women than in premenopausal women of the same age. The difference cannot be explicable in terms of conventional CHD risk factors. Since factor VII may be relevant to the pathogenesis of CHD, we have investigated the menopause-related changes in factor VII activation in 228 healthy women aged 45-54 years. A standard factor VII clotting assay (FVIIc) and a factor VII antigen assay (FVIIag) were carried out on the same plasma samples. Both FVIIc and FVIIag levels were significantly higher in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women. Despite the strong correlation between the two assays (r = 0.80), the FVIIc/FVIIag ratio was positively and significantly associated with the menopause, suggesting that activated factor VII form might in part account for the high FVIIc levels in postmenopausal women. With respect to the type of menopause, the highest levels of both FVIIc and FVIIc/FVIIag ratio were found in women having undergone bilateral oophorectomy. These results suggest that raised factor VII coagulant activity may contribute to an increased risk of CHD in postmenopausal women.

Antigens↗
PubMed1990

Menopause-related changes in lipoproteins and some other cardiovascular risk factors.

Changes in lipids, lipoproteins and other cardiovascular risk factors associated with the occurrence of menopause have been examined in a cross-sectional study of 435 healthy white women, aged 45-54 years not using sex hormones. Univariate analysis showed that total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, systolic blood pressure and fibrinogen were significantly higher in post menopausal women than in premenopausal women. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure and blood glucose did not change with menopausal status. After controlling for the effects of confounding variables (age, body mass index and smoking status), total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B and systolic blood pressure remained significantly increased in postmenopausal women as compared with premenopausal women. Our findings add to epidemiological evidence that menopause adversely affects the lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and thus, may increase the risk of coronary heart disease.

Coronary Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Risk factors for early carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged French women.

The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and of its risk factors was examined in 517 apparently healthy French women, aged 45-54 years. Early phases of carotid atherosclerosis were assessed by B-mode ultrasonography. An intimal-medial thickening was found in 30.4% of the women and atheromatous plaques in 8.7%. The prevalence rate of carotid atherosclerosis increased with age, smoking, and postmenopausal status. However, after adjustment for the effect of age, postmenopausal women did not have more atherosclerotic lesions than did premenopausal women. No significant associations were found between carotid atherosclerosis and triglyceride, apolipoprotein A-I, body mass index, blood glucose, fibrinogen, plasma viscosity, or hematocrit. The mean age-adjusted levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures significantly increased with the severity of carotid atherosclerosis, whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased. Multiple regression analysis showed that age, smoking, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (or apolipoprotein B), and systolic (or diastolic) blood pressure were significantly and independently related to the severity of carotid atherosclerosis. In conclusion, the association of early carotid lesions with major cardiovascular risk factors suggests that carotid atherosclerosis may be used as a marker of the general atherosclerotic process.

Age Factors↗