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Biomedical subjects

A Manabe

Publications and source records attributed to A Manabe.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Comparative effects of two forms of gamma-oryzanol in different sterol compositions on hyperlipidemia induced by cholesterol diet in rats.

Hypolipidemic effects of the usual gamma-oryzanol (gamma-OZ) and a new gamma-OZ (N-gamma-OZ) with a different sterol composition from gamma-OZ were investigated on the hyperlipidemia induced by ingestion of a high cholesterol diet (HCD) containing 1% cholesterol for 12 days in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Treatment with gamma-OZ for 6 days significantly inhibited the increase in serum total cholesterol (TC) and phospholipids (PL) induced by HCD, while the treatment with gamma-OZ for 12 days did not inhibit the increase of TC and PL. Treatment with N-gamma-OZ at 100 or 1000 mg/kg for 6 days slightly inhibited the increase of TC by HCD. The decrease of TC in high density lipoprotein (HDL-TC) was markedly inhibited by treatment with N-gamma-OZ for 12 days, but N-gamma-OZ for 6 days and gamma-OZ for 6 and 12 days did not inhibit the decrease of HDL-TC. Treatment with N-gamma-OZ for 12 days significantly inhibited the increase of PL and free cholesterol (FC) by HCD. gamma-OZ at 1000 mg/kg for 12 days also inhibited the increase of FC. N-gamma-OZ significantly reduced the atherogenic index using TC and HDL-TC by affecting the HDL-TC increase. gamma-OZ at 100 mg/kg and N-gamma-OZ at 100 mg/kg for 6 days reduced the atherogenic index using TC and HDL-TC by the inhibition of TC increase. The atherogenic index using PL and HDL-PL was only reduced by the treatment with N-gamma-OZ at 1000 mg/g for 12 days. The increase of triglyceride (TG) by HCD was inhibited by the treatment of N-gamma-OZ for 6 days (all doses) and 12 days (500, 1000 mg/kg), and gamma-OZ at 500 mg/kg for 6 and 12 days also inhibited the increase of TG by HCD. gamma-OZ and N-gamma-OZ had no effects on liver lipid contents. The hypolipidemic effect of N-gamma-OZ was slightly more potent than that of gamma-OZ.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effects of essential oils on erythrocytes and hepatocytes from rats and dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine-liposomes.

The effect of essential oils, eugenol, thymol and menthol, on erythrocytes, hepatocytes, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC)-liposomes and surface tension were studied at various concentrations. Maximal inhibition of eugenol, thymol and menthol on the hypotonic hemolysis in rat erythrocytes were observed at a concentration of 2 mM, 1 mM and 1 mM, respectively. Eugenol at 4 mM and thymol at 2 mM caused an acceleration of hypotonic hemolysis. In isolated rat hepatocytes, thymol caused an increase in GOT leakage, but eugenol at 4 mM and menthol at 0.1 and 0.4 mM inhibited the GOT leakage. The leakage of GPT from hepatocytes was inhibited by eugenol at 0.1 mM and 0.4 to 4 mM and menthol at 0.1 to 0.6 mM. The inhibition of eugenol and menthol on the LDH leakage in hepatocytes were observed at a concentration of 0.001 to 4 mM and 0.1, 0.4 and 0.6 mM, respectively. Thymol caused no change in GPT and LDH leakage. Eugenol, thymol and menthol indicated a depression of surface tension at a concentration of 0.1 mM. The rank by order of surface activity was eugenol greater than thymol. Eugenol, thymol and menthol depressed the phase-transition temperature of DPPC-liposomes. The depression of phase-transition temperature by thymol was greater than that by eugenol and menthol. These results suggest the periapical tissue damage produced by essential oils may be related to membrane lysis and surface activity and that their tissue penetration may be related to membrane affinity and lipid solubility.

1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine↗
PubMed1986

Cystic brain lesion in utero.

Two autopsy cases of cystic brain lesion in utero are reported. One of them was a donor infant of twin transfusion syndrome. The baby died immediately after birth and showed multicystic encephalomalacia in the distribution of the anterior cerebral artery. The second baby was a stillborn infant with thanatophoric dwarfism with associated chronic periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). It was suggested that the multicystic encephalomalacia and chronic PVL found in the first and second cases were caused by persistent circulatory disturbances in utero.

Cysts↗
PubMed1985

[Effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on rat erythrocytes, isolated hepatocytes and dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC)-liposomes].

The effects of antiarrhythmic drugs, aprindine, mexiletine and lidocaine, on rat erythrocytes, isolated rat hepatocytes and DPPC-liposomes were studied at various concentrations. Maximal inhibition of aprindine on the hypotonic hemolysis was observed at a concentration of 2 X 10(-4) M. In isolated rat hepatocytes, aprindine caused an increase in GOT leakage above 4 X 10(-4) M. Mexiletine and lidocaine caused a slight decrease in GOT. Only aprindine caused an increase in LDH leakage above 2 X 10(-4) M. In the relationship between the surface tension and pH conditions (pH 5.7, 7.4 and 8.0), aprindine and mexiletine indicated a depression of surface tension at a dose of 10(-4) M to 10(-3) M under all pH conditions. Lidocaine indicated a depression of surface tension at a dose of 10(-4) M at pH 8.0 only. Aprindine and mexiletine depressed the phase transition temperature (Tc) of DPPC-liposomes. The depression of Tc by aprindine was greater than that by mexiletine. The rank by order of surface activity was the same as that of enzyme leakage from hepatocytes, hemolysis of erythrocytes and depression of Tc in DPPC-liposomes in vitro. These results suggest that differences in membrane damage produced by antiarrhythmic drugs may by related to surface activity, which in turn may determine the extent of adsorption onto cell membranes.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Effect of indomethacin on stretch-induced uterine activity in the post-partum.

The uterus at 48 hours after normal delivery was mechanically stretched by the intra-uterine application of an inflated rubber balloon. Inauguration of regular and marked uterine activity was noted subjectively in all 16 healthy subjects and recorded by an external tocometer. The inaugurated uterine activity was significantly suppressed by the rectal application of 100 mg of indomethacin (p less than 0.01), but was not abolished entirely. The uterine activity ceased gradually with the discontinuation of stretching. These results strongly indicate that the purely stretch-induced uterine contractions are mediated by prostaglandins (PGs) which are released by stretching and/or thereby induced uterine contractions. In this study the possible source of PGs appeared to be by the myometrium itself.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Nelaton catheter in non-gravidas for a safe and gradual cervical softening and dilatation: a possible involvement of prostaglandins.

A short Nelaton catheter (No. 7 or 8; diameter: 4.5 or 5 mm) was inserted for 24 hours in the uterine cervix in 89 non-gravidas, including 67 nulliparas. Patients were distributed in four groups depending on the purpose of cervical dilatation: I.U.D. insertion (n = 16), diagnostic curettage (n = 37), hysteroscopy (n = 12), and insertion of radiation applicator in uterine cancer (n = 24). Comparative studies with a smaller number of patients (n = 18) were also performed with a laminaria tent prior to study of the Nelaton catheter. In both the Nelaton and laminaria groups, significant cervical softening and dilatation of the cervix was attained in all cases. After treatment, a Hegar dilator No. 6 to 10 (diameter: 6.5 to 8.8 mm) could be inserted easily without resistance and without the necessity for anesthesia in either group. In the Nelaton catheter group, the tigher the catheter in the cervical canal upon insertion, the higher was the efficiency. The overall efficiency of the Nelaton catheter did not differ significantly from that of laminaria. The Nelaton catheter had several advantages over that of laminaria. No serious side-effects were encountered during the use of the Nelaton catheter compared with laminaria. This simple device proved to be useful as a convenient clinical instrument, particularly in the field of fertility control and for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes of intra-uterine abnormalities. The possible involvement of prostaglandins in the mechanism of action of the catheters is discussed.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1982

F prostaglandin levels in amniotic fluid during balloon-induced cervical softening and labor at term.

Mechanical stretching of the uterus was applied to seven term patients not in labor with unripe cervix by means of intra-uterine application of a rubber balloon. Significant cervical softening, and initiation and progress of labor was achieved in all cases. Serial analyses of the F prostaglandins (PGF) in amniotic fluid were performed before and at given intervals of cervical dilatation. Before the application of stretch, the levels of PGF varied greatly: the values in 5 cases were measureable but low (less than 645 pg/ml) and in two cases the levels were below the sensitivity of the assay (less than 50 pg/ml). Large fluctuations of the levels were noted in many cases during the treatment. However, the rise of the PGF values was significant with the progress of cervical dilatation compared to the pre-treatment values (P less than 0.05 at both 3-4 and 5-6 cm, and P less than 0.01 at 9-10 cm). It was concluded that the increased release of PGF in amniotic fluid is mediated by uterine stretching, and that upon being released PGF is probably involved in the cervical softening an progress of labor.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1982

Uterine activity and placental histology in abortion at mid-trimester by rivanol and catheter.

Artificial abortions were performed on 7 patients during mid-pregnancy by intra-uterine instillation of 0.1% rivanol and catheters. The changes in uterine contractility during the treatment were monitored continuously by intra-amniotic pressure recording. Uterine activity developed a gradual but steady increase and abortion was completed within 22 to 47 hours. A significant increase in uterine contractility started after a lag of several hours. Neither hypertonus nor hyperactivity was noted during the treatment. The fetus was delivered unaffected in all cases. The placentas delivered showed normal histological integrity, and an autoradiographic study established the viability of trophoblasts. These results suggest that the abortive effect of rivanol and catheter on the uterus and placenta is different from that induced by other chemicals.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1981

Nelaton catheter versus laminaria for a safe and gradual cervical dilatation.

During the first trimester of abortion, the Nelaton catheter can be used for the gradual, safe softening and dilatation of the cervix, just as the laminaria. Based on the results obtained from more than 1000 cases, we reached the conclusion that the effectiveness of cervical softening by the Nelaton catheter is almost equal to the laminaria and its efficiency in the dilatation of the cervix is similar or slightly inferior to the laminaria. In addition, this simple device had less risks when compared to those associated with laminaria. Therefore, the Nelaton catheter appears to be as effective as the laminaria for a safe and gradual cervical dilatation.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1981

Abortion during mid-pregnancy by rivanol-catheter supplemented with PGF2 alpha drip-infusion or quinine hydrocholoride.

Abortion during mid-pregnancy was performed in 200 patients by extra-amniotic insertion of Nelaton catheters and instillation of 0.1% rivanol solution. To shorten the abortion time, quinine hydrochloride was given orally in one group (n=100), and intravenous infusion of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) was undertaken in the other group (n=100). The abortion rate after 72 hours was higher in the PGF2 alpha group (96%) than that in the quinine group (91%), but the difference was not statistically significant. The abortion time was significantly shorter in the PGF2 alpha group than in the quinine group (p less than 0.01). This method, together with supplementary treatment with oxytocic substances, proved to be an effective mid-pregnancy abortion method. The risks of endometritis, gastro-intestinal complications, and/or heavy bleeding either during or post-abortive were minimal.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1981

Plasma concentrations of oestrone, oestradiol, oestriol and progesterone during mechanical stretch-induced abortion at mid-trimester.

Plasma levels of unconjugated oestrone, oestradiol, oestriol and progesterone were serially studied in six uncomplicated patients in the mid-trimester of pregnancy before and during abortion induced by purely mechanical stretching of the uterus by laminaria and rubber balloon. Variability of these hormonal levels among patients was significant before the treatment. In four cases where the fetus was aborted alive, the plasma value of these hormones remained at a high level during the treatment with the exception of oestriol level in one case. In two early mid-trimester cases the fetus died during the treatment and plasma oestriol dropped significantly, while the level of the other hormones remained raised until fetal delivery. In these two cases the apparent onset of labour was noted before fetal death. It was concluded that the onset and progress of labour by mechanical stretching of the uterus is probably unrelated to the steroid hormones estimated in the present study.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1981

Abortion at midpregnancy by catheter or catheter-balloon supplemented by intravenous oxytocin and PGF2 alpha.

Abortion during midpregnancy was performed in 80 patients by mechanical stretching of the uterus. In one group (n = 40) two Nelaton catheters and in the other group (n = 40) a Nelaton catheter with a small balloon attached to its end were inserted in the extra-amniotic space. In the latter group the balloon was inflated with 150 or 200 ml of physiologic saline solution. In both groups the patients were subdivided into early (n = 20) and late midterm groups (n = 20). In all cases oxytocin plus prostaglandin F2 alpha drip infusion was given as a supplement. Abortion time was significantly shorter in the catheter-balloon group than that in the catheter group (p less than 0.005), and in the late midterm group than in the early midterm group (p less than 0.01). The risk of endometritis during treatment with chemoprophylaxis was low. X-ray studies revealed that the catheter stimulates various unspecified regions of the uterus, elevates its excitability, and causes regular uterine contractions.

Abortion, Induced↗