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Biomedical subjects

A Mansat

Publications and source records attributed to A Mansat.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Clinical and biological characteristics of infertile men with a history of cryptorchidism.

Out of 85 fertile and 1014 infertile men, two (2.4%) and 95 (9.4%) respectively had a history of cryptorchidism. Thus cryptorchidism appears to be a risk factor for fertility since this difference was significant. Further comparisons showed that the volume of a former cryptorchid testis was smaller than the contralateral normally descended one and that sperm output/concentration was more impaired in bilateral than in unilateral cryptorchidism. A retractile testis, defined as a testis reported by the patient to be spontaneously and regularly, i.e. at least once a week, ascending up into a supra-scrotal position, was more frequent in infertile men with a history of cryptorchidism than in fertile men. Retractility was more frequent on the cryptorchid side, and was found more frequently after hormonal than after surgical treatment. Independently of all epidemiological and clinical parameters studied, retractility was associated with a lower sperm output. Among the infertile men with a history of cryptorchidism, 45% had an abnormally high scrotal temperature. This abnormal temperature represented a pejorative risk factor for fertility in this group, since it was associated with a more severely impaired spermatogenesis and a higher incidence of primary infertility than in infertile men with a history of cryptorchidism but normal scrotal temperatures.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Role and contribution of karyotyping in male infertility].

In the context of the aetiological investigation of male infertility, the authors stress the place and the contribution of blood karyotype testing in the light of their personal experience based on 1,612 subjects. This examination has an important place, as about 15% of azoospermic subjects and 6 to 7% of subjects with oligospermia less than 10 million spermatozoa per ml, either alone or in combination with other abnormalities of the semen examination, present a congenital chromosomal abnormality. A remarkable constancy of the results was observed according to identical recruitment criteria. The contribution of this examination is also important: the medical and psychological value of detecting the cause of azoospermia, genetic counselling and antenatal chromosomal diagnosis for non-azoospermic subjects with an equilibrated structural abnormality, in whom treatment allows a chance of procreation, genetic counselling for the family of these subjects in order to prevent the appearance of a chromosomally abnormal infant. In conclusion, the authors argue in favour of the routine use of this test in all infertile subjects with at least isolated oligospermia less than 10 million spermatozoa per ml.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of the incidence of Ureaplasma urealyticum in infertile men and in donors of semen.

569 infertile patients and 75 fertile men (donors of semen) were included in our study from 1985 to 1987. We compared the frequency of Ureaplasma urealyticum in semen specimens in these two groups: 40 infertile men (7%) and 4 donors of semen (5.3%) had U. urealyticum in semen cultures. This difference was not statistically significant. We concluded that U. urealyticum was not more frequent in infertile than in fertile men. We also report the results of semen cultures for other bacteria and the parameters of routine semen analysis in these two groups. All infertile patients infected by U. urealyticum were treated with doxycycline: the infection was eradicated in 77.5% of them.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Testicular size in infertile men: relationship to semen characteristics and hormonal blood levels.

Testicular volume was assessed in 1029 infertile men and found to be normal in 704; 71 patients had unilateral and 213 had bilateral testicular hypotrophy; 4 had unilateral and 37 had bilateral atrophy. Sperm count and motility decreased in accordance with testicular volume. The lowest mean sperm counts and lowest mean motility percentages were found in patients with bilateral testicular atrophy. An increase in mean FSH and LH was also significantly linked to decreasing testicular volume; the increase in the former was not related to a drop in sperm count. A significant correlation was found between testicular volume and spermatogenesis and testicular volume is considered to be a reliable indicator of testicular function.

Follicle Stimulating Hormone↗
PubMed1989

[The course of 203 superficial urothelial malignant tumors of the bladder during conservative treatment].

The authors present a total of 203 patients with histologically proven superficial bladder transitional cell cancer. Patients without recurrence had a follow-up longer than 12 months. The mean follow-up from the time of diagnosis was 35 months +/- 27 (standard deviation). Transurethral resection was not systematically followed by intravesical therapy. The following drugs were used: thiotepa, doxorubicin, BCG and rarely mitomycin C. Although BCG was generally used after failure of thiotepa or doxorubicin, it achieved the best results. 13 patients had a total cystectomy (6.4%). Patients without complete remission had a higher percentage of high grade and stage T1 tumors than patients without recurrence (the difference was statistically significant). The same applied to mortality: it was statistically more frequent in the first group than in the second group of patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Glycerophosphocholine in seminal plasma of fertile and infertile men.

Glycerophosphocholine (GPC) was measured in seminal plasma from 65 fertile men, 276 infertile men and 10 men before and after vasectomy, using a new enzymatic method. Extra-epididymal excretion of GPC accounted for 30% of the total seminal levels of GPC. From a diagnostic point of view, GPC determination did not appear to be a specific tool which could discriminate between secretory and excretory azoospermia. Although the seminal content of GPC was related positively to the total sperm count in both fertile and infertile men, there was an inverse relationship between the level of GPC and sperm motility when considering classes displaying the same total sperm count. This was observed in all classes from infertile men as well as in fertile men with a total sperm count lower than 200 x 10(6) sperm/ejaculate. These results suggest a possible role of GPC in the regulation of human sperm motility, which warrants further investigation.

Glycerylphosphorylcholine↗
PubMed1988

Simple, rapid enzymatic determination of glycerophosphocholine in human seminal plasma.

We have devised a new enzymatic determination of sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (GPC) in human seminal plasma. This is based on GPC hydrolysis by a phosphodiesterase (PDE), free choline being then determined by the choline oxidase method. The whole procedure involves a first incubation in the presence of choline oxidase and catalase, to eliminate the excess of choline present in seminal plasma (10-fold, compared with GPC). Absorbance and concentration are linearly related up to at least 100 nmol per assay, analytical recovery ranges between 89% and 105%, and intra- and interassay CVs are 3.2% and 5.6%, respectively, at the highest substrate concentration. Using this procedure, we found seminal plasma from 21 fertile men to contain 5.22 (SD 3.33) mumol per ejaculate--within the same range as previously reported values obtained chromatographically. After vasectomy, GPC in seminal plasma decreased to 28% of its original value, as determined in 10 volunteers. Thus this new method displays appropriate characteristics of specificity, reliability, and convenience, allowing its use in routine evaluation of male fertility.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1988

[Bilateral testicular Leydig cell tumor. Procedure to follow].

The authors report one case of a bilateral testicular Leydig cell tumor in a man of 29 years old. There are few cases of such tumors reported in the literature. Gynecomastia force the patient to consult his doctor. His hormonal profile is practically normal; however, the serum estradiol is at the limit superior of normal range, and serum testosterone at the limit inferior. Testicular palpation is normal. It is the scrotal ultrasonography which confirms the diagnosis of testicular tumor. The scrotal ultrasonography has to be performed in every patient with unexplained gynecomastia. There is no metastasis. Before the treatment, the sperm conservation is performed (his sperm is normal). Our surgical sequence for this man without children was the next one: 1. inguinal orchiectomy was performed at the side of bigger tumor. Histological diagnosis was the benign Leydig cell tumor; 2. one month later, an inguinal orchidotomy at the other side was performed and the tumor palpable of 9 mm was removed. The extemporaneous biopsy confirmed the same diagnosis as at the other side; 3. one year later, there is no metastasis and the woman of our patient becomes pregnant.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Evidence for the activation of phospholipases during acrosome reaction of human sperm elicited by calcium ionophore A23187.

Incubation of washed human sperm with [3H]- or [14C]arachidonic acid allowed a major incorporation of the label into phospholipids, provided that the final concentration of the fatty acid did not exceed 20 microM. A further challenge with calcium ionophore A23187 of spermatozoa suspended in a calcium-containing medium led to phospholipid hydrolysis, which could account for 10-12% of total cell radioactivity. Degradation products were identified as free, unconverted arachidonic acid, occurring with some diacylglycerol. Phospholipid hydrolysis was significant after 15 min of incubation and became maximal after 120 min. It was found to be calcium dependent, diacylglycerol and free arachidonate production occurring maximally at 2 mM and 5 mM CaCl2, respectively. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol were the most significantly degraded phospholipids after 60 min of incubation. Similar incubations conducted with 32P-labeled sperm confirmed the selective hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine and revealed an increase production of phosphatidic acid probably due to a phosphorylation of diacylglycerol. Under the same conditions, one third of the cells remained motile and electron microscopy revealed that acrosome reaction was completed in 40% of the cells and displayed an intermediary state in 40-50% of the spermatozoa. Furthermore, a good parallelism was observed between the extent of the acrosome reaction and the extent of phospholipid hydrolysis promoted by increasing concentrations of A23187. It is concluded that calcium entry into the cells activates both a phospholipase A2 and a phospholipase C, leading to the production of substances, like lysophospholipid, diacylglycerol or phosphatidic acid, which may or may not be involved in acrosome reaction.

Acrosome↗
PubMed1987

Association of scrotal hyperthermia with impaired spermatogenesis in infertile men.

Scrotal temperatures, testicular volumes, and sperm characteristics were studied in 150 infertile, nonazoospermic men and in 37 fertile men, used as a control group. The mean scrotal temperature values of the infertile men were significantly greater than those observed in the fertile men (+0.4 degrees C for the right; +0.5 degrees C for the left). In the infertile men, it was found that the higher the scrotal temperature, the more alterated the sperm characteristics. The only clinical element that seemed to be linked to the existence of scrotal hyperthermia in the infertile men was testicular hypotrophy. Although the scrotal temperatures of the infertile men with varicocele were significantly higher than those of the fertile men, they did not significantly differ from those of the infertile men without varicocele. No other specific pathologic factor, infectious or surgical urogenital history was found to be responsible for the scrotal hyperthermia observed in the infertile men.

Body Temperature↗
PubMed1987

Hyperthermia and human spermatogenesis: enhancement of the inhibitory effect obtained by 'artificial cryptorchidism'.

Decreased sperm count and motility were observed in men after induction of local testicular hyperthermia by raising the testicles into the inguinal canal during the day in adult volunteers. A similar technique in which the testicles were better maintained in the inguinal canal resulted in more marked suppression of spermatogenesis. As assessed by the total motile sperm count, the mean inhibitory effect of hyperthermia was at least 97% after 2 months using this technique. This effect of 'artificial cryptorchidism' may be of practical interest in the manipulation of male fertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Chromosome anomalies and male infertility. A study of 1,444 subjects].

Chromosomal anomaly was detected in 7.6% of a cytogenetic survey of 1,444 infertile male azoospermia or oligozoospermia with a sperm count below 20 million/ml. Anomalies are especially of the sex-chromosome and of autosomal robertsonian translocation type. Distribution of these subjects on account of the sperm count has pointed out an increase of chromosomal anomalies in inverse ratio to the sperm count.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1987

Effects of artificial cryptorchidism on sperm morphology.

In a diurnal artificial cryptorchidism (AC) experiment intended to provide a male contraceptive method, oligoasthenozoospermia was found as early as the fourth month, accompanied by an increase in the mean percentage of abnormally shaped spermatozoa. A detailed morphologic study concerning 19 volunteers exposed for 6 to 24 months demonstrated that the overall increase of the mean percentage of abnormally shaped spermatozoa resulted from the percentage increase of elongated, thin, and irregular heads and of bent tails. This increase is probably caused by the rise in environmental testicular temperature induced by AC. A return to baseline values was observed within 12 months after the end of the experiment.

Adult↗