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Biomedical subjects

A Manten

Publications and source records attributed to A Manten.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1982

Incidence of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim of Salmonella strains isolated in The Netherlands during 1975-1980.

From 1975-1980, about 130 000 Salmonella strains isolated from various sources were tested for resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim. Following the ban on incorporation of tetracycline in animal feeds for nutritive purposes, tetracycline resistance in S. typhimurium and S. panama strains of porcine origin dropped from about 90% in 1974 for both species, to about 34% and 1%, respectively, 1980. The incidence of resistance in human strains concurrently decreased from about 80% in 1974 to 25% and 1%, respectively, in 1980. The build-up of multiple resistance in bovine S. dublin and S. typhimurium strains, already started in 1973-74, has continued. Recently, phage type 193 S. typhimurium strains have become predominant and they are invariable resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, sulphonamide and trimethoprim. Up to now, type 193 strains were hardly encountered in human patients, but the number of human isolates is slowly increasing. A fairly large number of multiply resistant strains belonging to S. oranienburg, S. schwarzengrund, S. typhimurium and, recently, S. krefeld have been isolated from adoptive children from the Far East.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1981

Side effects of antibiotics.

A review of the side effects of antibiotics in human patients is presented. At least three classes of untoward reactions may be distinguished: development of drug hypersensitivity, toxicological hazards, and microbial effects such as emergence of drug resistance. The intrinsic toxicitiies of the oldest discoveries, penicillin, penicillin and sulphonamides, have turned out to be very low for most animals as well as for man. These agents interfere with specific synthetic pathways in bacteria which are absent in mammals. The antibiotics discovered next (streptomycin and other amino-glycosides; chloramphenicol; tetracyclines) have all been shown to display, under certain circumstances various types of sometimes serious toxicities. As with thalidomide, the nature of their toxic effects had not been predicted by animal experiments. The present set of medically optimum antibiotics has its origin largely in substances with a long medical tradition. They represent the result of close cooperation of medical and scientific men of various disciplines. For the near future it seems unlikely that antimicrobial drugs will enter human and animal environments while yet tainted with any of the unforeseen side effects revealed in the past. Admirable work very recently carried out in the Institute of professor van Genderen shows that he never lost interest in the group of drugs that he so successfully explored when he was still on the staff of the institute where he started his career.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Incidence of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin and tetracycline among Salmonella species isolated in the Netherlands in 1972, 1973 and 1974.

The resistance of Salmonellae to drugs has been studied in the Netherlands since 1958. In 1972, 1973, and 1974 respectively, 14241, 13086, and 22927 strains were tested for resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin and tetracycline. From 1973 all strains were also tested for resistance to trimethoprim. In the period covered, the yearly incidence of resistance to at least one of the above drugs ranged from 39.2% to 45.6% of all strains obtained from various sources (humans, animals, animal products, sewage, etc.). A new finding in the period 1972 to 1974 was that many multiply resistant strains emerged in S. typhimurium and in S. dublin isolated from calves and cattle. In 1974, 64.4% of all strains of S. typhimurium from these animals appeared to be resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol and kanamycin, and 25.5% of those of S. dublin were found to be resistant to chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Of all strains of Salmonellae examined in 1973 and 1974 respectively, 0.15% and 0.22% were resistant to trimethoprim, the main component of the twin-drug cotrimoxazol. Of the 142 strains of S. typhi isolated in 1972 to 1974 two were resistant to tetracycline only, and one was resistant to all four antibiotics. The others had a normal susceptibility pattern.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1971

An eleven-year study of drug resistance in Salmonella in the Netherlands.

From 1959 to 1969 a total of 123 070 strains of salmonellae, representing nearly all the strains that have been isolated from animals and man, were collected in the Netherlands and tested for antibiotic resistance.In the course of the study, only a few strains of S. typhi and S. paratyphi B were found to be resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, or tetracycline.From 1959 to 1966 there was a sharp increase in the prevalence of tetracycline resistance in both the human and the animal strains of S. typhimurium and S. panama; subsequently, however, the prevalence declined. During 1966-70 approximately one-third of the tetracycline-resistant human and animal strains of S. typhimurium were also resistant to ampicillin. This type of multiple resistance was only occasionally encountered in the other serotypes. In contrast to resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin, the incidence of S. typhimurium resistant to chloramphenicol remained low during the whole period of observation. In all other serotypes drug resistance remained at a low level.It is shown in this study that the greatly increased use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for medical and veterinary purposes and for animal feeding over the last decade in the Netherlands has not led to the development of serious drug resistance from the medical point of view. An important factor involved in the low incidence of resistance to chloramphenicol may be that R-factors in salmonellae usually lose this resistance determinant rapidly.In the Netherlands the annual mortality figures for all forms of salmonellosis decreased from 0.84 (per 100 000 inhabitants) in 1961 to 0.25 in 1969.

Ampicillin↗