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Biomedical subjects

A Markides

Publications and source records attributed to A Markides.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Background noise and lip-reading ability.

The main aim of this pilot experiment was to determine whether background noise affects the lip-reading ability of normally hearing people. Ten university students took part in a lip-reading test presented both in the quiet and with two types of competing noise. The first type of noise used was speech-shaped, continuous and with a steady intensity level. The second type was again continuous but with frequent and intermittent peaks of energy (classroom noise). It was found that the second type of noise had a significantly adverse effect on lipreading ability. Further experimentation with hearing-impaired subjects was suggested.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Changing systems of amplification.

This paper reports on the changing systems of amplification used by hearing-impaired children in the last decade (1977 to 1987). The major changes noted were in terms of ear-level v. body-worn hearing aids, monaural v. binaural hearing aids and FM-wireless v. hardwire group hearing aids (GHAs). There was an increase in the use of ear-level hearing aids, binaural hearing aids and FM-wireless hearing aids with a corresponding decrease in the use of body-worn hearing aids and hardwire GHAs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The use of individual hearing aids by hearing-impaired children: a long-term survey, 1977-1987.

This paper reports on the use of individual hearing aids by hearing-impaired children over a period of 10 years, from 1977 to 1987. During this period the hearing aids of 1853 children attending schools for the deaf, units for the partially hearing (PHUs) and ordinary schools were examined. The examination covered those parts of a hearing aid which a teacher of the deaf, without the use of sophisticated equipment, could reasonably be expected to check to ensure that they were functioning properly. Thirty-nine per cent (39%) of these children were using bodyworn aids, and the rest (61%) were using ear-level aids. There was a marked degradation of both bodyworn and ear-level hearing aid use with increasing age of the children and this was true for both boys and girls in schools for the deaf, PHUs and ordinary schools. The girls were making better use of their aids than the boys. Only very little difference in good hearing aid use was found between the children in schools for the deaf and those in PHUs. (Good use--bodyworn aids: schools for the deaf 43%, PHUs 44%; ear-level aids; schools for the deaf 56%, PHUs 58%). The poorest use of aids was associated with the hearing-impaired children attending ordinary schools (Good use--bodyworn aids 36%, ear-level aids 49%). Overall, only 43% of the children wearing bodyworn aids were making good use of them. The corresponding figure for ear-level aids was 54%. These findings are discussed and suggestions for improvements put forward.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Speech levels and speech-to-noise ratios.

This investigation was concerned with the speech levels of both teachers and pupils in schools for the deaf and in units for partially-hearing children (PHUs) and with the levels of background noise found in these establishments. Twelve classes in 5 schools for the deaf and 8 PHUs were included in this study. The average speech level of the teachers, measured at 2 metres distance, was 57.5 dBA (range, 40-70 dBA) and that of the pupils was 52.9 dBA (range, 45-67 dBA). The levels of background noise measured were unacceptably high varying from 44.6 dBA (average level of quasi-stationary noise) to 76.5 dBA (average level of short-duration noise). It was concluded that the acoustic environments prevailing in these schools and units were not conducive to good hearing aid use and suggestions for improvements were put forward.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Age at fitting of hearing aids and speech intelligibility.

This paper reports on the effect of age at fitting of hearing aids on subsequent achievements in speech intelligibility among hearing-impaired children. Four groups of hearing-impaired children were included in this investigation. Group A (n = 32) started using hearing aids in their first 6 months of life; Group B (n = 32) in their second 6 months of life; Group C (n = 38) in their second year of life and Group D (n = 51) in their third year of life. The children in each group were matched with regard to age, sex, age at onset of deafness, degree of hearing loss and educational establishment attended. The speech intelligibility of each child was rated by his/her class teacher on a 7-point scale. It was found that the speech intelligibility of the children in Group A was significantly superior to the speech intelligibility of the children in the other three groups. All other differences in speech intelligibility obtained between groups (Group B v. Group C v. Group D) were small and none proved to be statistically significant.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

The effectiveness of binaural hearing aids.

In the last ten years the findings of most published research into binaural hearing aids are undoubtedly in favour of two hearing aids as opposed to one. This paper summarizes and discusses the findings of one of these researches and puts forward practical guidelines for the selection of binaural hearing aids. The research in question was carried out at the Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, and it was supported by the Wates Foundation.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1982

Reactions to binaural hearing aid fitting.

This paper deals with a brief survey of the rated listening efficiency of three groups of people. Group A consisted of 10 normally hearing adults; Group B consisted of 9 hearing-impaired adults using monaural ear-level hearing aids and Group C consisted of 12 subjects using binaural ear-level hearing aids. They rated their listening efficiency of a six-point scale for 30 different everyday situations. The results highlighted the effectiveness of binaural hearing aids in facilitating the effectiveness of binaural hearing aids in facilitating speech reception and in enhancing localization ability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Binaural pitch-matching with interrupted tones.

The purpose of this paper was to ascertain and compare the binaural pitch-matching abilities of hearing and hearing-impaired people. Three groups of subjects, all adults ranging in age from 21 to 37 years, took part in this investigation. Group A consisted of 18 normal hearing people, Group B consisted of seven people with conductive hearing impairment and Group C consisted of nine people with sensorineural hearing impairment. Their mean binaural pitch-matching errors obtained at each one of the main speech frequencies (250-4000 Hz) were as follows: For the normal hearing group the mean pitch-matching errors varied from 1.57% at 2000 Hz to 2.31% at 4000 Hz. The corresponding values for the conductive group varied from 2.33% at 2000 Hz to 3.28% at 500 Hz. The sensorineural group exhibited mean binaural pitch-matching errors varying from 6.93% at 250 Hz to 14.62% at 1000 Hz. All mean error differences obtained between the sensorineural group and the other two groups of subjects were statistically significant at the 0.01 level. The differences between the normal hearing group and the conductive group did not prove to be statistically significant at the 0.01 level. The differences between the normal hearing group and the conductive group did not prove to be statistically significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

The effect of hearing aid use on the user's residual hearing. II. A follow-up study.

This paper reports on a follow-up study into the effect of hearing aid amplification on the residual hearing of 15 hearing-impaired children over a period of 6 years. The children, average age at the beginning of the study, 9.7 years (range 7.9--11.2 years), were using monaural commercial bodyworn hearing aids throughout this period with maximum acoustic outputs ranging from 116--136 dB SPL. The hearing levels of the children at 500 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz were ascertained both at the beginning of the investigation, at subsequent 6-monthly intervals for the first three years, at the end of the fourth year and at the end of the sixth year. It was found that the hearing acuity of the unaided ears showed slight "deterioration" in all frequencies tested.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1979

Aural rehabilitation of hearing-impaired adults (official policy of the British Society of Audiology).

This report, which outlines the official policy of the British Society of Audiology on the aural rehabilitation of hearing impaired adults, (a) estimates the prevalence of hearing impairment in adults in the United Kingdom; (b) identifies the main problems associated with hearing impairment in adults; (c) outlines the main aural rehabilitative procedures and (d) puts forward recommendations for future developments in this area.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The effect of content of initial instructions on the speech discrimination scores of hearing and hearing-impaired children.

This paper investigated the effects of content of initial instructions on the speech discrimination abilities of 8 groups of children (4 groups of hearing children; 4 groups of hearing-impaired children--N = 10 children in each group). The speech discrimination abilities of the children in each group were ascertained with the AB monosyllabic word lists following two modes of initial instructions. It was concluded that with monosyllabic word lists scored phonemically it is essential to instruct each listener to repeat not meaningful whole words but also everything else that he/she recognises, including words which do not make sense, or parts of the words or even single sounds. Failure to highlight in the initial instructions the phonemic aspects of scoring brings about significantly lower speech discrimination scores.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

The effect of hearing aid use on the user's residual hearing. A follow-up study.

This paper reports on a follow-up study into the effect of hearing aid amplification on the user's residual hearing. Four groups of deaf children; 18 in group A, 14 in group B, 15 in group C and 8 in group D were followed up for a period of four consecutive years. The children in group A and in group B were using monaural hearing aids throughout this period with maximum acoustic outputs ranging from 130-136 dB SPL and 116--128 dB SPL respectively. The children in group C were not using hearing aids during the first three years but during the fourth year they were monaurally fitted with similar hearing aids as those issued to children in group B. The children in group D were using binaural hearing aids during the first three years but in the fourth year they were restricted to only one hearing aid. The hearing aid levels of the children at 500, 1 000, 2 000 and 4 000 Hz were ascertained both at the beginning of the investigation, at subsequent 6-monthly intervals for the first three years and at the end of the fourth year. It was found that the hearing acuity of the hearing aided ears showed slight "improvement" during the investigation while the hearing acuity of the unaided ears showed slight "deterioration" in all frequencies tested.

Amplifiers, Electronic↗