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Biomedical subjects

A Marriott

Publications and source records attributed to A Marriott.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Distribution of type X collagen mRNA in normal and osteoarthritic human cartilage.

The function of collagen X, a unique homotrimer synthesised by hypertrophic chondrocytes, is not known but its localisation and transient expression at sites of calcification suggest that it is likely to be associated with events in the early stages of endochondral bone formation. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disorder characterised by new bone formation but the role of type X collagen in its pathogenesis is unclear. A 700-bp restriction fragment encoding most of the C-terminal non-collagenous domain and part of the 3'-untranslated region of the human collagen X gene has been used for in situ hybridisation studies on human OA joints removed from hip and knee replacement operations and the results compared with immunohistochemical localisation of type X collagen gene product. Collagen X gene expression was detected in chrondrocytes present in OA tissue in areas where there appeared to be a re-initiation of the endochondral bone formation process including osteophytes and areas of subchondral bone sclerosis.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1991

The support, supervision and instruction of nurse learners in clinical areas: a literature review.

This paper reviews recent work on the support, supervision and instruction of nurse learners in clinical areas. Work published in Britain and North America is divided into five sections: ward learning environment; quantity of supervision and teaching; effectiveness of clinical teachers; ward teachers' perceptions of their role and mentorship. The findings can be generalised within their country of origin, but do not necessarily translate freely across the Atlantic in view of the different systems of training. More research needs to be carried out into the mentorship of nurse learners in Britain in view of its increasingly wide use, especially with the advent of Project 2000 and the implications of supernumerary status for learners.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

The synthesis of type X collagen by bovine and human growth-plate chondrocytes.

Chondrocytes were isolated from bovine growth-plate cartilage and cultured within type I collagen gels. A major collagen with chains of Mr 59,000, decreasing to 47,000 on pepsinization, was synthesized and identified as type X collagen. This collagen was cleaved at two sites by mammalian collagenase, resulting in a major triple-helical fragment with chains of Mr 32,000. The species of Mr 59,000, 47,000 and 32,000 were not detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis before reduction, indicating the presence of disulphide bonds within the triple helix. In contrast, similar biosynthetic studies with human growth-plate cartilage in organ culture, indicated that human type X collagen does not contain disulphide bonds. A polyclonal antiserum was raised to bovine type X collagen and used in immunolocalization studies to provide direct evidence for the association of type X collagen with the hypertrophic chondrocytes in both bovine and human growth plates during development.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Bovine cartilage types VI and IX collagens. Characterization of their forms in vivo.

1. Collagens were extracted from bovine cartilage by 4 M-guanidinium chloride in the presence of proteinase inhibitors and identified by immunoblotting with specific anti-collagen sera. 2. The collagens retained their native conformations (shown by the resistance of their triple-helical domains to pepsin digestion), and the molecular masses of their component alpha-chains indicated that the chains were intact. 3. Type VI collagen was extracted as a large-molecular-mass disulphide-bonded aggregate composed of components of molecular mass 140 kDa and 200-240 kDa, and was therefore similar to type VI collagen identified in noncartilaginous tissues. Immunoblotting established the 200-240 kDa components as intact forms of the alpha 3(VI) chain. 4. Type IX collagen consisted of three clearly separable components of molecular mass 84 kDa, 72 kDa and 66 kDa, which were assigned to the alpha 1(IX)-, alpha 3(IX)- and alpha 2(IX)-chains respectively, and a large proportion of this collagen had no covalently bound glycosaminoglycan attached to the alpha 2(IX)-chain. 5. Differences between the type IX collagen extracted from bovine cartilage and that identified in biosynthetic studies on chick cartilage are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Social work professional development in Canadian psychiatric teaching facilities.

A national survey of psychiatric social workers in all Canadian hospitals with Psychiatric Residency Training Programs was conducted. Various professional activities and university appointments were considered. Comparisons were made among provinces to determine differences and similarities. The results indicate a large number of similarities. The major part of social workers' professional time is spent in client-centred activity, though some regional differences emerge as to the mode of activity emphasized (e.g. individual or systems). A secondary but clearly evident role was formal and informal teaching. While educational pursuits were requested of social workers, their activities were generally not recognized through academic appointments. Research appeared to be a low priority. The lack of academic recognition for teaching and the lack of research productivity were viewed as external and internal aspects of an identity issue that social work needs to address.

Canada↗
PubMed1987

The girl who cried wolf: pseudologia phantastica and sexual abuse.

There has been an explosion of interest recently in sexual abuse and incest, with reported causal links to a wide variety of psychiatric disorders. The integrity of Freud's seduction theory has been challenged by Jeffrey Masson and sexual abuse activists. What is the position of a therapist who finds out that a patient's reports of incest and sexual abuse turn out to be fabrications? These issues are presented and discussed in the context of a brief, illustrative case history. There is also a review of the concept of "pseudologia fantastica", as well as a brief review of a feminist critique of Freudian theory.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

An assessment of psychological state associated with the menstrual cycle in users of oral contraception.

Reports of state in relation to the menstrual cycle were investigated using daily measures of state in a group of 65 family planning clinic attenders without pre-existing menstrual complaint. Women reported significant changes in their physical and psychological state prior to menstruation which reverted to "normal' levels 3-5 days after the onset of menstruation. No statistically significant differences were found between the patterns of oral contraceptive users and non-users.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expandable metal stents for the palliation of malignant gastroduodenal obstruction.

PURPOSE: Gastric outlet obstruction is a debilitating complication of upper gastrointestinal malignancy. We present our experience with insertion of self-expanding metal stents (SEMS). METHODS: Twenty-eight patients were referred, stenting being attempted in 23. Two patients had esophageal Wallstents inserted through a gastrostomy; 21 had an endoscopic approach with enteral Wallstents. RESULTS: One stent insertion failed, ten patients (45%) returned to a normal diet, ten patients (45%) managed semi-solid food and two patients (9%) had no significant improvement. No immediate complications were seen. One patient subsequently developed pancreatitis. Reintervention (4 stents, 1 jejunostomy, 1 gastrojejunostomy) was required in six of 22 patients (27%) for inadequate stent expansion (1), second stricture (2), stent migration (1), and tumor ingrowth (2). The mean survival was 95.4 days (SD 78.8 days, range 3-230 days). The mean follow-up time was 98.9 days (SD 86.7 days, range 3-309 days). CONCLUSIONS: SEMS are effective in palliating malignant gastric outlet obstruction. A combined endoscopic/fluoroscopic approach allows the most complete assessment of the stricture and removes the need for gastrostomy insertion. Careful assessment of the gastrointestinal tract distal to the lesion is important.

Adult↗