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Biomedical subjects

A Mates

Publications and source records attributed to A Mates.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

A simple method for counting Staphylococcus aureus in swimming pool water.

Staphylococcus aureus counts from swimming pool water were determined by the membrane filtration technique. Water samples were passed through a membrane filter and then put on Baird-Parker media. After incubation, the filters were transferred to nutrient agar, and incubated at 37 degrees C, for 3 h. After removal of the filters, the plates were incubated at 60 degrees C for 2 h. An overlay of toluidine blue agar was added and the plates reincubated for 4 h at 37 degrees C. The formation of thermonuclease correlated with the formation of coagulase, and the results indicated that Staphylococcus aureus could be present in swimming pool water without the presence of either coliform or faecal coliform bacteria.

Enterobacteriaceae↗
PubMed1984

Causes of diarrheal disease in soldiers stationed in Lebanon and in northern Israel.

A study of acute gastroenteritis in soldiers was carried out during a 1-year period. Causes of diarrhea were compared between 33 soldiers stationed in southern Lebanon and 174 soldiers stationed in northern Israel. Shigella sp. caused 42.4% of diarrheal disease in Lebanon, compared with only 19.0% of cases in Israel. Sh. flexneri was a more common cause of bacillary dysentery in Lebanon than in Israel (71.4 vs. 18.2%, respectively), and caused a more severe illness.

Diarrhea↗
PubMed1983

A simple method for determining gentamicin blood levels.

A simple method for the determination of gentamicin blood levels using microbiological bioassay is described. The use of finger tip blood enabled us to test the drug in a number of patients which otherwise would have been difficult. The test is reliable in the presence of other antibiotics in the serum. An assay kit was adapted so that the procedure could be performed and results read by a registered nurse within 6 h and before the administration of the next dose of the drug.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Simple devices for measuring antibiotic zone inhibition.

A chart has been developed for rapid reading of antibiotic zone inhibition. This method enabled the recording of whether the bacterium was sensitive or resistant to a drug in vitro. Two other devices were developed, for accurately reading the actual zone of inhibition when a clear medium was used, and also when an opaque medium was utilized.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Immune response in dog. 5 Hyperimmunization with Salmonella typhosa vaccine.

The immune response to Salmonella typhosa during hyperimmunization of dogs and rabbits by intravenous administration, at three different dose levels, three times a week for about seven months, was analysed. The pattern of immune response to both 'H' and 'O' antigen was determined, and antibody activity associated with IgM and IgG was clearly distinguished. Higher levels of both IgM and IgG activity were produced in rabbits than in dogs. The usual pattern of the early onset of IgM synthesis, with subsequent termination of active synthesis while IgG antibody was being formed, was observed in both groups. These results showed that with sufficient stimulation, hyperimmune anti-'O' sera may demonstrate a predominant IgG activity rather than the IgM activity considered to be characteristic of the response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Quantitative comparison of the amount of antibody produced to 'O' antigen by the quantitative precipitin method showed that the major differences between the dog and the rabbit remain, with a poorer formation of IgG antibody in the dog. The differences observed between the two species reflect the functioning of an antibody mediated feedback system at a lower threshold in the dog than in the rabbit.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Production of complete and incomplete antibodies to human red blood cells in dogs and rabbits.

The characteristics of the immune response of dogs and rabbits to single and multiple injections of human red blood cells were analysed. The results show that the primary and secondary response of both species are essentially the same. Following repeated stimulation with this antigen quantitative differences of the immune response between these animals were observed. The rabbit produced substantially greater amounts of IgG complete and incomplete antibody, and proportionally greater amounts of IgM antibody, whereas the dog response was seen to be inhibited.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Factors influencing the secondary immune response in rabbits to Salmonella typhosa.

The characteristics of the primary response, as well as those of the secondary response, to different doses of Salmonella typhosa when elicited at two different time intervals were analysed. The antibody response demonstrates that the size of the primary dose, and the size of the secondary dose, have significant effect on the subsequent synthesis of the secondary IgM and IgG antibody response to both 'H' and 'O' antigens. The time elapsed between the primary and secondary response tends to decrease the IgG response. Due to the high immunogenicity of the 'H' antigen the maximum IgG levels were reached within the range of doses used. These high levels of antibody inhibited the secondary IgM response by a feedback mechanism. Enhanced or equivalent response of predominant anti 'O' IgM system was recorded.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Immune response in dog 2 effect of dose of antigen on antibody production.

The primary antibody response of dogs and rabbits to both 'H' and 'O' antigens of Salmonella typhosa following intravenous injection with a formalin killed vaccine from 2.4 x 10(6) to 2.4 x 10(10) organisms/kg body weight was analysed. The animals were restimulated 80 days later with various vaccine concentrations. The lgM anti-'O' and lgG anti-'H' and 'O' antigens in the dogs, were significantly weaker in both primary and secondary response than the comparable rabbit group. Primary lgM anti-'H' response in the dog was found to be greater, equal, or less than that observed in the rabbit. A closer analysis of the primary response indicated that both animal species show the same latent period and doubling time in respect of anti-'H', and the differences observed are probably the result of the number of progenitor cells stimulated by the antigen. On the other hand the suppressed response of the dog to 'O'-antigen is the result of an overall weaker response of this animal to the antigen. The secondary anti-'H' lgM response was found to be greater than, equal to, or less than the primary response in the same animal. The significant inhibition of this response was observed in those animals which received a high primary dose of antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Immune response in dog. 3. Antibody formation in dogs and rabbits to human serum proteins and keyhole limpet haemocyanin.

Antibody formation in dogs and rabbits to human serum proteins and keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) following primary, secondary and multiple stimulation was analysed. Primary injection of human serum stimulates the formation of precipitin antibodies to beta2 lipoprotein in dogs, beta2 lipoprotein and beta globulin in rabbits. After a secondary dose the rabbits formed precipitins to a whole range of human serum proteins, while the dogs to beta2 lipoprotein, albumin, beta globulin. When the primary dose of antigen was divided over a period of 8 weeks, the dog produced precipitins to beta2 lipoprotein while the rabbit to a wide range of serum proteins. Secondary stimulation of these animals did not increase the number of precipitins formed. Quantitative analysis of the antibody produced show that the best response was with beta2 lipoprotein followed by albumin and beta globulin. As the immunogenicity of the antigen was greater the differences between the two species were narrow. These differences were less pronounced following the primary injection than after the secondary and multiple stimulations. The primary response to KLH (which represents mainly IgM) is better in the dog than in the rabbit, while the secondary response (IgG) was better in the rabbit. The poorer IgG response in the dog compared to the rabbit, observed in all the experiments, is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Localization of the protective antigen in Salmonella typhimurium.

Active protection to challenge with 100 LD50 of Salmonella typhimurium could be induced in white mice by inoculation with 10(3) live bacteria (0.1 LD50) or 10(8) heat killed bacteria (56 degrees C for 30 min), or 20 gamma ribosomal fraction. Passive protection could be given by antisera taken from hyperimmune rabbits inoculated with either the heat killed bacteria or by the ribosomal fraction. No direct correlation between antibody titre to 'O' antigen and degree of protection was observed. Absorption of any antisera with 'O' antigen decreases its protective power. The protective antibodies could be completely absorbed from both antisera by heat killed bacteria and released afterwards. Abosrption of 'O' antibodies from this preparation decreases the ability of the mice to survive the challenge. Our data suggests that the antigens which induce protective antibodies are located on the surface of the bacteria. The protection achieved by this antisera is probably the result of a synergistic effect between the antibodies to the 'O' antigen and other antigen(s).

Absorption↗
PubMed1976

The heterocytotoxicity of human serum. III. Studies of the serum levels and distribution of activity in human populations.

A metabolic inhibition assay has been employed to investigate the distribution of serum heterocytotoxicity mediated by natural antibody activating the classical complement pathway and by antibody-independent activation of the alternative complement pathway in human serum samples derived from various groups of individuals. Levels in female cancer patients and in women taking oral contraceptives were significantly elevated over normal controls. Newborn infants exhibited approximately half of the average adult levels. Levels were maximally elevated in patients with visceral cancer, particularly in individuals with adenocarcinomas, while patients with sarcomas exhibited reduced levels. These and other data derived from the literature suggest that the metabolic inhibition assay may provide a useful measure of natural antibody and activation of the alternate complement pathway representative of mechanisms of natural immunity vs tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Effect of lincomycin on lipase formation by Staphylococcus aureus.

The production of Staphylococcus aureus lipase could be inhibited by addition of 0.1 mug/ml lincomycin to the media without affecting growth. Addition of the same amount of drug at various stages of growth inhibited further enzyme production. The enzymatic activity of the lipase could not be inhibited at a concentration of 2.5 mug/ml lincomycin.

Enzyme Activation↗
PubMed1974

Specificity of the protective response induced by the slime layer of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Active protection against Pseudomonas aeruginosa could be induced in mice by immunization with either the phenol killed cells or the alcohol precipitated fraction of the slime layer, or the ribosomal vaccine preparation. Passive protection could also be induced by injecting into mice antisera prepared in rabbits against these bacteria. This protection was due to the production of antibodies in reaction to the slime layer; the absorption of these antibodies by the slime caused the loss of protection. The fact that mice were also protected by vaccination with strains other than those used for challenging was attributed to the presence of an antigenically similar slime. Passive protection towards a heterologous strain, even one with an antigenically similar slime layer, was dependent on the dose of the challenging injection.

Animals↗