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Biomedical subjects

A Mathieu

Publications and source records attributed to A Mathieu.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Cancer of the rectum: preoperative radiotherapy (344 cases)].

Radiation therapy prescribed as an adjuvant to surgery is an effective treatment of many cancers but has not been universally accepted for treatment of rectal cancer. Since 1969, preoperative radiation therapy of rectal carcinoma has been proposed in a curative intent, both at Centre Paul Lamarque in Montpellier and at Centre Claudius Regaud in Toulouse, France. Megavoltage radiotherapy was used in all patients and doses ranges from 35 to 40 Gy during 2.5 to 3 weeks. Among the 344 patients treated between 1969 and 1981, the ratio of abdominoperineal excision to anterior resection was 239/105, the percentage of pelvic recurrence was 7,8 per cent, and the 5-year survival rate, including postoperative mortality (5.2%) was 78 per cent in the Centre Claudius Regaud series and 64 per cent in the Centre Paul Lamarque series. The 10-year survival rate was 50 per cent. There was no evidence of an increased morbidity following irradiation. Pathologic staging showed no residual tumour in the excised specimen in 5.2 per cent of the cases. The number of Dukes'C cases was smaller than according to the clinical pre-treatment assessment of the tumours (16%). Ultrasonography of the liver and plasmatic CEA determination avoid irradiation of metastatic patients. Further development of this curative approach should include a postoperative boost of 25 Gy for patients who are at high risk for local failure in the pelvis, and an adjuvant chemotherapy for Dukes'C patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subpopulations defined by monoclonal antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis: distribution in patients untreated and treated by oral gold therapy.

The distribution of T lymphocyte subsets was determined in peripheral blood (PB) of two groups of patients with rheumatoid arthritis by using monoclonal antibodies (OKT). In untreated patients the percentage of OKT4+ cells (helper/inducer) was found to be significantly increased as compared to healthy controls. In patients receiving oral gold therapy a similar increase in OKT4+ cells was confirmed; furthermore, these patients showed a significant decrease in OKT8+ cell population (cytotoxic/suppressor) compared to untreated patients and to normal controls. A small numerical superimposition of values of OKT4+ and OKT8+ lymphocytes was observed in untreated but not in treated patients.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

T gamma lymphocytes of peripheral blood and synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis: quantitative determination and qualitative analysis.

The distribution of T gamma lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of one group of rheumatoid patients and in the synovial fluid in a second group was determined. The results were compared to those found for peripheral blood (PB) lymphocytes of normal subjects and for synovial fluid lymphocytes of osteoarthrosis and meniscitis patients. Besides recording percentage and absolute number, we also used cytofluorographic analysis to determine individual capacity of PB T gamma cells to bind heat-aggregated IgG (agg-IgG). The following results were found: 1) there is no significant difference between the percentage and absolute number of PB T gamma lymphocytes of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and those of controls, 2) individual RA PB T gamma cells had a greater number and/or avidity of Fc receptor for IgG than those cells of controls, and 3) the percentage of RA T gamma lymphocytes in synovial fluid, revealed by IgG-EA ox rosetting, is significantly lower than that found in control patients. The factors that may determine a similar lymphocyte picture in RA are discussed.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1981

[Cellular effects of anesthetics].

Anesthetic drugs have multiple effects on cellular structures and functions. Among these are membrane perturbations, cell division, DNA synthesis, disruption of microtubules and microfilaments, phagocytosis and cell locomotion. Some of these effects are reversible, and directly correlated to concentration and length of exposure; other, however, seriously compromise cellular integrity and vital functions. A review of the literature and current work are presented.

Anesthetics↗
PubMed1980

[Viral hepatitis. Occupational hazard for anaesthesists (author's transl)].

Hepatitis has been recognized as an occupational hazard of health professionals for many years. The recent findings concerning the structure of hepatitis A, B, non-A non-B, as well as refined testing procedures have increased the ability and thus the frequency of its diagnosis in occupationally exposed medical personnel. Other viruses such as Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) can also be involved. Among the inferences to be drawn from recent research is that hepatitis B virus has been detected in virtually all body secretions, and several non-percutaneous modes of transmission have been implicated. Other than overt percutaneous inoculation with HBsAg contaminated needle or scalpel, many other possibilities for infection exist for anesthesiologists as demonstrated by the increased incidence of HbsASb in this population and operating room staff frequently exposed to blood and body fluids. Among the preventive measures in the O. R., the anesthesiologist should be aware and attempt to diagnose firstly the population at risk as chronic carriers, and use specific preventive measures when caring for such patients so as to minimize cross-infections (from the patient to the anesthesiologist) and from one patient to the other.

Anesthesiology↗
PubMed1980

[Hepatic and renal toxicity of enflurane (author's transl)].

Enflurane has been implicated with both hepatic and renal toxicity. Others factors associated with similar dysfunction in the post operative period should be ruled out before the drug can be incriminated. We are reporting a case of mild post operative jaundice and transient renal insufficiency associated with enflurane anesthesia, which was eventually treated vigorously and successfully. The exact frequency of this kind of post operative complication is still unknown. Although other types of viral hepatitis cannot be completely ruled out, the anesthesiologist should be aware of the potential hazard of hepatic and renal toxicity attributed to enflurane. He should also be prepared to initiate vigorous treatment of the syndrome as soon as it appears so as to increase the chance for a successful outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Characterization of human T lymphocyte subpopulations (TG and T non G): cytologic examination and cytographic analysis.

Two T lymphocyte subpopulations were separated with an immunological method. In fact recently two T cell subsets with receptors for the Fc of IgM (TM) and of IgG (TG) respectively have been described. We have specifically separated TG and T non G lymphocytes by the rosetting technique. Cytological examination was performed on the two cell fractions: the results are in agreement with that already reported. Cytographic analysis was also carried out confirming the cytologic results. The possible practical implications of these acquisitions and those already applied are discussed.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1979

Markers of activated T cells on synovial fluid lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis.

Membrane markers of activated T lymphocytes of synovial fluid of two groups of patients with various forms of arthritis were studied. The first group (group A) concerns patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the other (group B) includes those affected by not immunologically-mediated arthropathies as osteoarthrosis, crystal synovitis, post-traumatic arthritis. Some other arthropathies included in a third group (group C) have been considered separately. Both the receptor for human group O Rh negative erythrocytes (H rosettes forming cells) and the receptor able to bind at 37 degrees C sheep red blood cells (stable-E-rosette forming cells) respectively were used as markers for the identification of activated T lymphocytes. The results show a marked increase of activated T cells in group A in comparison to group B. So the possible causes of this lymphocyte activation in rheumatoid patients are suggested.

Arthritis, Juvenile↗
PubMed1979

[Comparative study of the neuromuscular effects of 3 curare-like agents in children].

The authors studied the effect of three curare-like agents in 92 children anesthetised with halothane (1 to 2 p. 100). The method used was to give increasing doses of d-tubocurarine, metocurine and pancuronium bromide by injection until a block of approximately 95 p. 100 of the contraction of the thumb was obtained. This was checked by electrostimulation. Each of the three groups of children who were treated with one of the three curare-like agents were subdivided according to age and dose-response curves were obtained. The time required to recover 10 and 25 p. 100 of a control contraction was also studied. The authors conclude that from the point-of-view of activity, metocurine and pancuronium are respectively twice and five times more powerful than d-tubocurarine. The recovery time for pancuronium is twice as short as that for metocurine and d-tubocurarine. Furthermore, even though they are more resistant than adults, children recover more quickly than them. There is no difference in sensitivity in children that could be related to age, and this was so in the three curare-like agents studied. However, individual differences were more marked in neo-natal infants of less than 10 days than in other groups.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

[Action of various mitogens (phytohemagglutinin, cocanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen) on a purified human B- and T-lymphocyte population mediating spontaneous rosette formation].

The activity of various most widely used "polyclonal" mitogens, such as PHA, Con A and PWM on human peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations, after separation into the two main functional classes (B and T), was investigated. For separating the lymphocyte subclasses, the E-rosette formation technique has been followed, using the gradient centrifuged pellet and supernatant respectively. For the mitogens' activity evaluation, micro-culture system has been performed and 3H thymidine uptake has been assessed. The PHA has been shown to be much more active on the T lymphocyte subclass, though the mitogen cannot be kept very selective. Very much higher activity on the T subclass shows the Con A, which could be considered selective, if we hypothesize an at least partial receptor competition at lymphocyte membrane level between the mitogen and sheep erythrocytes. The PWM has been found very little active and not specific for either lymphocyte subclass.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Antilymphocyte antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis.

The presence of cold and non-cold reacting antilymphocyte antibodies of IgG class, active against allogeneic T lymphocytes deprived of Fcgamma receptor bearing cells, was investigated by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) and by microlymphocytotoxicity in 50 patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). 6/50 rheumatoid sera have shown the presence of anti-T-lymphocyte antibodies against 8/50 positivities found when the whole lymphocyte population was employed as the target in IF test. The positive sera were also examined by microlymphocytotoxicity test and the correlation with the number of lymphoid cells in peripheral blood was studied. In only one case (RA + Sjögren's syndrome) a positive IF test, in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo lymphopenia were observed. In the other IF positive cases neither lymphopenia in vivo nor lymphocytotoxicity of the sera were observed; these results can be due to either the presence of cold or not complement fixing antilymphocyte antibodies.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1978

[Spontaneous blast formation of spontaneous rosette-forming human lymphocytes with sheep and mouse erythrocytes: morphological demonstration].

A high uptake rate of 3HTdR by human cultured rosette-forming lymphocytes with sheep or mouse erythrocytes without stimulation has been already found occasionally in a discrete percentage of experiments by the Authors. In this paper morphologic evidence is shown that in those cultures "blastic" or "blast-like" cells are present, probable expression of spontaneous lymphocyte activation by "rosetting" phenomenon.

Animals↗