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Biomedical subjects

A Mattei

Publications and source records attributed to A Mattei.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Pachytene analysis of a man with a 13q;14q translocation and infertility. Behavior of the trivalent and nonrandom association with the sex vesicle.

Pachytene analysis was undertaken in a sterile 13q;14q heterozygous translocation carrier in an attempt to follow the segregational behavior of the trivalent and to evaluate the relationship of Robertsonian translocations in man to the impairment of spermatogenesis. Well-spread bivalents from pachytene nuclei were identified by their chromomere patterns. The trivalent was found always in cis configuration. Silver staining demonstrated the loss of nucleolar organizer regions from the translocated chromosomes. A nonrandom association was found between the trivalent configuration and the sex vesicle in 61% of the pachytene nuclei examined. Such an association has been described before in mice heterozygous for Robertsonian or reciprocal translocations, and may thus represent a general phenomenon. As in mice, this contact was restricted to the centromeric region of the trivalent. A hypothesis relating the association of the trivalent with the sex vesicle to impairment of normal X-chromosome inactivation and subsequent spermatogenic breakdown is discussed. Other chromosomal abnormalities in which sex-vesicle anomalies are associated with male sterility (such as X-or Y-autosomal translocations) are also considered. It is proposed that any process interfering with normal X-chromosome inactivation in pachytene spermatocytes could disturb subsequent meiotic or postmeiotic germ cells development.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prolactin response to the dopamine antagonists sulpiride and domperidone. Further evidence for pituitary dopamine deficiency in hyperprolactinemic disorders of different etiology.

The PRL response to the dopamine antagonists sulpiride (100 mg i.m.) or domperidone (2 or 8 mg i.v.) was evaluated in healthy controls and in 148 patients with different hyperprolactinemic disorders (50 with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia, 58 with microprolactinoma, 19 with macroprolactinoma, 2 with empty sella, 8 with acromegaly, 7 with organic lesions of the hypothalamus, and 4 with idiopathic hypopituitarism of presumed hypothalamic origin). Mean PRL response to both drugs was significantly lower in all groups of patients than in controls, and significantly higher in subjects with idiopathic hyperprolactinemia than in those with pituitary adenomas or hypothalamic disease. Absent or impaired PRL responses were found in 38% of idiopathic patients, in 91.5% of microprolactinomas and in all of the patients with either macroprolactinoma, acromegaly, or hypothalamic disorders. Since the PRL response to dopamine antagonists depends on the presence of an endogenous dopaminergic tone, it is suggested that these figures reflect the incidence of major dopamine deficiency at pituitary lactotrophs in different hyperprolactinemic states. These data suggest that the pathophysiology of hyperprolactinemia in many patients with idiopathic disease is different from that of microprolactinoma. However, the finding of a normal PRL response to sulpiride in some subjects with radiologically or surgically proven microprolactinoma indicates that this test has no diagnostic value in the individual case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Treatment of hyperprolactinemic states with different drugs: a study with bromocriptine, metergoline, and lisuride.

One hundred ninety-one hyperprolactinemic patients (78 women and 13 men; 54 with pituitary macroadenoma, 53 with microadenoma, and 84 with idiopathic disease) were treated for 2 to 48 months with one or two of the following prolactin (PRL)-lowering drugs: bromocriptine, metergoline, and lisuride. All of the three drugs used were highly effective in lowering PRL levels and restoring gonadal function both in females and in males in the majority of patients with either idiopathic or tumorous disease. In poorly responsive patients, increasing the drug doses resulted in further PRL lowering for all the three drugs. Mild side effects were frequently encountered with initiation of drug treatment but spontaneously subsided in most cases; severe side effects, necessitating stopping of the treatment, occurred in only 12 instances, but changing of the drug allowed PRL-lowering treatment to be continued in 11 of them.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1980

Study of a new intrauterine device, the multiload 250 CU.

The multiload 250 CU intrauterine device has been inserted in 298 women. Its effectiveness and the side effects connected with the use have been studied for a total of 3455 months of use. Two pregnancies and 5 expulsions have been observed while twelve devices were removed for pain and bleeding. The data compares quite favourably with those obtained with other IUDs.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of three serotonin antagonists on plasma prolactin response to suckling in puerperal women.

The effect of the acute administration of three serotonin antagonists on plasma PRL levels and on the PRL response to suckling was investigated in a group of puerperal women. A single oral dose of metergoline or methysergide induced a significant decrease of plasma PRL levels and abolished the PRL response to suckling. Cyproheptadine administration did not modify either the plasma PRL levels or the PRL response to suckling. These results are discussed in light of the known pharmacological properties of the three antiserotonergic drugs.

Cyproheptadine↗
PubMed1978

Antiserotonin treatment of hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea: long-term follow-up with metergoline, methysergide, and cyproheptadine.

Twenty patients affected by hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea-galactorrhea have been treated with one or more of the following serotonin antagonists: metergoline, methysergide, and cyproheptadine. Among the 11 patients without evidence of pituitary tumor resumption of menses was observed in five, two of whom had ovulatory cycles; one patient became pregnant; ovulations occurred only during treatment with metergoline. In the group of nine patients with enlarged sellae, three experienced isolated episodes of bleeding, while two had three and four menses each, respectively; all cycles were anovulatory. Plasma prolactin levels and galactorrhea were favorably affected by treatment only in a minority of amenorrhea-galactorrhea patients with and without tumors.

Amenorrhea↗
PubMed1978

Inhibition of prolactin release by serotonin antagonists in hyperprolactinemic subjects.

Metergoline (4 mg) and methysergide (3 mg), two serotonin antagonists known to inhibit prolactin secretion in normal subjects, and the dopaminergic agonist, bromocriptine (2.5 mg) were orally administered in hyperprolactinemic patients. Mean serum prolactin concentration was significantly decreased between 120 and 240 min following the ingestion of all three drugs in comparison with a placebo; a consistent reduction to below 50% of basal values occurred in 10 of 14 patients after metergoline, in 5 of 10 after methysergide, and in 11 of 14 after bromocriptine administration. These data indicate that serotonin antagonists may acutely lower serum prolactin levels in hyperprolactinemic patients similarly to bromocriptine, though their mechanism of action is most likely different.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Measurement of gonadotrophins, testosterone, delta4 androstenedione and dihydrotesterone in idiopathic oligospermia.

Basal concentrations of FSH, LH, testosterone, delta4 androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone, together with FSH and LH responses to single injections of LHRH were determined in eighty-four patients with oligospermia and in twenty-seven normal men. LHRH responses were heterogeneous and indicate that various disorders might cause this syndrome. In six cases there appeared to be an isolated deficiency in spermatogenesis, as indicated by an increased FSH response, whilst the LH response was normal as were the concentrations of the testicular hormones. In twenty cases a concomitant disorder of Leydig cell function and spermatogenesis is suggested as indicated by increased FSH and LH responses and decreased concentrations of testosterone and delta4 androstenedione (six) or concentrations at the lower limit of normal (fourteen). Furthermore, in five cases a hypothalamic and/or pituitary disturbance may be accepted on the basis of normal or decreased basal concentrations decreased and responses to LHRH with decreased concentrations of testosterone and delta4 androstenedione. Finally, in thirty-seven cases, oligospermia was not associated with any modification basal gonadotrophin concentrations or response to LHRH when compared with normal subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Effects of oral testosterone undecanoate in hypogonadal male patients.

Effects on plasma T, DHT, A, FSH, LH and PRL concentrations and the pituitary responsiveness to the LHRH/TRH stimulation, as well as on libido and sexual, mental and physical activities were studied in ten hypogonadal male patients undergoing therapy with oral testosterone undecanoate (TU) for 9 weeks. The daily dose of TU needed for satisfactory clinical effect was 120 mg (6 cases) and 240 mg (4 cases). There was a significant rise in circulation androgen concentrations in all patients. Mean plasma T, DHT and A increased at 9 weeks from 1.20, 0.12 and 0.36 ng/ml to 4.34 (P less than 0.0004), 0.39 (P less than 0.0004) and 1.24 ng/ml (P less than 0.005), respectively. In hypergonadotrophic patients (N = 6) plasma FSH and LH fell progressively (P less than 0.05), while in hypogonadotrophic patients (N = 4) a marked rise in plasma FSH (P less than 0.05) was found, while LH tended to rise as well. Base-line plasma PRL remained unchanged. In three out of four patients with poor PRL response to TRH, normal responses were established after TU therapy. Increase in libido and sexual activity was reported by nine patients. An increase in mental and physical activity was found in seven and two patients, respectively. Tolerance was excellent. It was concluded that oral TU is an effective form of substitution therapy in male hypogonadal patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Failure of dopamine infusion to suppress the plasma prolactin response to sulpiride in normal and hyperprolactinemic subjects.

In eleven normal women dopamine infusion (5 microgram/Kg/min) significantly lowered plasma prolactin levels but failed to suppress the PRL response to sulpiride (10 or 100 mg i.v.), while the same dose of dopamine was effective in abolishing the PRL response to TRH (200 microgram i.v.). In four hyperprolactinemic women showing an impaired PRL response to sulpiride, dopamine infusion was effective both in lowering PRL circulating levels and in restoring an evident response to sulpiride. This finding suggests an impairment of endogenous dopamine activity in hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea.

Amenorrhea↗