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Biomedical subjects

A McBride

Publications and source records attributed to A McBride.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Rumination and psychological distress among bereaved partners.

Recently bereaved men who evidenced more negative ruminative thoughts in free-response interviews showed greater psychological distress on several outcome measures both 1 month and 12 months after their loss and less increase in positive morale over this 12-month period. Men who engaged in more analysis of themselves and the meaning of their loss reported greater positive morale 1 month after their loss but showed more persistent depression and absence of positive states of mind over the 12 months following their loss. Finally, men who reported more social friction also evidenced more enduring depressive symptoms over the year than did men who reported less social friction. These results are generally consistent with other studies that have shown that self-reflective, ruminative coping with negative emotions and social friction are associated with longer and more severe periods of depressed mood following stressful events.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

Amyloid deposition is delayed in mice with targeted deletion of the serum amyloid P component gene.

The tissue amyloid deposits that characterize systemic amyloidosis, Alzheimer's disease and the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies always contain serum amyloid P component (SAP) bound to the amyloid fibrils. We have previously proposed that this normal plasma protein may contribute to amyloidogenesis by stabilizing the deposits. Here we show that the induction of reactive amyloidosis is retarded in mice with targeted deletion of the SAP gene. This first demonstration of the participation of SAP in pathogenesis of amyloidosis in vivo confirms that inhibition of SAP binding to amyloid fibrils is an attractive therapeutic target in a range of serious human diseases.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1997

Antigenic phenotypes common to rat oval cells, primary hepatocellular carcinomas and developing bile ducts.

The shared expression of monoclonal antibody-defined antigens by oval cells and by bile ducts, neoplastic nodules and primary hepatocellular carcinomas (PHC) has provided support for the ability of oval cells to undergo differentiation along ductular or hepatocyte lineages and/or to progress to hepatocellular carcinoma. With the aim of obtaining additional insight into this process, we have combined serial section and double labeling immunofluorescence analysis to determine if phenotypes expressed in vitro by four rat oval cell lines and the H5D.61 hepatocellular carcinoma cell line and in situ by ethionine-induced primary hepatocellular carcinomas reproduce antigenic patterns occurring during normal liver development. Analysis using monoclonal antibodies specific for the oval cell antigens OV6 and OC.2 and hepatocyte markers HBD.1 and H.4 defined subpopulations in four oval cell lines and neoplastic hepatocytes in PHC and H5D.61 with OC.2-/OV6+ and OC.2+/OV6+ phenotypes. Cells with an OC2+/OV6- phenotype were rarely observed in cell lines or primary tumors. In contrast, areas composed of OV6+/H.4+ cells were frequently found in PHC. Examination of fetal and neonatal rat livers demonstrated the stage-specific appearance of three of these phenotypes during liver development. The OC.2+/OV6- phenotype appeared transiently prior to embryonic day (ED) 18 in a subpopulation of HBD.1+ hepatoblasts. OV6 expression was first detected at ED18 on developing bile ducts that were negative for OC.2. These newly formed ducts rapidly acquired OC.2, starting with ducts in the hilar region and spreading outward towards the periphery. This OC.2 expression gradient persisted in the newborn rat liver but became more skewed towards doubly positive cells, with OC.2-/OV6+ cells being found primarily in the periphery. Hepatocytes expressing both OV6 and H.4 were not observed in fetal liver but appeared in neonatal liver in close proximity to OV6+ interlobular ducts. From these findings, it was concluded that oval cells and PHC display phenotypes representing normal stages in liver development, suggesting that oval cells and cells within ethionine-induced PHC are capable of initiating but are unable to complete pathways of hepatocytic or biliary differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Safety and efficacy outcome of mentor alpha-1 inflatable penile prosthesis implantation for impotence treatment.

PURPOSE: We investigated safety and efficacy outcome pertaining to the Mentor Alpha-1, 3-piece inflatable penile prosthesis for impotence treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 2-phase, multi-institutional, large scale retrospective study, with independently analyzed medical record (phase I) and questionnaire (phase II) data from consecutive eligible patients of 7 physician investigators was performed from March to October 1993. RESULTS: In phase I there were no morbidities of any type in 394 of the 434 patients (90.8%) (mean age 61 years, range 24 to 88) who underwent Alpha-1 implantation (mean followup 22.2 months, range 0.67 to 44.5). The risk of prosthesis malfunction (fluid leak and auto-inflation) was 2.5%. No cylinder aneurysms were reported. A total of 93.1% of Alpha-1 devices was free from explantation (4.4%) or revision surgery (2.5%) for approximately 2 years from the original implant date. Kaplan-Meier actuarial analyses revealed that cumulative survival of the Alpha-1 prostheses at 12, 24 and 36 months was 98 +/- 1%, 93 +/- 2% and 85 +/- 7% until device malfunction, and 91 +/- 2% 83 +/- 4% and 75 +/- 7% until surgical intervention (revision or explantation). In phase II 89% of the men claimed fulfilled expectations with the Alpha-1 prosthesis as impotence treatment. Satisfaction responses 80% or greater were noted with regard to intercourse ability and confidence, and device rigidity and function. Implantation did not result in greater than 80% satisfaction in partner relationships or feelings (as judged by the patient), social or work confidence, or intercourse frequency. Factors adversely affecting satisfaction included partner feelings of dissatisfaction (as judged by the patient), specific physician investigators and need for explantation/revision surgery. CONCLUSIONS: In 1 of the largest multi-institutional implant outcome studies thus far performed, safety and efficacy data concerning the Alpha-1 contemporary inflatable device were found markedly improved over earlier inflatable prostheses and now compare favorably with historical data from noninflatable rod type devices.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1996

Calculation of electrical potentials on the surface of a realistic head model by finite differences.

We present a method for the calculation of electrical potentials at the surface of realistic head models from a point dipole generator based on a 3D finite-difference algorithm. The model was validated by comparing calculated values with those obtained algebraically for a three-shell spherical model. For a 1.25 mm cubic grid size, the mean error was 4.9% for a superficial dipole (3.75 mm from the inner surface of the skull) pointing in the radial direction. The effect of generator discretization and node spacing on the accuracy of the model was studied. Three values of the node spacing were considered: 1, 1.25 and 1.5 mm. The mean relative errors were 4.2, 6.3 and 9.3% respectively. The quality of the approximation of a point dipole by an array of nodes in a spherical neighbourhood did not depend significantly on the number of nodes used. The application of the method to a conduction model derived from MRI data is demonstrated.

Brain↗
PubMed1994

Health promotion in hospitals: the attitudes, beliefs and practices of hospital nurses.

This research paper explores the attitudes, beliefs and health promotion practices of hospital nurses working on acute adult wards, as demonstrated through the use of semi-structured postal questionnaires. Responses were compared with those from hospital-based occupational therapists, physiotherapists, dietitians and medical consultants, in order to examine issues of consistency and continuity between professional groups and their interaction with patients in relation to health promotion activity. The nurses are considered both as a homogeneous group and also in relation to their seniority within the profession. Results demonstrate the lack of a coherent health promotion strategy within acute care settings and highlight the differing educational needs of nurses according to their professional role within the hospital. By addressing these issues, a strategy can be developed to enhance health promotion in hospital by building on the concerns and needs identified by the nurses themselves. Research literature and analysis of this study demonstrate that whilst the current position of health promotion in hospital is generally poor, nurses are keen to integrate health promotion into their practice.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

The hospital health-promotion facilitator: an evaluation.

This 1-year study tested the transferability of the Primary Care Facilitator model to the hospital setting, and was designed to assess and enhance existing hospital health-promotion activity. From work with nurses on three wards in an acute general hospital, the Primary Health Care model was found to be appropriate for the hospital setting. There were demonstrable changes in attitudes to health promotion and an increase in health-promotion activity. It now appears appropriate to evaluate the role of the hospital health-promotion facilitator on a wider basis. Areas for further research, beyond the scope of this particular project, should be the quality of the health-promotion activity and exploration of factors that encourage or inhibit utilization of health-promotion opportunities.

Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
PubMed1994

Isolation, propagation, and characterization of rat liver serosal mesothelial cells.

Although rat liver epithelial cell (RLEC) lines have been developed by a number of laboratories, the identity of the clonogenic nonparenchymal progenitors is unknown. To provide insight into the derivation of RLEC, we immunoisolated serosal liver mesothelial cells (LMC) and bile duct epithelial cells and attempted to propagate each epithelial cell population using culture conditions routinely employed to establish RLEC lines. Briefly, the selective reactivity of LMC with two bile duct cell surface markers, OC.2 and BD.2, was exploited to develop an immunocytochemical technique to isolate LMC. Livers were collagenase dissociated, the mesothelial capsule was "peeled" and digested with pronase to destroy contaminating hepatocytes, and rare biliary ductal epithelial cells were immunodepleted using OC.2. LMC were subsequently isolated by selective binding to magnetic beads adsorbed with BD.2 and cultured in supplemented Waymouths 752/1 media containing 10% fetal calf serum. Proliferating BD.2+ LMC rapidly formed epithelial-like monolayers that could be continuously subcultured after trypsinization. In contrast, attempts to establish cell lines from purified OC.2+ bile duct epithelial cells were unsuccessful. Results from reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that LMC expressed Wilms' tumor transcripts, a lineage marker for mesodermally-derived cells. In summary, our findings clearly demonstrate that LMC can be continuously propagated using culture conditions routinely employed to establish RLEC lines, an observation that supports the contention that some RLEC lines may be derived from LMC.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Tinea pedis in children.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that tinea pedis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children with foot dermatitis. DESIGN: Patient series. SETTING: Outpatient dermatology practice at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (Pa). PARTICIPANTS: Children with culture-proven tinea pedis from 1987 until 1990. MEASUREMENTS/MAIN RESULTS: Fungal cultures were used to identify 13 girls and 13 boys ranging in age from 17 months to 18 years with tinea pedis. A parent was the probable source of infection in at least 25% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Tinea pedis is not a rare occurrence in children and should be considered in any patient with a foot rash.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Clinical features of dysplastic nevi.

The clinical features of 100 dysplastic nevi were tabulated. Although certain characteristics were present in most or all of these melanocytic nevi, there was a marked heterogeneity of other clinical features. The preponderant type of large (greater than or equal to 8 mm) melanocytic nevus in patients with classic dysplastic nevi is a papule or plaque with the following characteristics: multicoloration (various shades of tans, browns, reds, or black); slightly raised height for its broad diameter; mamillated surface; and lack of hypertrichosis. An atlas illustrates some of the clinical varieties of melanocytic nevi in this syndrome.

Dysplastic Nevus Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Quantification of histologic features of dysplastic nevi.

We quantified the histologic features of 100 consecutive dysplastic nevi. Although there is heterogeneity in the microscopic attributes of dysplastic nevi, certain features that are seen repeatedly should enable the histologic identification of these melanocytic neoplasms. These features include a central dermal nevocytic component with a peripheral extension of a junctional component, elongated epidermal rete ridges, bridging of nests of melanocytes at the dermo-epidermal junction, nests of melanocytes at the sides of rete ridges as well as at their bases, and concentric eosinophilic fibrosis. Cytologic features of melanocytes were not as valuable as architectural features of individual nevi in classifying these lesions. We also provide an atlas of selected histologic features that depicts some aspects of this heterogeneity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Outcome of stroke related admissions to a general hospital.

In a prospective study of patients admitted to a general hospital, 43 patients with stroke were identified accounting for 3.9% of all medical admissions over a six month period. Of these, 23.2% died in hospital, whilst 46.5% were discharged to the community, and 30.3% to institutional care after a mean length of stay in hospital of 24.5 and 34 days respectively. At follow-up seven months following discharge, most patients were alive and still residing in the community or institution to which they had been discharged. The majority of survivors (57%) however, were severely handicapped, 37% of whom were resident with carers in the community. Our study emphasises the overly long stay of stroke patients in the acute hospital, and the high morbidity in survivors with consequent demand on institutional and community care services.

Aged↗
PubMed1989

Computer analysis, using a digitizer, of ataxic mouse gait due to drugs.

A simple objective method using the irregularity of the spacing of rats' footprints to determine drug-induced locomotor ataxia has been adapted for mice and for computer analysis, by means of a digitizer-based program. Results obtained by the usual manual method of measuring and analyzing the records are compared with results of the computerized method. The computer method improves speed, and perhaps accuracy, of measurement and analysis, especially with large numbers of records, although manual scoring gives satisfactory results and remains essential for unusual records. Inter-observer agreement of the computerized method was high, and there was good agreement between measurements and subjective ratings of ataxia. The use of footprints to measure ataxia, with or without computer aid, is recommended as a routine test in laboratory evaluation of psychoactive drugs. Other uses discussed include determining changes in different characteristics of gait such as step width and step length in animal and human subjects affected not only by drugs, but also by movement disorders such as Parkinsonism.

Amobarbital↗
PubMed1985

How nursing students explain their success and failure in clinical experiences.

Student motivation is a faculty concern at all strata of the educational process. A major issue in motivation is the student's perception of the situation and explanation of the cause of success or failure. The education literature indicates little research on how student nurses actually perceive and explain their success and failure. This paper addresses success and failure issues by reviewing attribution theory and describing a study of attribution made by student nurses following completion of clinical nursing courses in one school. Explanations were obtained for success and failure both of nursing care provided and for mastery of theory. The data obtained reveal some interesting patterns and indicate the need for further research in this area.

Achievement↗