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Biomedical subjects

A Miguel

Publications and source records attributed to A Miguel.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Thymoma associated with CD4+ lymphopenia, cytomegalovirus infection, and Kaposi's sarcoma.

A case of thymoma with associated opportunistic infections, CD4/CD8 T-lymphocyte imbalance, low CD4-positive T-lymphocyte counts and Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) without HIV infection is reported. Cytomegalovirus inclusions were identified in the nuclei of some KS spindle and endothelial cells. It is known that KS has a high prevalence in AIDS patients and has occasionally been associated with other causes of immunosuppression. In previous studies, coexisting KS and thymoma were related to myasthenia gravis, corticosteroid treatment and excess CD8-positive T-lymphocyte counts. More recently an imbalance between CD4 and CD8 positive T lymphocytes has been identified in association with thymoma. The present case suggests that there may be a relationship between thymoma, CD4-positive lymphopenia, and KS.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Anal carcinoma: a 14 year experience.

A retrospective analysis of 20 patients with anal carcinoma treated at Hospital del Mar (Barcelona) from 1982 to 1995 was performed to evaluate clinical and pathological characteristics. This subset represents 2.1% of all the colon and rectum cancers registered in the same period. The mean age was 74 years (42-92), the female to male ratio was 1.5:1. The most frequent site was anal canal (80%) and the histological type was squamous cell and basaloid carcinomas in all cases. Five aged patients were not treated. Twelve patients were primary treated by abdominal perineal resection, 2 patients by radiotherapy and one by a local excision. The prognosis of 8 patients treated with palliative surgery was poor and none survived 30 months after surgery. In contrast, 4 of 5 patients are alive after radical surgery with a minimum 5 year follow-up. Two patients treated with radiotherapy are disease free at 7 and 13 months after treatment. The incidence of anal carcinoma is low, but our experience shows that it is diagnosed at an advanced stage and surgery is not always successful. Radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy, is an effective alternative.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Prevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Studies on hepatitis C virus antibodies (Anti-HCV) in CAPD patients are scarce and include a small number of patients. Nevertheless, risk factors related to Anti-HCV in these patients are still subject to controversy. Purpose of the study. To analyse the incidence and risk factors associated with the presence of Anti-HCV in CAPD patients. METHODS: We studied 255 patients from five different treatment centres of our region. The analysis was repeated after excluding 161 patients who had previously received haemodialysis treatment at least once. Anti-HCV testing was made by the 2nd-generation ELISA: As a supplementary test we used RIBA-4 in three centers and INNOLIA in the other two. Risk factors were analysed using logistic regression model for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: In the whole group, 29 patients (11.4%) were anti-HCV positive. Logistic regression analysis determined the following variables as independent risk factors: hepatitis previous to CAPD (P<0.001, odds ratio (OR):44.9), Anti HBc positivity (P=0.019, OR:9. 24), blood transfusions previous to CAPD (P=0.015, OR:1.05) and CAPD duration were excluded, the prevalence of HCV antibodies was 8.5% (8/94). In this group multivariate analysis showed that Anti-HCV positivity correlated with hepatitis previous to CAPD (P<0.0003, OR: 126) and Anti HBc positivity (P=0.002, OR:41.9). CONCLUSIONS: Our prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in CAPD patients was lower than other renal replacement therapy modalities, and correlated to events occurring mainly before starting CAPD treatment. This technique could be considered as low risk for HCV infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Orosomucoid (ORM1) polymorphism in Arabs and Jews of Israel: more evidence for a middle eastern origin of the Jews.

A study of 8 Israeli population groups for the ORM1 polymorphism included 1242 serum samples: 156 samples from Arab Moslems, 139 from Arab Druzes, and 947 from 6 Jewish groups. The two most frequent alleles in Europeans and Asians, ORM1*F1 (ORM1*1) and ORM1*S (ORM1*2) were found in Jews and Arabs at frequencies similar to those in Europe. Unique to Arab and Jewish populations were polymorphic frequencies of two ORM1 slow electrophoretic variants, designated ORM1*S1 and ORM1*S2. These were formerly observed only in Europe, where two individuals with *S1 and two with *S2 have been observed so far. The Chueta community of converted Majorcan Jews is the only previously studied group that, like the other studied Jewish groups, has polymorphic frequencies of both ORM1*S1 and ORM1*S2. In this study we associate the Chuetas with the Israeli groups, as a population of Middle Eastern origin. Published data on ORM1 in Europe and East Asia together with the present data, making a total of 47 populations, were subjected to a discriminant analysis that resulted in a correct classification of 93.6% of the populations. Results of this analysis suggest that ORM1 is a useful polymorphic marker for anthropological studies.

Arabs↗
PubMed1996

Genetic variation in the population of Ibiza (Spain): genetic structure, geography, and language.

A sample of 203 individuals from Ibiza (Balearic Islands, Spain) were tested for blood group and serum protein genetic variation and compared with other circum-Mediterranean populations. Allele frequencies were calculated for the following blood group and serum systems: ABO, Rh, MNSs, P, Lewis, Duffy, Kell, ORM, GC, TF, PI, and HP. The allele frequencies from Ibiza were compared with those from other Balearic Islands (Majorca and Minorca) and with related European and North African groups using an assortment of analytical methods (genetic distances, R matrix analysis, and Mantel tests). R matrix analysis revealed that Ibiza is genetically different from the other Balearic populations and, because of gene flow from Spain, clusters with European groups. The level of genetic microdifferentiation of the Mediterranean populations, measured by RST (average of the R matrix diagonal elements, rii), is 0.028. An examination of the relationship between genetic, geographic, and linguistic distances by Mantel tests revealed that genetic distances are significantly correlated with linguistic distances, whereas the genetic distances are not significantly correlated with geographic distances. The plot of mean per locus heterozygosity versus the genetic distance from the centroid of distribution revealed that all three Balearic Islands have experienced considerable gene flow but that Ibiza has been most affected by the action of stochastic processes.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1990

Red cell enzyme polymorphisms in the Balearic Islands. I. Substructuring of the Mallorca population.

A sample of 2143 individuals belonging to six natural geographic regions from Mallorca (Balearic Is. Spain, 39.5N, 3.0E) was studied for the red cell enzyme polymorphisms: Esterase-D (ESD), acid phospatase-1 (ACP1), glyoxalase-I (GLO1), phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1) and adenylate-kinase (AK1). The following gene frequencies were obtained: ESD*2'3 = 0.142, ACP1*A = 0.248, ACP1*C = 0.027, GLO1*2 = 0.529, PGD*C = 0.010, PGM1*2 = 0.221 and AK1*2 = 0.033. Most of these gene frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The subpopulation of "La Muntanya" showed significant differences for some allozymes respect to the others, in accordance with its geographic peculiarity.

Erythrocytes↗
PubMed1990

Red cell enzyme polymorphisms in the Balearic Islands. II. A comparison based on multivariate analyses.

A sample of 2143 individuals from Mallorca, coming from six geographic regions of this island: "Es Raiguer", "La Muntanya", "Es Plà", "Mijgorn", "Llevant" and "Palma", as well as 390 individuals from Eivissa island have been studied for the following six red cell enzyme systems: Esterase-D (ESD), acid phosphatase-1 (ACP1), glyoxalase-I (GLO1) 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1) and adenylate-kinase (AK1). The data were processed by means of multivariate statistical procedures: principal components, factorial correspondence and cluster analyses. The results indicate that ACP1 and ESD were the most suitable systems for the characterization of these caucasian populations, while GLO1 was important when different ethnic groups were included in the analyses. The Balearic gene frequencies fell within the European standard. Slight genetic distances were detected among the different Balearic populations, notably with the exception of the high differentiation of "La Muntanya".

Cluster Analysis↗
PubMed1990

Enzymatic polymorphisms in the Jewish community (Chuetas) from the Majorca Island.

The genetic polymorphism of four red cell enzymatic systems (ESD, ACP1, GLO1 and PGD) has been studied in the "Chueta" community (descendants of converted Jews from Majorca Island). The results have been compared with those of the population of Majorca that has no Jewish origin, and with other Jewish and non-Jewish Mediterranean populations. For these comparisons the following methods were used: chi 2 test, Wright's F, Nei's identities and distances and a dendrogram based on Nei's measures. The results obtained indicate that the Chueta community differs form the non-Chueta Majorcan population, although it resembles this non-Chueta population more closely than it does other Jewish ones.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1989

Idiopathic myelofibrosis terminating in erythroleukemia.

A 55-year-old woman with a one-year history of idiopathic myelofibrosis progressed to erythroleukemia. This is the first reported occurrence of erythroleukemia progression from idiopathic myelofibrosis. Certain patterns of leukemia transformation from myeloproliferative disorders are favored: Myeloblastic or myelomonocytic. The rare incidence of erythroblastic transformation is discussed.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

Red-cell enzyme polymorphisms in Ibiza (Balearic Islands, Spain).

A sample of 390 individuals from Ibiza (Balearic islands, Spain) was studied for the red-cell enzyme polymorphisms: esterase D (ESD), acid phosphatase 1 (ACP1), glyoxalase I (GLO), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), phosphoglucomutase 1 (PGM1) and adenylate kinase 1 (AK1). The following allele frequencies were observed: ESD*2 = 0.181; ACP*A = 0.249; ACP*B = 0.719; ACP*C = 0.032; GLO*2 = 0.556; PGD*C = 0.018; PGM1*2 = 0.235, and AK1*2 = 0.032. These results were compared with those reported from other Balearic populations. There was a heterogeneity between island samples in the ESD and PGD systems. In spite of this, the whole Balearic population could be differentiated from most European and circum-Mediterranean populations.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

The suitability of saliva for detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.

Saliva was investigated for its suitability as a biopsy tissue for the determination of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. It appears that there is a significant difference between the activity of the enzyme in patients and controls. However, some controls have very low values making discrimination between patients and controls using a qualitative method impossible. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is a relevant clinical problem in many rural areas in developing countries. Existing methods for determination of the deficiency in blood and hair follicles do not meet the criteria necessary for their large scale introduction in the areas of the world that are concerned by the problem. The present study shows that saliva is not a suitable alternative. Between the three biopsy tissues compared: blood, hair follicles and saliva, hair follicles remain most attractive since their isolation hardly involves the risk of infection. A simplified method for the detection of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in hair follicles that would allow health service workers in the field to determine the carrier status of pregnant women might form the basis for a future kernicterus prevention programme.

Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase↗