Biomedical subjects

A Miyashita

Publications and source records attributed to A Miyashita.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Clinical marginal and internal gaps of Procera AllCeram crowns.

This study evaluated the marginal and internal gaps of Procera AllCeram crowns in vivo using silicone materials. Ninety Procera AllCeram crowns were evaluated before final cementation. White and black silicone materials were used to record the marginal and internal fit; then the crowns were sectioned bucco-lingually and mesio-distally to measure the thickness of the silicone layer using a microscope. Sixteen reference points were measured on each specimen. Mean marginal gaps among anterior, premolar and molar teeth, and mean gaps at the reference points within the groups were compared by analysis of variance and Dunnett T3 test. The mean values at the margins were the smallest in all tooth groups, whereas those at the rounded slope of the chamfer were the largest. There were significant differences (P < 0.001) in the mean gaps at the four reference points (margin, rounded slope of the chamfer, axial wall and occlusal surface) in each group, except for the molar teeth. The mean marginal gaps of the Procera AllCeram crowns were within the range of clinical acceptance.

Aluminum Oxide↗

PubMed2004

Japanese SCA families with an unusual phenotype linked to a locus overlapping with SCA15 locus.

The authors identified two Japanese spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) families characterized by postural and action tremor and a very slow progression rate. A genome-wide linkage analysis revealed linkage to chromosome 3p26.1-25.3 with the highest multipoint lod score at D3S3728 (Zmax = 3.31 at theta = 0.00). The candidate region was 14.7 cM flanked by D3S1620 and D3S3691, which was partly overlapping with the locus of SCA15 characterized by pure cerebellar ataxia. Despite the difference in phenotypes, there remains a possibility that the causative gene for these Japanese SCA is allelic to SCA15.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Validation of a liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric method for the measurement of (R)-1-[2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-1-pivaloylmethyl-5-(2-pyridyl)-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-3-yl]-3-(3-methylaminophenyl)urea (YF476) in human plasma.

A sensitive and specific liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS-MS) method has been validated for the measurement of YF476 in human plasma. The method involves a simple liquid-liquid extraction procedure, chromatography of the extracts on a C(18) column, atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation and detection in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The calibration line was linear over the concentration range 0.1 ng/ml (the limit of quantification) to 25.0 ng/ml. Intra- and inter-batch precision was <14% and intra- and inter-batch accuracy was <11% over the entire calibration range. The bioanalytical method is robust and has been used for the analysis of many samples from human subjects involved in early clinical studies (Phase I).

Animals↗

PubMed2000

A manic episode associated with bereavement in a patient with lung cancer. A case report.

We describe a manic episode associated with bereavement in a lung cancer patient. The patient became manic 4 days after the death of a close friend also suffering from lung cancer, though the deceased was not a member of his immediate family. Manic episodes in cancer patients are rare, and our report of a manic episode associated with bereavement may also serve to highlight possible precipitating factors, which have not been adequately emphasized in the literature to date.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Five different genes, Eif4a1, Cd68, Supl15h, Sox15 and Fxr2h, are clustered in a 40 kb region of mouse chromosome 11.

We characterized a region of the mouse genome disrupted by integration of a gene trap (GT) vector in ES cells. On 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis of the fusion transcripts containing the GT vector, we identified the eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 4A1 gene (Eif4a1) as a promoter-trapped gene. Plasmid rescue was used to show that the other end of the integrated vector disrupted the murine homolog of the human fragile X mental retardation syndrome-related protein 2 gene (Fxr2h). Structural analysis of P1 clones, isolated from the wild-type mouse genome by PCR with Eif4a1-specific primers, indicated that the integration of the GT vector was accompanied by the deletion of about 35 kb of genomic DNA and that the disrupted region also included three genes, Cd68, Supl15h and Sox15, the latter two of which are transcribed in opposite directions with overlapping 3' ends. These five different genes at least, Eif4a1, Cd68, Supl15h, Sox15 and Fxr2h, are clustered in a 40 kb region. The chromosomal location of this region was mapped by means of interspecific backcross panel DNAs to the central part of mouse chromosome 11, exhibiting a known region of synteny with human chromosome 17.

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Molecular cloning of a novel 130-kDa cytoplasmic protein, Ankhzn, containing Ankyrin repeats hooked to a zinc finger motif.

A novel gene was trapped in mouse embryonic stem cells with a promoterless gene trap vector. Fused transcripts were isolated from the embryos by rapid amplification of cDNA ends, which were used for full-length cDNA cloning. The protein predicted from the cDNA consisting of 7143 nucleotides comprises 1184 amino acids, which was confirmed by in vitro transcription/translation assaying. An antibody against the synthesized peptide reacted with an approximate 130-kDa protein on SDS-PAGE. A search of available databases revealed that this protein is a novel protein composed of 17 ankyrin repeats hooked to a zinc finger motif, which we named Ankhzn. Ankhzn was observed on the endosomal membrane on immunoelectron microscopic analysis. Ankhzn belongs to a new subgroup of double zinc finger proteins which may be involved in vesicle or protein transport. Ankhzn mRNA and its protein were expressed ubiquitously from embryonic day 10.5 to adulthood.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1999

[Typical thymic carcinoid tumor with multiple metastases diagnosed by pleural effusion cytology].

A 57-year-old man was referred and admitted to our hospital because of anterior mediastinal tumors and pericardial effusion. Although his condition had been diagnosed as thymic cancer by another hospital, a cytologic examination of pleural effusion specimens obtained a positive stain for chromogranin A, and yielded a diagnosis of thymic carcinoid tumor with multiple metastases. Despite irradiation and relief therapy, the patient died 8 months later. A histopathologic examination of the thymic tumor at autopsy revealed typical carcinoid patterns. The cytologic examination proved capable of accurately diagnosing the carcinoid tumor. Although such tumors are usually considered to have a good prognosis, unfavorable outcomes are also a possibility, as was demonstrated in this case.

Carcinoid Tumor↗

PubMed1998

Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase prevents LPS-induced acute lung injury in dogs.

Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) after LPS stimulation, and reacts with superoxide to form peroxynitrite. We hypothesize that in LPS-induced lung injury, NO generated by iNOS plays a key role through the formation of peroxynitrite. We developed an acute lung injury dog model by injecting LPS, and examined the effects of selective iNOS inhibitors, aminoguanidine (AG) and S-methylisothiourea sulfate (SMT), on the LPS-induced lung injury. At 24 h after LPS injection, arterial oxygen tension and mean arterial pressure decreased, and shunt ratio and lung wet-to-dry weight ratio increased. On histology, the LPS group had marked neutrophil infiltration and widening of the alveolar septa. On immunohistochemistry, iNOS and nitrotyrosine, a major product of nitration of protein by peroxynitrite, were observed in the interstitium, capillary wall, and neutrophils in the airspaces of the LPS group. Treatments with AG and SMT prevented worsening of gas exchange, hemodynamics, and wet-to-dry weight ratio. On histology, AG and SMT treatments markedly suppressed lung injury, iNOS protein, and nitrotyrosine production. We conclude that NO released by iNOS may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of LPS-induced acute lung injury. This study suggests that iNOS inhibitors may have potential in the treatment of LPS-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

[Concentrations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in serum and tissues at venous injection of tegafur or 5-FU--clinical study on colorectal cancer].

Tissue and serum concentrations of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) after daily slow venous injection of tegafur or 5-FU for 5 days were measured. The serum concentration of 5-FU elevated to the highest level 6 hours after the venous injection (mean: 30 ng/ml). Compared with the tegafur injection, the serum concentration of 5-FU elevated to a higher peak level 6 hours after the 5-FU injection (mean: 827 ng/ml). The serum concentration of 5-FU after the tegafur injection tended to be maintained longer than after the 5-FU injection. When tegafur was injected, the concentration of 5-FU in cancer tissue or lymphnodes was significantly higher than in normal tissue. On the other hand, no significant difference was detected among the concentrations of 5-FU in the above three tissues when 5-FU was injected. Moreover, a significantly higher concentration of 5-FU in lymphnodes was caused by the tegafur injection compared to the 5-FU injection.

Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic↗

PubMed1998

[Fulminant hepatic failure related to immunosuppressive therapy in an asymptomatic HBsAg carrier with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia].

A 72-year-old woman who was an asymptomatic HBsAg carrier was admitted because of productive cough and dyspnea on exertion. After close examination, she was given a diagnosis of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), and treated with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide. However, fulminant hepatitis type B developed and the patient died of respiratory complications stemming from the acute exacerbation of IIP. To avoid such outcomes, extra caution should be taken when planning immunosuppressive therapy for HBsAg carriers.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Patterns of inspiratory muscle shortening during hypoxia and hypercapnia in dogs.

The shortening of parasternal intercostal muscles (Para) and crural (Cru) and costal diaphragms (Cos) are not precisely understood. We therefore examined shortening patterns of these inspiratory muscles by using chronically implanted sonomicrometers in dogs. To avoid acute effects of surgery, measurements were performed 3 weeks after implanting the sonomicrometers. Patterns of length changes of Para, Cru, and Cos were measured during hypoxia and hypercapnia under two levels of anaesthesia. Respiratory length change (delta L) was assessed as a percentage change relative to the resting length at functional residual capacity (LFRC). Peak tidal shortening was defined as the maximal change from LFRC (delta L/LFRC). Under light anesthesia, the delta L/LFRC was the same among the three muscle groups at all tidal volumes (VT). Under deep anaesthesia, the delta L/LFRC both of Cru and Cos exceeded that of Para. Under light anaesthesia, the maximal shortening velocity ((delta L/LFRC)/delta t) of Cru was greater than that of Para. Under deep anaesthesia, the (delta L/LFRC)/delta t of Para was exceeded by that both of Cru and Cos. Furthermore, the (delta L/LFRC)/delta t of each inspiratory muscle was greater during hypoxia than during hypercapnia at equal volume. We conclude that: 1) the contribution of the diaphragm to ventilation increases during deep anaesthesia; 2) the muscle shortening velocity during hypoxia or hypercapnia is lower in parasternal intercostal muscles than in the diaphragm; and 3) there is no difference in the shortening pattern between crural and costal diaphragms.

Anesthesia↗

PubMed1996

Clinical application of basic arginine amidase in human male urine.

Basic human urinary arginine amidase (or esterase, called BHUAE) which is only found in male urine, was measured from normal volunteers between the age of 4 and 70 years using D-valyl-L-leucyl-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide as a substrate. BHUAE increases during early adolescence, between 8 to 17 years of age. Then, BHUAE decreases in the twenties and takes a certain range of value in the mature age group, between the late thirties and fifties. In patients with prostate cancer, a significant increase in BHUAE was demonstrated in comparison with the healthy male group (control) over 55 years old. On the other hand, patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy showed no significant elevation of this enzyme activity. It would appear that the measurement of BHUAE in urine can be used as a marker of prostate cancer in an advanced age group.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

A gene trap strategy for identifying the gene expressed in the embryonic nervous system.

An efficient gene trap strategy was devised for identifying the genes that are expressed in the mouse developing nervous system. Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell lines that carried independent integrations of a gene trap vector, pSneolN/acZA, were allowed to differentiate in a suspension culture system. To select cells containing neurons, astrocytes or neuron-glia precursors, cell lines were immunohistochemically examined with antibodies against neuron-specific proteins (neurofilament protein 150 kD and microtubule associated protein 2), glial fibrillary acidic protein or nestin. Three cell clones (GT3-8, 11 and 12) were immunoreactive to either of the antibodies employed and at the same time positive for beta-galactosidase activity. When chimeric embryos were generated by the use of the above 3 cell lines, some cells in their nervous system showed X-gal staining. Thus the major advantage of the present gene trap method lies in its prescreening step of manipulated ES cells prior to generation of chimeric animals. This method holds promise as a useful tool for investigating the genes involved in the development of the nervous system.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

[A case of heat stroke with cortical laminar necrosis on vascular boundary zones].

We report a 10-month-old boy with heat stroke because he was left in a car. He showed hyperthermia, coma and convulsions at the time of his admission. Liver dysfunction and coagulopathy were observed, but they were improved after several days. Consciousness was gradually recovered, but currently he shows neurological sequelae. Cranial CT showed brain edema until the 7th hospital day. Cranial MRI on the fortieth hospital day showed the finding of cortical laminar necrosis in the vascular boundary zones. This finding suggest that brain ischemia was related with the neurological involvement of heat stroke.

Brain↗

PubMed1995

Identification of a 27 bp 5'-flanking region element responsible for the low level constitutive expression of the human cytosolic phospholipase A2 gene.

The cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) gene codes for an enzyme that liberates arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids, and thus plays a pivotal role in the production of the prostaglandin and leukotriene mediators of inflammation, as well as in a variety of cell signalling pathways. After preliminary studies demonstrated the cPLA2 gene is expressed in a variety of human tissues and was localized to the q arm of chromosome 1 between markers F13B and D1S74, we cloned and characterized the 5'-flanking region of this gene in order to identify the elements controlling its low level constitutive expression. The 5'-flanking region has features typical of a housekeeping gene with no TATA box or CAAT box, although atypical in that it is not GC rich, has no SP1 sites, and has a long run of CA repeats. Analysis of fragments of the 5'-flanking region demonstrated that 541 bp 5' to exon 1 supported reporter gene activity at a level 30% of the SV40 promoter. Interestingly, similar activity was observed by deleting most of the 5'-flanking region down to a 27 bp region containing a sequence with homology to the initiator sequence in the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase gene and a polypyrimidine tract similar to the initiator element of the mouse ribosomal protein gene. Within this 27 bp region, a 10 bp fragment (-17 to -8 bp) within the polypyrimidine tract is critical for the baseline expression of the human cPLA2 gene. While the 5'-flanking region contains a putative composite AP-1 and glucocorticoid response element, this region does not respond to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) and/or glucocorticoids in a cell line (HEp-2) that exhibits upregulation of cPLA2 mRNA transcript levels by TNF. The observations that the expression of the cPLA2 gene is tightly controlled at a relatively low level is consistent with the evolving concept that modulation of expression of this critical enzyme is primarily at the post-translational level.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed1995

[The survival rate of impaired glucose tolerance groups in the elderly].

We analyzed a total of 468 cases, all inmates of the Yokufukai Home for the Aged who had undergone a 50-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) from January 1980 to December 1981 and who were followed up to the end of March 1994. All cases were divided into different normal, borderline and diabetic categories according to glucose tolerance. 1) Normal cases accounted for 39.6% of males and 39.2% of females, 50% and 52.5% were borderline cases in males and female and these were 10.4% and 8.3% diabetic cases, respectively. 2) The overall survival rate of females was significantly higher than that of males groups (p < 0.05). 3) There was no significant difference in survival rate of males and females in the normal and impaired glucose tolerance groups (border and diabetic). CONCLUSION. Mildly impaired glucose tolerance could be considered as part of the normal aging process.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Mucinous carcinoma of the skin: report of a case with DNA cytofluorometric study.

A 62-year-old man with a mucinous carcinoma of the skin on the left cheek is described. The excised specimen showed a characteristic histopathologic picture. The findings from histochemical, immuno-histochemical, and electron microscopic examinations suggested an eccrine differentiation of the tumor cells. The removed tumor was examined using DNA cytofluorometry in order to analyze the cell kinetics and to estimate its biological behavior and prognosis. The tumor cells showed a diploid mode with a small number of polyploid cells. Only a small number of cells in the S and G2/M phase ranges were detected. After four years, there has been no evidence of tumor recurrence nor metastasis. The results of DNA ploidy analysis were thus compatible with the nature of slow growth with a good prognosis in this case.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMed1994

Correlation of quantitative CT with selective alveolobronchogram and pulmonary function tests in emphysema.

BACKGROUND: Emphysema diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) has been reported to be correlated with morphologic data from autopsied lungs or resected lobes. However, autopsied lungs or resected lobes are quite different from lungs in vivo. We examined the correlation between a quantitative analysis of CT and the in vivo morphologic degree of emphysema (selective alveolobronchography [SAB]) in patients with COPD. METHODS: We measured the mean attenuation value (MAV) of the lung fields between -700 HU and -1,024 HU to exclude the effect of high-density structures in 21 patients with COPD. Low attenuation, greater than 2 SD below the mean value of five normal healthy subjects, was used as an index of emphysema. To quantitate the amount of emphysema, the relative area of low attenuation to the area of the entire lung field (2SD percent) was measured. The morphologic degree of emphysema was determined from the diameter of ring shadow (DR) of SAB. We also examined the relationship between CT data and pulmonary function tests. RESULTS: The DR was highly correlated with the CT indexes of MAV and 2SD percent; (r = -0.894, p < 0.001, and r = 0.890, p < 0.001). Both MAV and 2SD percent were correlated with pulmonary function tests such as Dco, FEV1, and residual volume (r > 0.60). CONCLUSIONS: The MAV and relative area of emphysema obtained from CT density measurements accurately assess the severity of emphysema in patients with COPD as well as SAB.

Adult↗