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Biomedical subjects

A Monzani

Publications and source records attributed to A Monzani.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor levels and stimulation test in dementia of the Alzheimer type.

Experimental findings have recently suggested a toxic role for glucocorticoids in hippocampus, the main brain target for the adrenocortical hormones. In this study, we explored the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in a group of patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) and in a control group of age-matched subjects. We measured the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and evaluated the plasma cortisol response to a CRF stimulation test. While no differences were observed in the results of the CRF test for two groups, CSF CRF values in DAT patients were found to be significantly higher than in controls. Bearing in mind the bidirectional relationships between the neuroendocrine and immune systems and the changes in some immunological parameters reported in DAT, the possible role of HPA axis hyperactivity in the pathogenesis of primary dementia is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Evidence of luteinizing hormone secretion in hypothalamic amenorrhea associated with weight loss.

The lack of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) pulsatile pattern or episodic LH secretory bursts during night have been demonstrated in hypothalamic amenorrhea. The availability of both sensitive and specific immunofluorimetric assay and algorithm for pulse detection enabled us to reanalyze the question of whether or not patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea secrete LH in a pulsatile fashion. Seven women with secondary amenorrhea associated with weight loss and four normally cycling women were studied, sampling every 5 minutes for 8 hours. Control subjects were studied during four different phases of the menstrual cycle. In all amenorrheic patients, a frequent LH pulsatile secretion, with pulses of low amplitude, was found (10.7 +/- 1.4 peaks/8 h; mean +/- SEM). The pulse frequency was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than any phases of the control group (early follicular: 7 +/- 0.4 peaks/8 h; late follicular: 6.8 +/- 0.6 peaks/8 h; early luteal: 4.3 +/- 0.4 peaks/8 h; late luteal: 7 +/- 0.3 peaks/8 h). The LH pulsatile release in amenorrheic patients showed a mean pulse duration and amplitude shorter than in any phase of the menstrual cycle of the controls. In conclusion, in weight-loss-related-amenorrhea, the major change was not the absence of the LH pulsatile release but its increased frequency with reduced pulse amplitude.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Glucocorticoids but not vasopressin or oxytocin inhibit luteinizing hormone secretion in patients with psychogenic amenorrhea.

Activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is suggested to play a role in the stress-related inhibition of LH secretion. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of vasopressin and oxytocin, which are increased in pituitary portal plasma in response to stress, and of glucocorticoids, the final product of HPA activation during stress, on basal plasma LH levels and on pituitary LH response to the GnRH test in amenorrheic (n = 33) and fertile (n = 13) women. Plasma LH levels were evaluated by radioimmunoassay in 2 different experimental conditions: 1. Basal secretion; 2. The GnRH test (10 micrograms + 10 micrograms after a 120-minute interval). These 2 evaluations were done in the presence of both placebo and a pharmacological dose of desmopressin (an analogue of vasopressin) (16.6 ngr/minute), oxytocin (0.2 ngr/minute) or hydrocortisone (4.1 mg/minute). None of these drugs modified basal plasma LH levels either in amenorrheic patients or in controls. Hydrocortisone inhibited the GnRH-induced LH increase in amenorrheic women. These data suggest that the glucocorticoids might play a role in LH secretion and indicate a possible participation of the HPA axis in the impairment of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis in women with psychogenic amenorrhea.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Response of circulating adrenocorticotropin, beta-endorphin, beta-lipotropin and cortisol to athletic competition.

Acute physical exercise stimulates the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in man. In the present study we measured plasma adrenocorticotropin, beta-endorphin, beta-lipotropin and cortisol levels in 27 male trained athletes in basal conditions, 60 min before and immediately after an official competition. The endocrine responses were evaluated in different groups of athletes participating in races (100 m, 1500 m, 10,000 m) or in the disc throw. The athletes competing for the runs showed a statistically significant increase in plasma adrenocorticotropin, beta-endorphin, beta-lipotropin and cortisol levels after the race (P less than 0.01), whereas the disc throwers showed no significant change in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis hormones after the competition. The percent increase in plasma adrenocorticotropin, beta-endorphin, beta-lipotropin and cortisol was higher in the athletes who run 1500 m and 10,000 m than in those participating in the short distance race (100 m). The present results showed that plasma proopiomelanocortin-related peptides and cortisol levels increase in trained athletes following running competition and that this increase is related to the duration of the physical exercise.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1982

[Sulfonamides with central nervous system action. V].

A series of 2-nitro and 2-aminobenzenesulfon-N-acylamides variously substituted on the benzene ring were prepared and tested for anticonvulsant activity (electro shock, pentamethylenetetrazole). Some of the compounds tested gave some measure of protection against convulsions induced by electric shock. The importance of the trifluoromethyl substituent in this effect was demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Antimicrobial activity of derivatives of 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide. VIII].

The antimicrobial activity of a series of fluoro derivatives of benzothiadiazine and sulfonamides was studied. The compounds tested can be grouped as: a) 3-alkylmercapto derivatives of 6-trifluoromethyl-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide (III leads to VI); the 3-mercapto precursor (VII) and the related 3-picolinic salt (VIII); b) 3-trifluoromethyl derivatives of 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide and of its benzene substituted derivatives (IX leads to XVI); c) trifluoroacetylaminobenzenesulfonamides (XVII leads to XXV). Two of the 3-alkylmercapto compounds [(V) and (VI)] showed marked inhibitory activity against some strains of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Diplococcus. None of the compounds tested proved active against Gram-negative schizomycetes (genera Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Serratia, Yersinia, Providencia) or against yeasts (Candida).

Benzothiadiazines↗
PubMed1979

[Cardiovascular effect of 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide derivatives. VIII].

A series of carboxy- and carbomethoxyalkyl derivatives of 3-amino-1,2,4-benzothiaidazin-1,1-dioxide either substituted or unsubstituted in the benzene ring [compounds (I leads to XVIII)] was prepared and tested for cardiovascular activity. It was found that the introduction of a carboxy-or carbalkoxy-group in the omega position of 3-alkylamino derivatives of 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide usually causes marked decrease or abolition of the cardiovascular activity shown by the parent compounds. The negative effect on the pressor trace (hypotension and increase in differential pressure) is more frequent and significant than that on bradycardial activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Heteroarylalkanoic acids with potential anti-inflammatory activity].

A series of (3-oxodihydro-1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-1,1-dioxide-3-yl)acetic acids [compounds of type (A)] and (1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-1,1-dioxide-3-yl)oxyacetic acids [compounds of type (B)] were synthesised and tested for antiinflammatory activity. Preliminary tests showed certain compounds to have a significant level of antiinflammatory activity in rat paw edema induced by carrageenan. It was found that the antiinflammatory activity of this series of compounds depends on the nature, number and position of the substituents on the benzene ring.

Acetates↗
PubMed1979

[Antimicrobial effect of derivatives of 1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-1,1-dioxide. VII].

Series of alkyl derivatives of the following have been prepared: 5,7-dichloro- [compounds (II leads to V)], 6-methyl- [compounds (VI leads to IX)] and 6-methoxy-3-mercapto-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide [compounds (X leads to XIII)]. The products were tested for antimicrobial activity. Studies were also made of the corresponding 3-mercapto precursors (XIV, XV, XVI) and the relative 3-picolinium salts (XVII, XVIII, XIX) and also of the 3-picolinium salts of 6-chloro-, 7-chloro- and 6,7-dichloro-3-mercapto-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide (XX, XXI, XXII). Some of the 3-alkylmercapto compounds, and especially the 5,7-dichloro derivative, inhibited various strains of Gram-positive bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus, while the same substances proved much less effective against the genera Streptococcus and Diplococcus. Antimicrobial activity appeared to be influenced by the length of the alkyl chain as well as by the nature and position of the substituents on the benzene ring. The compounds proved inactive against the Gram-negative schizomycetes (Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia, Proteus, Pseudomonas. Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Serratia, Yersinia, Providencia) and against yeasts (Candida) with the exception of compound (V) which showed slight bacteriostatic action against three strains of Candida albicans.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1978

[Bromination of 3-amino-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide].

The bromination of 3-amino-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide (1) in N,N-dimethylformamide has been studied. Depending on the operating conditions the reaction produces 7-bromo-3-amino-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide (II) or 5,7-diabromo-3-amino-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide (III). Derivatives halogenated at the nitrogen were not isolated in any of the experiments.

Benzothiadiazines↗
PubMed1975

[Iodo-derivatives of 2-aminobenzensulfonamide and 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-1,1-dioxide].

A series of iodo derivatives of 2-aminobenzensulfonamide and its derivatives has been prepared by reaction with iodine chloride in N,N-dimethylformamide or N,N-dimethylacetamide. The structure of each compound was confirmed by transformation with formic acid into the corresponding 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine and comparison with the same compounds prepared via the Sandmeyer reaction starting form amino derivatives of known structure. It was found that the iodination reaction in N,N-dimethylformamide, can lead, depending on the nature of the starting material, to the formation of benzothiadiazine derivatives apparently generated from sulfonamide via a formylation reaction due to N,N-dimethylformamide.

Benzene Derivatives↗