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Biomedical subjects

A Moroz

Publications and source records attributed to A Moroz.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Evaluation of hybridisation on oligonucleotide microarrays for analysis of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

A molecular approach was developed to identify drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by means of biochips with oligonucleotides immobilised in polyacrylamide gel pads. The technique was based on multiplex PCR, followed by hybridisation on an oligonucleotide microarray, and detected > 95% of rifampicin-resistant and c. 80% of isoniazid-resistant M. tuberculosis isolates within 12 h. In total, 220 drug-resistant isolates and 131 clinical samples were tested using biochips. The sensitivity and specificity of the developed method were comparable with those of standard bacteriological testing of M. tuberculosis drug resistance.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMed2002

Prevention of thromboembolic disease after non-cemented hip arthroplasty. A multimodal approach.

Thromboembolism following total hip arthroplasty is a common complication that may result in significant morbidity and mortality. Despite this, optimal prophylactic regimen is controversial. We investigated the efficacy of a comprehensive approach encompassing the use of aspirin, intermittent compression devices ('foot pumps'), and early mobilization in a cohort of 200 consecutive patients after non-cemented total hip replacements. The surgical procedures were carried out under epidural anesthesia in most cases (91%). All patients were allowed full weight bearing and received ambulation training starting on the first post-operative day. Ankle-high pneumatic boots ('foot pumps') and aspirin (325 mg p.o./qd) were used immediately after surgery. The presence of deep vein thrombosis was determined with the routine use of venous duplex scans on post-operative day number 5 to 10 (mean 6.8). The duration of the follow-up was 3 months. No patients were lost to follow-up. Four distal DVT's (2%) were detected in three patients. None of the patients developed symptomatic pulmonary embolism during the follow-up period. There were no major wound complications. Venous thromboembolic disease after hip replacement surgery is largely associated with postoperative immobilization and venous stasis. It is the authors' opinion that a prevention strategy should include mechanical as well as pharmacological measures. The concomitant use of epidural anesthesia, "foot pumps", aspirin and early full weight bearing ambulation may be effective in further reducing the incidence of DVT after surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy with hidradenitis suppurativa exacerbation: a case report.

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) or complex regional pain syndrome type 1, is characterized by spontaneous pain or allodynia and hyperalgesia disproportionate to the inciting event, multiperipheral nerve involvement, edema, vasomotor or sudomotor change, and possible loss of function. It has been described in relation to various insults, including a number of infectious and inflammatory conditions. We report a case of a patient who developed RSD 1 week after an exacerbation of hidradenitis suppurativa, a rare chronic inflammatory disease of apocrine sweat glands. The patient responded well to a combination of range-of-motion exercises, thermal modalities, and oral steroids. Hidradenitis suppurativa should be considered when searching for an etiology of new onset RSD.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Identification of rifampin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains by hybridization, PCR, and ligase detection reaction on oligonucleotide microchips.

Three new molecular approaches were developed to identify drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using biochips with oligonucleotides immobilized in polyacrylamide gel pads. These approaches are significantly faster than traditional bacteriological methods. All three approaches-hybridization, PCR, and ligase detection reaction--were designed to analyze an 81-bp fragment of the gene rpoB encoding the beta-subunit of RNA polymerase, where most known mutations of rifampin resistance are located. The call set for hybridization analysis consisted of 42 immobilized oligonucleotides and enabled us to identify 30 mutant variants of the rpoB gene within 24 h. These variants are found in 95% of all mutants whose rifampin resistance is caused by mutations in the 81-bp fragment. Using the second approach, allele-specific on-chip PCR, it was possible to directly identify mutations in clinical samples within 1.5 h. The third approach, on-chip ligase detection reaction, was sensitive enough to reveal rifampin-resistant strains in a model mixture containing 1% of resistant and 99% of susceptible bacteria. This level of sensitivity is comparable to that from the determination of M. tuberculosis drug resistance by using standard bacteriological tests.

Antibiotics, Antitubercular↗
PubMed2000

Important qualities in physiatrists: perceptions of rehabilitation team members and patients.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the personal qualities important in physiatrists as described by patients and rehabilitation team members. DESIGN: An oral survey. SETTING: Adult rehabilitation service at a teaching rehabilitation institution affiliated with an academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Convenience sample of 171 people including inpatients, rehabilitation nurses, occupational and physical therapists, and resident and full-time attending physicians. INTERVENTIONS: Two questions to elicit the personal qualities that were considered important in a physical medicine and rehabilitation physician. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjects' responses grouped as personal qualities (personality), working qualities (professionalism), competence, caring, and collegiality. RESULTS: Caring and competence qualities were the most important to patients. Collegiality and caring were valued most by the rehabilitation staff. Personal qualities and competence were of relatively greater importance to the physiatrists. CONCLUSIONS: There was significant variability in the relative. value assigned to each of the five groups of traits among the respondents. Knowledge of the desires and expectations of the people involved in the rehabilitation process may benefit rehabilitation patients, physicians, and staff.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Issues in acupuncture research: the failure of quantitative methodologies and the possibilities for viable, alternative solutions.

Thirty years of active acupuncture research have failed to unequivocally demonstrate its clinical efficacy. Certain characteristics of acupuncture are difficult to fit into an experimental study. Many researchers mention selection of appropriate controls, single- or double-blind research design, and application of relevant outcome measures as areas causing most difficulties. Also cited are the variability of acupuncture techniques, difficulty of standardizing acupuncture treatments, inadequate population size, significant variability of response to treatments, the use of a distinctive terminology, and importance of practitioner's experience. Acupuncture and Chinese traditional medicine are based on a unique philosophical model, and the instruments of biomedical research may be inadequate and inappropriate. In contrast to the quantitative experimental method, introspective self-observation and qualitative observation are offered as a means of studying the effectiveness of acupuncture.

Acupuncture Therapy↗
PubMed1998

Hydrocephalus and cognitive decline in myotonic dystrophy: case report and literature review.

Myotonic dystrophy is a rare genetic neuromuscular disorder with multisystem involvement. Hydrocephalus and cognitive deterioration are not commonly considered part of adult-onset myotonic dystrophy. This report describes a case of progressive distal muscle weakness, cognitive decline, and longstanding ventricular enlargement. Review of the literature suggests that hydrocephalus may be associated with myotonic dystrophy while progressive cognitive decline is rare in the adult form of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Marker chromosomes in a family with high incidence of cancer.

Two young sisters presenting with malignant or premalignant conditions inherited two marker chromosomes (a 13p- and a 16 with a fragile site at q22). Malignancy was reported in the family on both the mother's and father's side. According to data from the literature on similar markers and from our personal observations, a possible significance may be suggested for these markers. Search for markers must be encouraged in families with high incidence of cancer. Eventually, we may find markers which will help in understanding the processes of carcinogenesis and possibly indicate individuals at risk.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inferior turbinate goblet cell secretion in patients with perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis.

Perennial rhinitis is clinically associated with a significant increase in nasal mucus secretion. Moreover, it has already been established that the number of goblet cells, in the inferior turbinates of patients with perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, does not differ from that of normal subjects. Thus a question is raised, whether the above-mentioned phenomenon is ascribed exclusively to submucosal glandular activity, or may also be a result of a nonhyperplastic increase of goblet cell functional activity. This study was conducted to assess inferior turbinate goblet cell mucus secretion in a cohort of patients with perennial allergic and nonallergic rhinitis compared with normal controls. A semiquantitative morphometric method was used to examine goblet cell mucus secretion in sections stained with Alcian blue and periodic acid Schiff. Mucus secretion in each section was established in terms of secretory ratio, calculated as the number of secreting goblet cells divided by the number of nonsecreting ones. The mean secretory ratio of patients with perennial allergic (n = 11) and nonallergic rhinitis (n = 23) was 0.89 and 0.57, respectively, compared to controls (n = 10) 0.25. Statistical analysis confirmed that the secretory ratio of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis was significantly higher than that of the control group. No significant difference prevailed between patients with perennial nonallergic rhinitis and controls, as well as between allergic and nonallergic patients. Based on the results of the study, a basal state of nasal goblet cell mucus secretion in nonstimulated healthy people was established. Furthermore, it was concluded that the enhancement in mucus discharge, from the inferior turbinate goblet cells of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, was attributed to a nonhyperplastic increase of nasal goblet cell functional activity.

Analysis of Variance↗