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Biomedical subjects

A Mukawa

Publications and source records attributed to A Mukawa.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric carcinoma with enteroblastic differentiation.

BACKGROUND: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a useful tumor marker for hepatoma and yolk sac tumor. Recently, elevations of serum AFP were reported in patients with other malignancies, especially gastric cancers. Two distinct tumor morphologies, hepatoid and clear cell, have been correlated with AFP production. METHODS: Two patients with AFP-producing gastric carcinoma were evaluated with immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and biochemical studies. RESULTS: In Patient 1, the primary and metastatic carcinomas consisted homogeneously of tubulopapillary carcinoma with clear cytoplasm. In Patient 2, the cancer was composed of three different areas: tubulopapillary carcinoma with clear cytoplasm, tumor cartilage, and so-called hepatoid carcinoma. The morphologic characteristics of tubulopapillary carcinoma with clear cytoplasm were similar to those of the developing gut epithelium at the stage of 2-4 months' gestation. The elution patterns of the serum AFP on lectin-affinity sepharose column study also suggested a correlation with fetal gut differentiation. CONCLUSIONS: AFP-producing clear cell gastric carcinomas are differentiated into fetal intestine. One patient also had hepatocytic and cartilaginous differentiation, indicative of a blastomatous characteristic of the tumor. These tumors arose in association with intestinal metaplasia.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Report on a long-term trial of CYBEST Model 2 for prescreening for squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

The results of a 12 year field trial, on a large patient base, of the CYBEST Model 2, an automated screening system using an image analysis method, are summarized. The cell specimens were stained by a conventional Papanicolaou method. Individual cellular atypism was determined from the sum of the nuclear area, the N/C ratio, the mean nuclear optical density, and the nuclear roundness with an ambiguity function value of 0.4295. CYBEST's final assessment as 'suspicious' or 'normal' was statistically determined from a cumulative histogram of the cellular atypism of a maximum 300 detected cells for each cell population using the Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, and those of unsatisfactory samples were automatically classed as 'rejected', which occurred in 6% of the study. A total of 84 atypical preparations including 17 histologically proven carcinoma patients were encountered during the entire test period from 1977 to 1988, and the overall false negative rate was 1.19% (1/84). Among the results on a total of 42,988 slides during the test period of the last 9 years from 1980 to 1988, the false positives occurred at a rate of 30.7% (12,383/40,307 of non-dysplastic slides) and the false negatives at approximately 2% (1/55 of dysplastic slides). These results are compared with those of other important systems.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1988

[An immunohistochemical analysis of extramammary Paget's disease compared with mammary Paget's disease].

Fourteen cases of extramammary Paget's disease and five cases of mammary Paget's disease have been studied using stereomorphometric, histochemical, and immunohistochemical methods. The antibodies were anti-CEA, anti-EMA, 115D8 and DF3. Intracytoplasmic mucin was positive in Paget's cells, and both 115D8 and DF3 were detected intensely in all of Paget's cells. 115D8 and DF3 were also positive in the normal apocrine sweat gland, the intercellular canaliculi of the eccrine sweat gland, and the intraductal carcinoma of the breast. Therefore, we have concluded that extramammary Paget's disease is an intraepidermal adenocarcinoma originating in the apocrine sweat gland.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Adenoid squamous cell carcinoma of the skin overlying the right breast. An autopsy case clinically manifested with rapid growth and widely spreading metastases.

An autopsy case of a 62-year-old woman with a poorly differentiated, aggressive form of adenoid squamous cell carcinoma arising in the skin overlying the right breast was studied. The tumor, 9 X 8 cm in diameter, had rapidly enlarged since one year before admission from a verrucous lesion of 20 years duration. The histologic features of the tumor showed a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma mainly in the superficial areas, which transformed into, with a zone of transition in between, an alveolar or adenoid structure in the deep invading portion. The adenoid tumor cells exhibited an undifferentiated appearance with prominent nucleoli and frequent mitotic figures. These cells partly showed dyskeratotic or acantholytic features. Mucin was negative. The patient died at 8 months after the operation. Autopsy revealed widely spreading metastases in which an adenoid structure was outstanding. These unusual pathological features and an aggressive behavior of this tumor, which were hitherto rarely described for adenoid squamous cell carcinoma, seemed to be a poorly differentiated variant of the tumor. This malignant transformation might be derived from loss of cohesion of the pre-existing usual well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma in the basal and parabasal layers, inparting marked invasiveness of these cells into the supporting connective tissue.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Tay-Sachs disease with conspicuous cranial computerized tomographic appearances.

An autopsy case of a 3-year-old female infant with Tay-Sachs disease was presented. A cherry red spot in the fundus and a deficiency of N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase A in the white blood cells were revealed soon after admission at the age of one year. Her parents and sister were found to be healthy carriers. The patient showed a typical clinical course with marked cranial swelling. In addition to the marked ballooning of neurons on light microscope, membranous cytoplasmic body (MCB) on electron microscope and abnormal accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in the cerebral cortex by thin layer chromatography were confirmed in the autopsy specimens. In the late stage of her clinical course, the cranial computerized tomography (CT) demonstrated symmetric and deep-wavy hyperdense cerebral cortical zones, diffuse hypodensity and diminished volume of cerebral white matter, mild to moderate ventricular dilatation, and a small cerebellum and brainstem. These conspicuous appearances of the cranial CT seem to be characteristic of Tay-Sachs disease in the late stage, and they are derived from abnormal accumulation of GM2 ganglioside in the cerebral cortex, and diffuse intense demyelination (dysmyelinating demyelination) of the cerebral white matter.

Brain↗
PubMed1985

[Effective postoperative chemotherapy of gastric cancer associated with disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow].

A 35-year-old woman tuffering from gastric cancer associated with disseminated carcinomatosis of the bone marrow is reported. Total gastrectomy combined with splenectomy and distal pancreatectomy was performed. The patient was treated with mitomycin C, FT-207, OK-432, and PSK. But serum ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) values showed gradual elevations followed by deterioration of the patient's general condition. Consequently, chemotherapy program consisting of 5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin (intra-arterially), and cisplatin (intravenously) was initiated. Serum CEA and ALP values were considerably improved, and patient was restored to a better condition. She survived 17 months and died of disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1984

Primary carcinoma in situ of the ureter: a case report.

A case of primary carcinoma in situ of the right ureter without a history of bladder tumors is presented. Cytological investigation of the right ureteral urine specimens revealed malignant cells and computerized tomography showed focal thickening of the upper portion of the right ureter. The patient underwent right nephroureterectomy, including excision of a bladder cuff. The diagnostic role of exfoliative urinary cytology is emphasized.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1984

[A case of malignant clear cell hidradenoma of the skin presumably arising from adenoma].

A left parietal skin tumor showing rapid enlargement in a 33-year-old woman was excised. The cut surface of the skin revealed a whitish tumor 4 cm in diameter associated with a cyst formation. Histologically, the whitish tumor was mucinous carcinoma in which large clear cells were conspicuous. Because nests of clear cell hidradenoma (CCH) were seen in the cyst wall, this carcinoma was diagnosed as malignant CCH presumably arising from a part of benign CCH. Malignant CCHs are thought to be malignant from their onset. Those proved to have developed from benign CCHs like the present case are extremely rare.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1983

Adenoid squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Report of a surgical case clinically manifested with rapid lung metastasis.

A surgical case of an aggressive form of adenoid squamous cell carcinoma of the penis was studied. The histological features of the tumor originating from the coronal region of the penis showed a well differentiated keratinized squamous cell carcinoma in the superficial area, which transformed into, with a zone of transition in between, an alveolar structure in the deep invading portion and in the metastatic tumor in the inguinal lymph nodes. The alveolar lining cells exhibited an undifferentiated appearance with prominent nucleoli, frequent mitotic figures, and vascular invasion. These cells were neither dyskeratotic nor acanthotic as described in the literatures. Mucin was negative in the tumor cells and angiosarcoma was ruled out with a silver impregnation technique. The patient took a rapid downhill course for the ordinary squamous cell carcinoma of the penis, and he expired eight months after penile amputation with a radiological evidence of lung metastasis. These unusual pathological features and an aggressive behavior of this tumor which were not hitherto described for adenoid squamous cell carcinomas necessitated this report. Autopsy was not performed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

[An autopsy case of transcortical motor aphasia].

An autopsy case of transcortical motor aphasia is presented with a pathology located anterior and superior to the pars opercularis of the left inferior frontal gyrus. Case H. Y. A 60-year-old right-handed man. On Nov. 14, 1978, the patient had surgery to remove cerebral hematoma in the left frontal lobe. In the neuropsychological examination before the operation, he had shown the clinical features of transcortical motor aphasia characterized by good comprehension of language, preserved repetition, and spontaneous speech disorder. In this stage, it was supposed that the underlying disturbance of spontaneous speech was due to the disabilities of contextual constructions of sentences rather than the lack of speech initiation. Following the operation, however, spontaneous speech disappeared completely for several days. At the same time, the patient showed problems in comprehension, reading, writing and confrontation naming as well as symptoms of disorientation, pathological inertia and 'loss of initiation' in the psychomotor domain. During the following three months, however, the patient did show slight improvement, except for contextual sentence constructions and pathological inertia when taking the complex animal drawing test. In his terminal stages, the clinical symptoms could be summarized as transcortical motor aphasia and mild frontal lobe syndrome. On March 1, 1979, the patient died of Hamman-Rich syndrome. Postmortem examination: The brain weighed 1294 gm. The external observation of the brain disclosed the linear tissue defect, about 15 mm in length and 10 mm in width, along the radial sulcus of the pars triangularis of the left inferior frontal gyrus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aphasia↗
PubMed1983

Progress report on experimental use of CYBEST model 2 for practical gynecologic mass screening. Alterations of the specimen rejection threshold and specimen preparation.

In order to maintain an acceptable performance of CYBEST model 2 in the field of gynecologic mass screening, the algorithm of rejection for the CYBEST assessment of inadequately oligocellular samples was reviewed, and the mean number of detected cells per square millimeter for passing rejection was raised from two cells to four. The results of field tests obtained after the modification showed a false-positive rate of 28.3% for 9,010 samples as compared with 41.8% for 10,549 samples before the modification while the rejection rate showed a moderate yet acceptable increase after the modification from 4.7% to 7.0%. Some modifications of the specimen preparation routine were also introduced to improve the performance of the system.

False Positive Reactions↗
PubMed1982

[Irritation test of dexamethasone valerate (DV-17) and other steroid ointments in rabbits. Skin and eye primary irritation tests, and skin cumulative irritation test].

The skin and eye primary irritation tests, and skin cumulative irritation test were performed on male rabbits, which were topically treated with a volume of 1 g/body of 0.06% and 0.12% dexamethasone valerate (DV-17) ointments as a test drug, and 0.1% hydrocortisone butyrate (HB) and 0.12% betamethasone valerate (BMV) ointments as an active control drug in order to evaluate the topical and systemic effects. No skin and eye primary irritations except minimal skin erythema and slight conjunctival redness were seen in above four corticosteroids. Judging from the results such as skin atrophy, inhibition of body weight gains, and decreases of thymus, spleen and adrenal weights, the potency of toxicities among the four corticosteroid ointments appeared to be as follows: 0.12% DV-17, 0.12% BMV greater than 0.1% HB greater than 0.06% DV-17.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1982

[Comparative toxicity test of dexamethasone valerate (DV-17) and other steroid ointments in rats].

The comparative toxicity test was performed on male rats, which were topically treated with a volume of 0.25 g/kg of 0.12% dexamethasone valerate (DV-17) ointment as a test drug, and 0.1% dexamethasone (DEX), 0.05% fluocinonide (FAA), 0.025% beclomethasone dipropionate (BMD), 0.1% hydrocortisone butyrate (HB), 0.05% clobetasol propionate (CP) and 0.12% betamethasone valerate (BMV) ointments as an active control drug for 30 consecutive days to evaluate on the effects of following items: body weight changes, adrenal functions (organ weight, histological changes of the cortex and serum contents of corticosterone), pathological changes of hypophysis and lymphatic systems (thymus, mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen), and skin changes. Furthermore, the recovery test was also carried out. The severity of topical toxicities was in parallel with that of systemic toxicities. Judging from the results obtained in this study, the potency of toxicities among seven corticosteroid ointments appeared to be as follows: FAA greater than DEX much greater than CP greater than BMV, DV-17 greater than HB greater than BMD. The toxicities of DV-17 were comparable with that of BMV, and these side effects were found to be minimized on the recovery test.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1980

Acquired cystic disease of the kidney and renal cell carcinoma on long term hemodialysis four surgical cases of young adults in Japan.

Four surgical cases of acquired cystic disease of the kidney in the third decade are reported, which include renal cell carcinoma in three patients and multiple adenomas and cystadenomas in all patients. The intervening parenchyma of these kidneys was disorganized as end stage kidney and numerous cysts were found in both kidneys. Some of the cysts were lined by hyperplastic epithelium consisting of clear and granular cells arranged in piled up and papillary fashion. These cysts were diagnosed as cystadenoma. Multiple solid adenomas of a 28-year-old male on hemodialysis for 6 years were of various size as if arranged in developing stage of the growth. Summing up all cases included in the literature, the mean duration of hemodialysis of the cases with renal tumor was 5.2 years, while 2.9 years without tumor. With increase of duration of hemodialysis, acquired cystic disease of the kidney is exposed to a high risk of developing malignancy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis associated with pencil-shaped softening of the spinal cord: case report.

A 57-year-old man presented with a pulmonary mass and subacute onset of paraplegia. Laboratory examination revealed an increased protein content in the cerebrospinal fluid and a normal myelogram. Autopsy disclosed epidermoid carcinoma in the left lower lobe of the lung, intramedullary metastasis at the midthoracic level, and a central pencil-shaped softening above and below the metastatic lesion. The pencil-shaped softening was an ischemic infarct rather than of hemorrhagic or congestive origin. The pathogenesis of this rare association may be explained by the hypothesis of a tumor embolus in the arterial circulation that feeds the center of the cord, producing metastasis. This embolus was followed later by a second embolus to a radicular artery, causing the pencil-shaped softening of the spinal cord.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗