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Biomedical subjects

A Mundt

Publications and source records attributed to A Mundt.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Stress susceptibility predicts the severity of immune depression and the failure to combat bacterial infections in chronically stressed mice.

Chronic psychological stress has been suggested to play a role in disorders in which the immune system unexpectedly fails to respond in a protective manner. Chronic combined acoustic and restraint stress compromises the anti-bacterial defense mechanisms of female BALB/c mice. The immunodeficiency is characterized by an apoptotic loss of lymphocytes, reduced ex vivo-inducibility of TNF but increased inducibility of IL10, reduced T-cell proliferation, and impaired phagocyte functions. Stressed mice develop depression-like behavior that was monitored by a stress severity score (SSS). Besides a strain (BALB/c>CBA) and gender (male>female) dependent susceptibility to chronic stress, inbred mice have an individual coping ability. Importantly, the individual SSS strongly correlates with Escherichia coli dissemination after infection as well as with IL10-inducibility and circulating corticosterone levels of each animal.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed2002

[Specific behaviour therapy day clinic].

Psychiatric day care has a long tradition. However, psychotherapeutic day care institutions specialising in particular disorders or certain therapeutic approaches are still the exception. A day care unit for behaviour therapy was established at the Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf in 1998 as part of a complex inpatient, day care, and outpatient behaviour therapy unit. The immediate and high acceptance by patients and their doctors indicates a strong need of such a treatment setting. We present how this day care unit works and how it differs from the traditional psychiatric day care.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2002

A method to assess biochemical activity of liver cells during clinical application of extracorporeal hybrid liver support.

Biochemical activity of a hybrid liver support system based on porcine liver cells was investigated in patients suffering from acute liver failure, coma stage III-IV Patient plasma was drawn systemically and after circulation through the bioreactor at four hour intervals. A method is used that takes into account the rate of plasma flow and the differences in plasma concentration systemically and after circulation through the liver support system to determine the net release or uptake of metabolites such as ammonia, urea and glucose. Urea release (mean 2.28+/-0.37 micromol/h/g cells) and ammonia uptake (mean 0.17+/-0.11 micromol/h/g cells) was seen during treatment, an active role of the system in glucose metabolism was observed. All patients were bridged successfully to liver transplantation.

Ammonia↗
PubMed2000

Experimental demonstration of ground state laser cooling with electromagnetically induced transparency.

Ground state laser cooling of a single trapped Ca(+)on is achieved with a technique which tailors the absorption profile for the cooling laser by exploiting electromagnetically induced transparency. Using the Zeeman structure of the S(1/2) to P(1/2) dipole transition we achieve up to 90% ground state probability. The new method is robust, easy to implement, and proves particularly useful for cooling several motional degrees of freedom simultaneously, which is of great practical importance for the implementation of quantum logic schemes with trapped ions.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Postoperative brachytherapy alone for T1-2 N0 squamous cell carcinomas of the oral tongue and floor of mouth with close or positive margins.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of postoperative brachytherapy alone (brachy) for Stage T1-2 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the floor of mouth (FM) and the oral tongue (OT) with close or positive margins. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1979 and 1993, 36 patients with T1-2 N0 (24 T1, 12 T2) OT (19), and FOM (17) SCC with close or positive margins following surgery underwent postoperative brachy. Mean patient age was 56 years (range 37-81) and sex ratio was 3.5:1 male:female. Mean surgery to brachy interval was 36 days (range 16-68). The technique used was interstitial Iridium-192 ((192)Ir) brachytherapy with plastic tubes and manual afterloading. Mean total dose was 60 Gy (range 50-67.4) at a mean dose rate of 0.64 Gy/h (range 0.32-0.94). Mean patient follow-up was 80 months. RESULTS: The 5-year actuarial overall and cause-specific survivals of the entire group were 75% and 85%, respectively. The local control was 88.5% at 2 years, with a plateau apparent after 23 months. Of the 4 local relapses, 2 were salvaged with surgery and external beam radiotherapy (EBR). No tumor or treatment factors, including tumor size, margin status, disease site, or radiation dose, were correlated with local control. The 2 head and neck second primaries underwent curative treatment on nonirradiated tissue. One patient developed a grade 3 sequelae (bone and soft tissue necrosis). Grade 2-3 chronic sequelae were seen in 7 of 17 and 3 of 19 FOM and OT tumors, respectively (p = 0.09). CONCLUSION: Postoperative brachy is a promising approach in T1-2 N0 OT and FOM SCC with close or positive margins. This approach is associated with high rate of locoregional control and low risk of chronic sequelae, obviates major surgery, avoids potential sequelae of EBR (xerostomia, dysgueusia, fibrosis), and avoids treatment of second head and neck primary on nonirradiated tissues.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Social class, life satisfaction and health assessment. Results of a representative study of the German population].

The supposition that a higher risk of morbidity and mortality is connected with the belonging to a particular social class has been confirmed by numerous national and international researches. But still unsolved is the question of how objective social situations do lead to individual processes of disease. In order to solve this question in a representative assessment of the german population, data of 2948 individuals, referring to aspects of life-satisfaction, personality, subjective complaints and attitudes to current state of health, has been ascertained. In nearly all scales of the chosen instruments significant gradients connected to social class have been found. Persons belonging to a lower social class show a minor life satisfaction, significant differences in personality, higher subjective complaints and a poor state of health. This persons also seem to be convinced that they could do less to care for their health. This self-assessment indicates processes, that stand before the state of manifestation of disease. They can be seen as an expression of persons mental reflection of their social situation. Within the context of this analysis of social inequality and disease we argue to include psychological theories and stress theory in sociological theories. They achieve an important contribution to the clarification of the interface between social class, respectively life circumstances, experiences of distress, available resources of coping with the situation and the individual process of development of disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Labor pain from the viewpoint of the modern knowledge of pain physiology].

The valuation and treatment of labor pains require complete morphological and anatomical informations about the neuronal systems concerned. A review is given about modern model conceptions in perception, modulation and transmission of pain, based on the latest knowledges in the pain research. The identification of central control- and modulation systems is very important for the actual theory of pain. Pains and also labor pains are caused as a result of complicated nerval connective principles with slim relation to endocrinological system and are also connected with a lot of individual psychical influences. Essentially, four functional stages are passed from the place of nociceptive perception to the registration in the telencephalon. These are depicted in consideration of numerous afferent and efferent, biochemical and hormonal, stimulated and inhibited modulation effects. Various pain inhibitory mechanisms, such as biogenic amines and endogenous opioids are discussed by reference to interesting aspects in new therapeutical possibilities in treatment of pain and also of labor pains.

Afferent Pathways↗