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Biomedical subjects

A N Brenbridge

Publications and source records attributed to A N Brenbridge.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Fetal evaluation by percutaneous blood sampling.

Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (cordocentesis) provides direct access to the fetal circulation in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Seventeen patients underwent this procedure between December 1985 and December 1986 for evaluation of a variety of clinical situations, including nonlethal fetal abnormalities detected by ultrasound, equivocal results of amniocentesis, nonimmune fetal hydrops, and isoimmune disorders. Our experience confirms the efficacy of the procedure and suggests that it may become an important tool for fetal assessment and therapy.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1987

Pathologic significance of nephromegaly in pediatric disease.

Ultrasonic renal volume and length measurements are easily performed in pediatric patients. Increases in volume over the normal level provide a potentially attractive method of assessing the severity and progression or regression of renal diseases. However, an analysis of data on 59 children with clinical renal disease and nephromegaly did not demonstrate any correlation with severity of the disease. We conclude that increases in renal length and volume in pediatric patients may indicate the presence of disease but not its severity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Carcinosarcoma of the breast: radiologic, ultrasonographic, and pathologic correlation.

Carcinosarcoma of the breast is a rare neoplasm which has been reported less than 20 times. Comprised of both malignant epithelial and malignant connective tissue components, it may radiographically exhibit features of either cellular element. We report the first film-screen mammographic description of such a lesion in a breast. Osteoid matrix calcification demonstrated mammographically should, in retrospect, have suggested osteogenic elements preoperatively.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Sonographic findings in the prenatal diagnosis of cephalothoracopagus syncephalus. A case report.

The ultrasonic intrauterine diagnosis of cephalothoracopagus, a form of conjoined twinning, can be made when a monochorionic monoamniotic gestation contains a single head and torso accompanied by eight limbs. This is the second reported case of the syncephalus variety of cephalothoracopagus twins associated with clomiphene citrate use; however, the association is believed to be coincidental rather than causative.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Increased renal cortical echogenicity in pediatric renal disease: histopathologic correlations.

Retrospective comparisons between sonographic renal cortical echogenicity and the results of renal biopsies were made for 65 pediatric patients ranging in age from neonate to 18 years. There was a positive correlation between an increase in renal cortical echoes and interstitial infiltration as well as with glomerular obsolescence, tubular atrophy, and vascular changes. Since the sonographic changes were heterogeneous in origin, they are not specific. The sonographic findings also correlated positively with the clinical severity of disease. However, the heterogeneous origins of the sonographic finding and the absence of strong correlations indicate that gray-scale sonography cannot act as a prognostic index of the type or severity of disease in pediatric patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Nephrosonography and renal scintigraphy in evaluation of newborn with renomegaly.

Prompt diagnosis of renomegaly in the newborn is necessary for appropriate medical or surgical management to insure maximal recovery of renal function. To investigate both renal structure and function without iodinated contrast infusion, combined ultrasonography and nuclear scintigraphy were evaluated in 17 newborns with renomegaly and 6 infants with cystic renal abnormalities detected in utero. In 18 patients, intravenous pyelography (IVP) and/or voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) were performed subsequently. While ultrasonography or scintigraphy alone provided the major diagnosis in 48 per cent and 30 per cent of cases, respectively, the combination of both studies yielded the major diagnosis in 87 per cent. Subsequent IVP was less informative than combined sonography and scintigraphy in 5 of 15 patients, and VCUG confirmed the final diagnosis in 4 of 13 patients. We conclude that initial evaluation of the newborn with renomegaly should comprise ultrasonography followed by nuclear scintigraphy. This combination of studies provides adequate information to determine subsequent management in nearly 90 per cent of cases without subjecting infants to the risks of contrast infusion or higher doses of diagnostic levels of radiation.

Female↗
PubMed1984

Computed tomography of mural thrombosis in the hypereosinophilic syndrome.

The hypereosinophilic syndrome characteristically involves multiple organs. Its most severe debilities are associated with cardiac and central nervous system complications. Endothelial damage can result in intracardiac thrombosis, endocardial fibrosis, and progressive congestive failure. Computerized tomography is of value in making the diagnosis of an intracardiac mass. Simultaneous evaluation of the pericardiac and extracardiac structures may aide in the distinction of a thrombus from a neoplasm.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Prognostic factors in neonatal acute renal failure.

Sixteen infants, 2 to 35 days of age, had acute renal failure, a diagnosis based on serum creatinine concentrations greater than 1.5 mg/dL for at least 24 hours. Eight infants were oliguric (urine flow less than 1.0 mL/kg/h) whereas the remainder were nonoliguric. To determine clinical parameters useful in prognosis, urine flow rate, duration of anuria, peak serum creatinine, urea (BUN) concentration, and nuclide uptake by scintigraphy were correlated with recovery. Nine infants had acute renal failure secondary to perinatal asphyxia, three had acute renal failure as a result of congenital cardiovascular disease, and four had major renal anomalies. Four oliguric patients died: three of renal failure and one of heart failure. All nonoliguric infants survived with mean follow-up serum creatinine concentration of 0.8 +/- 0.5 (SD) mg/dL whereas that of oliguric survivors was 0.6 +/- 0.3 mg/dL. Peak serum creatinine concentration did not differ between those patients who were dying and those recovering. All infants who were dying remained anuric at least four days and revealed no renal uptake of nuclide. Eleven survivors were anuric three days or less, and renal perfusion was detectable by scintigraphy in each case. However, the remaining survivor (with bilateral renal vein thrombosis) recovered after 15 days of anuria despite nonvisualization of kidneys by scintigraphy. In neonates with ischemic acute renal failure, lack of oliguria and the presence of identifiable renal uptake of nuclide suggest a favorable prognosis.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1984

Breast skin thickness: normal range and causes of thickening shown on film-screen mammography.

We measured breast skin thickness on the film-screen mammograms of 250 asymptomatic women and found a normal range of 0.7-2.3 mm in the superior quadrant and 0.7-2.7 mm in the inferior quadrant as measured on the mediolateral view and 0.6-2.4 mm in the medial quadrant and 0.5-2.1 mm in the lateral quadrant as measured on the craniocaudad view. In our experience a skin thickness of greater than 2.5 mm suggests the presence of disease. Causes of skin thickening in our series of 44 patients included carcinoma, metastases, post radiation therapy, post surgery, infection, and anasarca. Other reported causes are trauma, fat necrosis, dermatologic conditions, and lymphoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Limitations of ultrasonography in evaluating patients with jaundice or cholecystectomy.

Abdominal ultrasonography has been shown to accurately distinguish medical (nonobstructive) jaundice from surgical (obstructive) jaundice. As occurs commonly with a new diagnostic procedure, initial evaluations are enthusiastic and emphasize the positive features of the technic. When further experience with the procedure is acquired, its negative features are recognised and reported. We review our experience and that of others to stress the limitations of ultrasonography and the potential for misinterpretation of its findings when evaluating the biliary tract in patients with jaundice or postcholecystectomy biliary colic. The applications of computed tomography and cholescintigraphy are briefly and critically evaluated in this same patient population. The role of sonography as a screening procedure and the findings that indicate the need to proceed to other imaging technics are examined. Finally, we describe our criteria for choosing the next step in the diagnostic evaluation--intravenous, percutaneous transhepatic, or endoscopic retrograde cholangiography.

Cholangiography↗
PubMed1980

Nuclear scintigraphy and ultrasound in the diagnosis of congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction is well known. The traditional mainstay of diagnosis has been excretory urography. However, in the neonatal period ultrasound and renal scintigraphy should be the initial diagnostic procedures for this disease. Excretory urography may be tailored or eliminated using these 2 tests as guides. We report a case of bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction diagnosed in utero and suggest a diagnostic study, stressing the liabilities of excretory urography in the neonate or young child.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Choledochal cyst: sonographic evaluation of an unusual case.

The preeminence of sonography in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice has already been established. Earlier reports have described a variety of radiologic modalities used to establish the diagnosis of choledochal cyst. Our case illustrates the usefulness of sonography in differential consideration, though either transhepatic or operative cholangiography is necessary to further define the point and nature of the obstructive process and to determine that the cyst communicates with the common bile duct.

Common Bile Duct Diseases↗
PubMed1980

In utero diagnosis of multicystic kidney disease by sonography.

Multicystic kidney, one of the more common renal anomalies presenting in the newborn period, can be diagnosed in utero sonographically. The sonographic differentiation among the varied renal cystic disease is briefly discussed and the utility outlined.

Adult↗