[Reactivity of buccal epitheliocytes: indication of local and general impairment in hemostasis (a literature review)].
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Epithelial Cells↗
Biomedical subjects
A N Maianskiĭ
Publications and source records attributed to A N Maianskiĭ.
[Viral persistence: immunological and pathogenetic aspects].
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Animals↗
[Phagocytosis: problems and prospects].
The paper reviews the current status of the teaching of phagocytosis and its main trends of development, by making comments on the investigations of the receptor-dependent responses of phagocytes, their interaction with the endothelium, ways of realization of the effector potential of the phagosystem. It underlines an active role of phagocytes in general and partial pathology. A great emphasis is laid on the problem of cell conditioning (priming, deactivation) and its value in characterizing inflammatory complications and responses of the body. The physiological (homeostatic) and pathophysiological (pathogenic) activities of phagocytes are considered to be a reflection of the fundamental dialectics of the mechanisms determining stabilization and destabilization of homeostasis.
Animals↗
[Changes in the adhesive capacity of the substrates during the IgG- and C3b-dependent adhesion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes].
The capacity of IgG-sepharose, C3b-sephadex and DEAE-sephadex to adsorb human neutrophils after repeated contacts with these cells was studied. A reduction of neutrophil adhesion was found only in experiments with receptor-dependent sorbents (IgG-sepharose, C3b-sephadex). The reduction of adsorption capacity of neutrophil IgG-sepharose was not due to products secreted by cells into the incubation medium or to IgG elimination from the sorbent surface. The data are considered to be a result of ligand molecules modification at the point of neutrophil adhesion contacts with the substrate. The role of this mechanism in neutrophil desorption process is discussed.
Cell Adhesion↗
[Effects of concanavalin A on different variants of adhesive reactions of human neutrophils].
The influence of Con A on human neutrophils adhesion in interactions with sepharose 4B, C3b-sephadex G-25, DEAE-sephadex A-25, polymethylmethacrylate was studied. In concentrations 25 mg/ml and more Con A completely inhibited IgG-dependent adhesion but had no influence on other types of adhesion reactions. The effect was due to Con A interaction with neutrophils and could not be reproduced by Con A pretreatment of IgG-sepharose. Results are considered to be a manifestation of lectin-dependent modulation of cell receptors functions.
Concanavalin A↗
[Determination of the reactive luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of neutrophils].
Reactive luminol-dependent neutrophilic chemiluminescence was estimated in 25 children aged 4 to 14. No essential differences in spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence of venous and capillary blood samples diluted 1:100 were detected. Therefore both methods may be used.
Adolescent↗
[Evaluation of the alternative approach to complement activation using C3-dependent adhesion].
The authors suggest a method of functional probing of the complement alternative cascade, the jist of it being analysis of the neutrophil adhesion to sephadex granules treated with serum or another complement-containing substrate. The advantages of the method are analyzed, and the range of its application suggested.
Complement Activation↗
[The characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan in the spectrum of the reactivity of human lymphocytes to bacterial peptidoglycans].
The sensitivity of lymphocytes of healthy persons to S. aureus peptidoglycan as compared with that to the polyclonal stimulator zymosan C3b and peptidoglycans of other bacteria (Streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Bacterium bifidum) was analyzed with a test system permitting the determination of specific reactivity to peptidoglycans. The analysis showed that at the peak of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (25-30 minutes) individual reactivity to S. aureus peptidoglycan varied within wide limits (the coefficient of lymphocyte stimulation was 1.4-9.6, 3.5 +/- 0.6), exceeding sensitivity to other bacteria, as well as the values obtained in the negative control. The conclusion of the wide spread of sensitization to S. aureus peptidoglycan and the possibility of using this preparation for the study of cell-mediated immunity reactions was made.
Bifidobacterium↗
[The response of human lymphocytes to Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan in a system of opsonic cooperation].
Interaction of lymphocytes with S. aureus peptidoglycan treated with normal human serum and its fractions was studied on the basis of luminol-dependent chemiluminescent reaction. Treatment with whole serum led to the considerable increase and acceleration of lymphocytic reactions. The opsonic effect mainly depended on antibodies and complement, the contribution of other opsonins (which could be partially attributed to fibronectin) did not exceed 30%. IgG and fibronectin in concentrations, similar to their concentration in normal human plasma, enhanced the reactions 3.4 +/- 0.3 (p less than 0.05) and 1.5 +/- 0.005 (p greater than 0.05) times, respectively. The problem of the intrapopulation profile of opsonic-lymphocytic reactions and their role in the system of cell-mediated and humoral interactions is discussed.
Adult↗
[IgG- and C3-dependent adhesion of neutrophils in systems with allogeneic and xenogeneic ligands].
Interactions of human and rat neutrophils with allogenic and xenogeneic ligands were investigated. Human blood neutrophils reacted equally with human and rat IgG; IgG-dependent adhesion of rat neutrophils (from aseptic peritoneal exudate or blood) was observed only in allogenic system. C3-dependent reactions of neutrophils were observed both in allogenic and xenogeneic systems. The advantage of allogenic combinations in this case was reliable only for rat neutrophils. The relation of obtained results to structural and functional heterogeneity of receptors and ligands is discussed.
Animals↗
[Reaction of C 3B-dependent phagocyte adhesion in predicting suppurative-inflammatory diseases in newborn infants].
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Bacterial Adhesion↗
[Chemiluminescence of human lymphocytes in reactions with Staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan].
The capacity of S. aureus peptidoglycan (PG) for inducing the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of human lymphocytes has been studied. Lymphocytes taken from adult donors have been found to give dose-dependent reaction to S. aureus PG, while lymphocytes from newborn infants have been inert under the same conditions. Essential differences in the kinetics of response to PG (the maximum intensity of chemiluminescence occurs in 25-30 minutes) and to phytohemagglutinin (the maximum intensity is reached in 1 minute) were observed. These results are considered as the manifestation of specific sensitization to bacterial peptidoglycans, which may be rapidly detected by reactive chemiluminescence.
Adult↗
[Opsonic and anti-opsonic effects of the synovial fluid in patients with rheumatoid arthritis based on its effect on the complement-dependent adhesion of neutrophils].
A method has been developed for the assessment of the synovial fluid (SF) complement-dependent opsonic characteristics basing on the intensity of neutrophil adhesion to SF-pretreated Sephadex granules. Examinations of 25 patients with rheumatoid arthritis have detected the lowest complement-dependent opsonization (CDD) in the patients with extraarticular symptoms. CDD showed a tendency to normalization over the course of intraarticular glucocorticoid therapy. No anti-opsonic effects of SF have been recorded. Examinations of 8 synovial exudates from patients with osteoarthrosis deformans have revealed SF CDD much higher than that in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
[Reactivity of human lymphocytes to yeast-like and mold fungi].
The capacity of the allergens of mold fungi (Rhizopus nigricans, Mucor pusillus, Alternaria tenuis, Cladosporum herbarum, Fusarium oxysporum) and yeast-like fungi (Candida albicans) to induce the production of lymphokins by human lymphocytes was studied. All these preparations were active in reactions with lymphocytes obtained from adult donors, but did not activate lymphocytes of newborns (obtained from umbilical blood). In equal doses (10 micrograms/ml) C. albicans allergen was more active than the preparations of mold fungi. The capacity of bacterial allergens to stimulate human lymphocytes was found to be either more pronounced (in Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes) than that of the preparation of C. albicans or equal to it (in Streptococcus faecalis). The results thus obtained may be regarded as the manifestation of immunological contacts with the antigens of different microorganisms, as well as the evidence of the immunological nature of lymphocytic reactions to preparations intended for use in clinical allergology.
Adolescent↗
[Clinical value of determining spontaneous chemiluminescence of neutrophils in young children with meningococcal infection].
The generalized meningococcal infection in infants in frequently associated with changes (mostly with an increase) in neutrophil reactivity, which can be identified with the aid of spontaneous luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) of diluted blood. The changes in the functional activity of neutrophils mirror the adequacy of the reaction to the meningococcal infection, which turns out maximal in the patterns of medium gravity. The low indicators of CL serve as a prognostic criterion for an unfavourable course of the meningococcal infection, which requires early immunocorrective treatment.
Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
[C3b-mediated chemiluminescence of human lymphocytes].
Data are presented concerning peculiarities of human lymphocyte luminol-dependent chemiluminescence stimulated with C3b-opsonized and native zymosan. The response was maximal by the 60th min and 4-17 exceeded the results of the negative control. The C3b-opsonization considerably potentiated the lymphocyte activating zymosan's properties and the rate of reaction/maximal level at the 10th min; the effect of phytohemagglutinin reached max by the end of the 1st min in the same tests. The functional significance of the CR- and lectin-mediated structures of lymphocytes is discussed.
Complement C3b↗
[Reactivity of neutrophils in systems with peptidoglycans of different species of Staphylococcus].
The work presents the results of the comparative study of the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of human neutrophils stimulated with peptidoglycans of 14 staphylococcal species. The intensity of chemiluminescence greatly varied, which was not linked with specific antigenic and structural features of peptidoglycans. The maximal chemiluminescence was induced by S. aureus and S. cohnii peptidoglycans and the minimal chemiluminescence, by S. lentus and S. epidermidis peptidoglycans. The data obtained in experiments on cross restimulation with homologous and heterologous peptidoglycans suggest that the mechanisms of neutrophil activation are similar in character, differing from the mechanism of latex-induced chemiluminescence. These data were analyzed from the viewpoint of the heterogeneity of bacterial peptidoglycans and its effect on their relationship with neutrophils.
Humans↗
[Relation between natural bacterial colonization and adhesion to human buccal epithelium].
As the results of the quantitative study of Streptococcus salivarius adhering to buccal epithelial cells, three levels of their natural colonization were established: low (less than 20 bacteria per epithelial cell), medium (20-50 bacteria), and high (more than 50 bacteria). The characteristics of natural colonization by S. salivarius inversely correlated with the resistance of epithelial cells to the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the process of interaction with P. aeruginosa highly adhesive strain, S. salivarius, naturally colonizing the cells of the buccal epithelium, decreased in number 2-10 times up to complete desorption. These results may be regarded as the manifestation of one of the mechanisms regulating the microecological balance in the system of mucous membranes.
Adolescent↗