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Biomedical subjects

A N Sokolov

Publications and source records attributed to A N Sokolov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Is leukemic transformation of donor cells possible?].

AIM: To genotype tumor cells in the recurrence of leukemia after allogenic transplantation of bone marrow (TBM). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Standard cytogenetics and fluorescent hybridization in situ (FISH) with a probe to the centrometic sites of X/Y chromosomes were used in examination of 2 patients with acute promyelocytic and acute non-differentiated leukemia after allogenic TBM from donors of the opposite gender. Bone marrow was studied 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 17, 18 months after the transplantation. RESULTS: One of the patient in leukemia recurrence there were 72% cells with one X chromosome with unknown origin. 28% donor cells were with genotype XX. The primary archival cytological sample of the recipient's bone marrow 68% cells did not contain Y chromosome. Thus, the clone with Y loss is the recipient's clone and leukemia after transplantation developed from the recipient's cells. The other patient had only 8% dividing cells with her karyotype XX with translocation t(10;11) while 92% metaphases were donor's ones; the interphase cells ratio was 75% of host cells and 25% donor cells. This confirms leukemia origin from the recipient's cells. CONCLUSION: High sensitive quantitative method FISH indicates a true correlation between the host and donor cells and is a method of choice for genotyping leukemic cells in recurrence after transplantation of bone marrow. While standard caryotyping depends on mytotic activity of donor and host cell populations, use of only one cytogenetic test for determination of leukemia origin after TBM may provoke diagnostic errors.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Superhigh doses of dexamethasone in treatment of refractory forms of acute lymphoblast leukemia of adults].

AIM: Assessment of high-dose dexamethasone efficacy in combination with standard drugs (adriablastin, vincristin, alpha-asparaginase) in patients with refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A pilot multicenter trial with participation of hematological departments of Hematological Research Center (Moscow), municipal hospital N 1 (Krasnoyarsk), municipal hospital N 8 (Yaroslavl), Research Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion (Kirov) included 34 patients (10 patients with late recurrences, 24--with primary resistant forms, early and secondary recurrences). RESULTS: In patients with late ALL recurrences a complete remission (CR) was achieved in 70% cases, the median being 10 months. In patients with primary resistant ALL, early and secondary recurrences CR reached 37.5%, the median was 14 months. CONCLUSION: The program HiDexa is highly effective: overall complete remission rate reached 47%, median of complete remission duration was 10 months. Dexamethasone in high doses must be used only intravenously.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Effectiveness of cyclosporin A in the treatment of adult patients with aplastic anemia].

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of cyclosporin A (CyA) at different stages of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) in patients with aplastic anemia (AA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The efficacy of CyA was studied in 56 patients with AA. The agent was orally given in an initial dose of 10 mg/kg as solution or capsules. Its daily dose during a treatment course varies with the serum CyA levels and clinical tolerance. CyA was used in 17 patients at the first stage of treatment, in 8 with recurrent AA, and in 31 after ineffective previous therapy (antilymphocytic globulin therapy--ALGT, splenectomy). Erythropoiesis was evaluated by the count of erythrokaryocytes and by relative erythroid hyperplasia of the bone marrow and by using erythrokaryocytic PAS reaction, by calculating the total count of sideroblasts and ringed sideroblasts. RESULTS: A positive response was obtained in 41% of the patients with AA. Its pattern depended on the severity of AA, on CyA use regimens, and treatment duration: when treatment with CyA lasted 6-12 months, its efficacy considerably increased (positive responses in severe AA and mild AA being in 64 and 94%, respectively). It has been found that high (over 6%) baseline bone marrow ringed sideroblasts in patients with AA may be regarded as a poor predictor in the context of the efficacy of this agent. CONCLUSION: CyA is recommended for combined IST in patients with AA at the second stage of treatment (after antilymphocytic globulin administration) in order to perform long-term (12-month) immunosuppression by choosing the optimum dose on an individual basis and by continuously monitoring the quality of a response.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Ultrasound-controlled minimally invasive surgical interventions in abdominal abscesses].

Results of ultrasound-controlled minimally invasive surgical interventions (UAMISI) for abdominal abscesses are analyzed. 84 operations were performed in 72 patients with good results. Puncture method was used in 12 patients, drainage operation--in 58, endoscopy-guided puncture method--in 2 patients. Indications for different ultrasonic-assisted interventions are developed. It is concluded that at present the UAMISI are the alternative to conventional "open" treatment of abdominal abscesses.

Abdominal Abscess↗
PubMed2000

[The induction of the antitumor activity of T-lymphocytes by antigen-presenting cells obtained from the blast cells of patients with acute leukemias].

AIM: To produce antigen-presenting cells (APC) from tumor cells of patients with acute leukemia and to induce autologous cytotoxic tumor-specific T-lymphocytes in vivo and in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Culture examinations, flow cytofluorometry were made in 3 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 1 patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). RESULTS: Culturing of blast cells in the presence of growth factors produced APC in 4 patients with acute leukemia. The use of fibronectin layer with added collagen proved most effective for the above production. In culture, APC induced autologous tumor-specific T-lymphocytes which selectively lysed tumor cells. Pilot clinical trial was made of dendritic cells suspension in a patient with resistant AML. CONCLUSION: A new perspective immunotherapy of acute leukemia is proposed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Motion extrapolation and velocity transposition.

A study of the effect of the size of a moving target and the extent of its visible motion on motion extrapolation is reported. Targets (a horizontal pair of dots separated by either 0.2 or 0.8 deg) moved across a 10 deg rectilinear path and were then occluded. Observers pressed a key when they thought the leading dot of a hidden target had reached a randomly specified position (0-12 deg from the point of occlusion). In experiment 1, in agreement with velocity-transposition predictions, at moderate (5 deg s-1) and rapid (10 deg s-1) velocities extrapolation times were longer for large targets than for small ones. At slow velocity (2.5 deg s-1) this effect was reversed. In experiment 2 the effect of target size at moderate velocity was found for a short (2.5 deg) visible path. However, the extrapolation time increased with shorter (2.5 deg versus 10 deg) paths. A proposed account of these effects suggests that the visual system performs a spatiotemporal scaling, according to the velocity-transposition principle, not only of visible motion but also of extrapolated motion.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Experience with using aclarubicin in the treatment of acute leukemia and blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia].

The clinical efficacy of aclarubicin, an anthracycline antibiotic, was studied in 48 patients with leukemia. The antibiotic was used in the following combinations with cytarabine: "7 + 7", "5 + 5" and "7 & 3". A complete remission was stated in 14 (42.4 per cent) out of 33 patients with acute nonlymphoid leukemia, 6 (43 per cent) out of the 14 patients having relapses. The combined therapy was effective in 4 out of 5 pre-resistant patients. The "7 + 3" scheme was the most beneficial. The most common adverse reactions were nausea and vomiting.

Aclarubicin↗