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Biomedical subjects

A Nakane

Publications and source records attributed to A Nakane.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The relationship between clinical symptoms and anaerobic bacteria from infected root canals.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the composition of bacterial flora from infected root canals and clinical symptoms. The materials evaluated consisted of 28 teeth from 25 patients with apical periodontitis. Eubacterium were found to be significantly related to acute or chronic clinical symptoms and Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, and Porphyromonas gingivalis to subacute clinical symptoms. We suggested that Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus, Eubacterium, Porphyromonas, and Bacteroides were significantly related to percussion pain; Porphyromonas and Bacteroides were significantly related to odor in the infected root canals. Many Bacteroides were isolated from most of the infected root canals.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Endotoxin and gram-negative bacteria in the rat periapical lesions.

The purpose of this study was to measure the amount of endotoxin as well as to identify Gram-negative bacteria in experimental periapical lesions in rats. Molar pulps were exposed and infected and the amount of endotoxin in the periapical tissue of the right mandibular first molar was measured by Endospecy, while the colony number of Gram-negative bacteria was determined in the same region of the left mandibular first molar. In the control animals, the amount of endotoxin in the periapical tissues did not change at all during the experimental period, and no Gram-negative bacteria were isolated. In the experimental animals, the amount of endotoxin in the periapical tissues increased gradually from 1 to 70 days, and its level was significantly greater than that of control animals after 7 days. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the periapical tissues and their number gradually increased from 1 to 14 days (26 to 82%), but decreased at 21 days. It was approximately 60% from 28 to 70 days. The results of this study showed that the amount of endotoxin in the periapical tissues gradually increased with increasing time and that Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the same region but did not increase in number concurrently with the increase in the amount of endotoxin.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Correlation between increased susceptibility to primary Toxoplasma gondii infection and depressed production of gamma interferon in pregnant mice.

To explore a possible mechanism of pregnancy-associated suppression of T cell-mediated immunity to Toxoplasma gondii, acquired resistance and gamma interferone (IFN-gamma) production in pregnant mice were compared with those in virgin mice after infection with the S-273 strain of this protozoan parasite. The 50% lethal dose of this strain was less than 200 tachyzoites for pregnant mice and 2,800 organisms for virgin controls. Toxoplasma-induced production of both IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma in the bloodstream of pregnant mice was significantly depressed as compared with that in virgin controls. The administration of recombinant murine IFN-gamma (rMuIFN-gamma) resulted in a significant decrease of mortality and parasitic growth in the organs of pregnant mice infected with a lethal dose of S-273 strain tachyzoites. Thus, the impairment of T cell-mediated immune responses was evident in pregnant mice from the impaired IFN-gamma-generating capacity and poor survival rate after primary infection with Toxoplasma. When mice with chronic Toxoplasma infection were injected with specific antigen, the resultant production of IFN-gamma was also significantly suppressed during pregnancy. However, there was no direct correlation between the serum levels of IFN-gamma and susceptibility to reinfection, since the mortality rate of chronically infected pregnant mice after the challenge with the high virulent RH strain was not significantly higher than that of virgin controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Endogenous tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and gamma interferon levels during Listeria monocytogenes infection in mice.

Mice were infected intravenously with a sublethal dose of Listeria monocytogenes cells and then levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in the bloodstreams, spleens, and livers were monitored. The maximum level of TNF was detected at 72 h in the spleens and livers, but TNF was never detected in the bloodstreams. IL-6 appeared in the bloodstreams and spleens and peaked at 48 h. The maximum level of IFN-gamma could be detected in all three specimens, and the highest titer was shown in the spleens. Endogenous TNF production was suppressed by in vivo administration of anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (MAb) or anti-asialo GM1 antibody but not by anti-CD8 MAb, whereas none of these antibodies suppressed endogenous IL-6 production. Endogenous production of neither IL-6 nor IFN-gamma was inhibited in rabbit anti-recombinant mouse TNF-alpha antibody-treated mice. Similarly, production of TNF and IL-6 did not decrease in anti-mouse IFN-gamma MAb-treated animals, but TNF production was augmented in these animals. These results suggest that the these endogenous cytokines are produced by different mechanisms in L. monocytogenes infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Functional evaluation of tumor-infiltrating mononuclear cells. Detection of endogenous interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human colorectal adenocarcinomas.

Quantitative evaluation of the levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the extracts of tumors and their corresponding normal tissues resected from 43 patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma was done using solid-phase, sandwich radioimmunoassay. The levels of both IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha detected in the tumor tissues were higher than those in the corresponding normal colorectal tissues obtained from each patient. A significant negative correlation was observed between the level of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha in each tumor extract. The decrease of the level of IFN-gamma in the tumor correlated with the advance of clinical stage, and the levels of IFN-gamma of the patients with distant metastases were significantly lower than those of the patients without distant metastases. However, an increase in the level of TNF-alpha correlated not only with an enlarged diameter but also with the extent of the primary tumor. Immunohistochemical staining of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha producing cells in tumor tissues showed that IFN-gamma was mainly produced by CD4+ CD8- T-lymphocytes and TNF-alpha was mainly produced by CD11c+ cells with macrophage-like morphology. These results suggest that CD4+ T-lymphocytes that produce IFN-gamma might play an important role in the antitumor response against cancer progression in human colorectal adenocarcinomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

Immunoregulatory cytokine release in rat spleen cell cultures after treatment with bleomycin and its analogues in vivo.

We have studied the immunological effects that accompany a change in the chemical structure of a group of antineoplastic antibiotics by comparing the immunoregulatory cytokine release during mitogen-stimulated spleen cell culture after in vivo drug treatment. Whereas bleomycin and peplomycin increased cytokine levels in culture supernatants when compared with supernatants from untreated control rat spleen cell cultures, liblomycin generally reduced cytokine levels under the same culture conditions. We then compared these results with the antitumor effects of equivalent doses of the three drugs against a highly antigenic rat fibrosarcoma, KMT-17, both in vivo and in vitro. The results suggest that the immunoaugmenting effects of these antitumor antibiotics are essential for an optimal antitumor effect in vivo, and that these effects can be drastically altered by modification of the chemical structure of the drugs employed.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Endogenous gamma interferon-independent host resistance against Listeria monocytogenes infection in CD4+ T cell- and asialo GM1+ cell-depleted mice.

The effects of in vivo administration of antibodies against T-cell subsets and asialo GM1 (ASGM1)-bearing cells on endogenous gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production and host defense in Listeria monocytogenes-infected mice were investigated. Endogenous IFN-gamma titers in the bloodstreams and spleen extracts of mice on day 2 of infection were partially suppressed by administration of rabbit anti-ASGM1 antibody, but not by anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody (MAb) or anti-CD8 MAb. Of the different combinations of these three antibodies, the most suppressive effect on IFN-gamma production was observed after administration of anti-CD4 Mab and anti-ASGM1 antibody, although anti-CD8 MAb combined with anti-CD4 MAb partially inhibited IFN-gamma production. In contrast, antilisterial resistance was suppressed by the administration of anti-CD8 MAb but not by anti-CD4 MAb or anti-ASGM1 antibody. Antilisterial resistance in mice in which both CD4+ cells and ASGM1+ cells had been depleted was performed as efficiently as in normal mice in spite of the fact that endogenous IFN-gamma production was markedly suppressed. Furthermore, these mice also eliminated L. monocytogenes cells efficiently from the spleens even when they were pretreated with anti-mouse IFN-gamma MAb. These results indicate that CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and ASGM1+ cells are all responsible for endogenous IFN-gamma production and that antilisterial resistance and endogenous IFN-gamma production are not absolutely correlated.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Interferon induction by human herpesvirus 6 in human mononuclear cells.

Interferon (IFN) production after inoculation with human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) was studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 10 HHV-6-seropositive healthy adults and five samples of cord blood mononuclear cells. When the cells were exposed to HHV-6 at a multiplicity of infection of 10(-2) 50% tissue culture infectious doses/cell, IFN activity was detected as early as 12 h after exposure to HHV-6, plateaued at days 2-5, and gradually decreased thereafter. IFN was also induced by ultraviolet-inactivated but not heat-inactivated HHV-6. The response of cord blood mononuclear cells was lower than that of the cells from healthy adults. The activity of all IFN samples was stable to acid and exclusively neutralized by anti-human IFN-alpha. The IFN-producing cell population was mainly non-T cells and monocytes. Furthermore, exogenous IFN suppressed HHV-6 replication. Production of IFN-alpha may be an important part of the host response to HHV-6.

Cell Separation↗
PubMed1990

Evidence that endogenous gamma interferon is produced early in Listeria monocytogenes infection.

It has been presumed that gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), which plays an essential role in antilisterial resistance, is produced late in Listeria monocytogenes infection. In the present study, however, IFN-gamma was detected in the bloodstreams and spleens of mice from days 1 to 4 of L. monocytogenes infection by both a double-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and an immunohistochemical technique, suggesting that endogenous IFN-gamma is produced early but not late in L. monocytogenes infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Suppression of host resistance against Listeria monocytogenes infection by 15-deoxyspergualin in mice.

The effects of 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG), an immunosuppressive agent, on host resistance against Listeria monocytogenes were studied in mice. Administration of DSG in the early phase of infection resulted in fatal listeriosis by preventing acquired anti-listerial resistance, even though the infectious dose was sublethal for the untreated controls. In contrast, DSG treatment started after development of the acquired immunity was ineffective. Endogenous production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in the bloodstreams induced by the infection was normal in DSG-treated mice. Nevertheless, augmentation of macrophage functions such as expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens, phagocytic activity and listericidal activity induced by the infection was abrogated by DSG treatment. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of DSG on anti-listerial resistance might be different from cyclosporine A (CsA).

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Human tumor necrosis factor increases the resistance against Listeria infection in mice.

The resistance in mice against Listeria infection was augmented by treatment with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF). To elucidate this phenomenon, we examined the effect of TNF on macrophage activation. TNF-treated macrophages had listericidal activity in vitro and superoxide anion production. In addition, macrophage migration was inhibited in the presence of TNF. Therefore, activation of macrophages by TNF was similar to activation by macrophage-activating factor or macrophage-migration-inhibitory factor.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

An epidemiological investigation of emotional and behavioral problems in primary school children in Japan. The report of the first phase of a WHO collaborative study in Western Pacific Region.

1860 primary school children, aged from 6 to 12 years, from urban suburban and rural areas in Japan were assessed by their school teachers according to the Rutter scale. The prevalence of children with deviant scores in the general population was 3% and this figure was lower than that for any other country assessed by the same scale. Eighty-four percent of the deviants were of an antisocial type but only 7% were neurotic. The ratio of antisocial to neurotic was higher than those from other countries. The prevalence of children with deviant scores was higher in boys than in girls, and also higher in early and middle school years than in late school years. Area, family occupation, sibship size, birth order and one-parent family had only limited effects on the deviant behaviour of the children.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1989

Detection of high levels of immunoreactive human beta-1 interferon in sera from HIV-infected patients.

We have examined human interferon beta-1 (HuIFN-beta 1) levels in the sera from patients with various diseases by using a newly developed highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay system (ELISA). High levels of HuIFN-beta 1 were detected in the sera from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-I (HIV-I) infected patients, especially of asymptomatic carriers. The serum level of HuIFN-beta 1 may be a good indicator of HIV-I infection and of other immunological disorders.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1989

Interactions between endogenous gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor in host resistance against primary and secondary Listeria monocytogenes infections.

Intravenous injection of rat anti-mouse gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) monoclonal antibody as well as rabbit anti-mouse tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibody into mice which had received a sublethal infection with Listeria monocytogenes cells resulted in acceleration of listeriosis. Endogenous IFN-gamma seemed to be produced early in infection, because suppression of antilisterial resistance was significant when a single injection of anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody was given on day 0 or day 1 of infection. Production of TNF but not of IFN-gamma in the bloodstream early in infection was inhibited by administration of anti-IFN-gamma monoclonal antibody. The suppressive effect of anti-IFN-gamma and anti-TNF antibodies on antilisterial resistance was not augmented by simultaneous administration of these antibodies. On the other hand, in the secondary infection, simultaneous administration of anti-IFN-gamma and anti-TNF antibodies, but not of either of these antibodies alone, into L. monocytogenes-immune mice resulted in high mortality and explosive multiplication of bacterial cells in the spleens and livers. These results suggest that endogenously produced IFN-gamma and TNF are both essential to the host defense against L. monocytogenes infection and that these cytokines might act by different modes between the primary infection and the secondary infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Recombinant murine gamma interferon induces enhanced resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection in neonatal mice.

Neonatal mice within 24 h of birth were highly susceptible to intraperitoneal infection with Listeria monocytogenes. The 50% lethal dose of bacterial cells was 6.3 X 10(1) CFU for neonates and 3.2 X 10(6) CFU for adult mice. A single injection of recombinant murine gamma interferon (rMuIFN-gamma) protected neonatal mice from simultaneous challenge with a lethal dose of L. monocytogenes cells. The rMuIFN-gamma effect was dose dependent: protection was consistently observed in mice treated with rMuIFN-gamma at doses of more than 4 X 10(2) U (0.1 microgram of protein) per mouse. Bacterial growth in the spleens and livers of rMuIFN-gamma-treated neonates was significantly suppressed in comparison with that in the nontreated controls. The infected neonatal mice showed acquired antilisterial resistance against secondary intravenous infection after 4 weeks of age, and this resistance was significantly augmented in mice that had been treated with rMuIFN-gamma.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗