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Biomedical subjects

A Nakao

Publications and source records attributed to A Nakao.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Hepatitis C virus infection in hepatocellular carcinoma. Detection of plus-strand and minus-strand viral RNA.

BACKGROUND: Although serum antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) is found in many patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, the actual roles of HCV in carcinogenesis are unknown. METHODS: With reverse transcription followed by the polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), HCV RNA was examined in the sera and liver tissues of 16 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who did not have hepatitis B virus markers, 13 of whom had anti-HCV. RESULTS: In the 13 patients with anti-HCV, the HCV genomic plus-strand RNA was detected more frequently in noncancerous tissues (8 patients, 61.5%) and in sera (6 patients, 46.2%) than in cancerous tissues (3 patients, 23.1%). No viral RNA was found in either sera or tissues in the three patients without anti-HCV. By using a sense primer for the RT in the RT-PCR assay, amplification was attempted of a putative complementary minus-strand RNA that is believed to reflect viral replication in the eight patients with the plus-strand RNA. The minus-strand RNA was found in the noncancerous tissues of six patients; it was not detected in the cancerous tissues. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that HCV can infect and replicate predominantly in noncancerous cells but rarely in tumor cells.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Expression of platelet activating factor receptor in renal tubular cell line (LLC-PK1).

Northern blot analyses of poly(A)+ RNA extracted from cloned renal tubule cells, LLC-PK1, MDCK and JTC-12 cells, were performed using an isolated cDNA of guinea pig platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor as a probe. The results showed the expression of single entity of PAF receptor mRNA in LLC-PK1, but not in MDCK or JTC-12 cells. PAF also induced a dose-dependent elevation of intracellular calcium in LLC-PK1 cells as assessed by Fura-2 fluorescence signals, which was completely blocked by a PAF receptor antagonist, WEB 2170. These results indicate a PAF receptor-effector system in a renal tubular cell line LLC-PK1, providing a possible model system for studying physiological roles of PAF receptors in renal tubules.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Expression of HLA-DR in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Expression of HLA-DR was investigated immunohistochemically in 20 cases of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, as well as 9 normal livers that had been obtained at autopsy. Five of the nine normal livers had peribiliary glands that showed HLA-DR. Positive staining for HLA-DR on tumor cells was observed in 6 of 13 cases of cholangiocarcinoma of the hepatic hilus and in only 1 of 7 cases of peripheral cholangiocellular carcinoma. In cholangiocarcinomas of the hepatic hilus, the 5-year survival rate for tumors that had positive staining for HLA-DR was better than that for tumors that had negative staining. Based on these results, the presence or absence of HLA-DR on tumor cells could have a pathologic significance for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

Adenoma, Bile Duct↗
PubMed1992

Results of hepatic resection and postoperative arterial chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

To improve the outcome of patients who had undergone hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we employed postoperative adjuvant hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (AHAI) in 23 patients. Patients showing various risk factors for the recurrence of HCC were given one shot of doxorubicin and mitomycin C suspended in an oily medium (lipiodol) and an infusion of 5-fluorouracil. The 3-year survival value calculated for patients who were treated with AHAI was 75%, which was significantly higher than that found for patients who did not receive AHAI (n = 156; P < 0.05). In addition, among the patients who underwent hepatic lobectomy, the survival of those who received AHAI was also significantly greater than that of those who did not (n = 46; P < 0.01). AHAI did not cause any severe complications. These results indicate that AHAI may be an effective therapy for patients with HCC.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Two cases of esophageal varices complication after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAI) for metastatic liver tumor].

Mild liver dysfunction is a well-known complication of HAI, but it has been thought to be transient and reversible in most cases. In the case, of metastatic liver disease, in particular, HAI has been performed safely because liver function is normal for the most part. We encountered 2 cases of irreversible severe liver dysfunction and esophageal varices after hepatectomy for metastatic liver tumor from colorectal cancer. They were treated with postoperative adjuvant HAI. Biliary enzyme as alkaline phosphatase elevated, and dilated intrahepatic bile ducts were observed in both patients. Fibrosis of Glissonean sheath, dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts and intrahepatic biliary stones were observed at autopsy in both patients. One of the patients had obstruction of portal trunk. It must not be forgotten that such complications can occur even in a case with non-cirrhotic liver.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1992

[The results and problems of surgical treatment of cancer of the duodenal papilla of Vater].

Twenty six of 28 cases (92.9%) of cancer of duodenal papilla of Vater were resected from 1981 to 1990. Twenty five pancreatoduodenectomy and one total pancreatectomy were performed. Operative death and hospital death were not observed. Three year and five year cumulative survival rates of resected cases were 58% and 52% respectively. There was relatively good correlation between pathological cancer extension and postoperative prognosis. Postoperative prognosis of the cases which had cancer extension to the pancreas was extremely poor. But the prognosis of the cases of cancer within Oddi muscle was extremely good. Immunohistochemical staining using anti CEA, anti CA19-9 and anti DUPAN 2 was studied and Grade III staining pattern was observed only in the cases which had cancer invasion to the pancreas. Preoperative diagnosis of cancer extension using endoscopic ultrasonography and appropriate choice of the operative procedure are important. Extended operation and effective adjuvant therapy are necessary for advanced cases of cancer of the duodenal papilla.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A clinical study of tuberculous colitis.

During the last 8 years, the diagnosis of tuberculous colitis has been made radiologically in 22 cases. Twelve were confirmed by histological or bacteriological evidences. The X-ray findings are classified into three types as follows: Type A, showing an extensive scarred area in the ileocecum and ascending colon. Type B, showing annular stricture in the ascending colon and dilatation of its oral side. Type C, showing pouchformation (pseudo-diverticulum) and deformity in the cecum. We emphasize that histological examination and culture of the biopsy specimens by endoscopy were useful for the diagnosis of tuberculous colitis. Furthermore, radiologic changes of the colon by administration of antituberculous drugs were observed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.

One hundred and eighteen patients underwent hepatic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma from 1979 to 1987. Ninety-eight of these patients had co-existing cirrhosis of the liver; 18 patients underwent lobectomy, 28 patients had segmentectomy, and 52 patients had subsegmentectomy. In the 21 non-cirrhotic patients, 11 patients underwent lobectomy, 5 patients had segmentectomy, and 5 patients had subsegmentectomy. The operative mortality rate of patients with cirrhosis was 11% and of patients without cirrhosis was 5%. There was no significant difference in hepatic function tests between survivors and nonsurvivors. Lobectomy of < 55% of the parenchymal hepatic resection rate was well tolerated in the patients with cirrhosis. One-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and co-existing cirrhosis were 57.9%, 36.8% and 20.0% following lobectomy, 82.8%, 82.8% and 57.6% following segmentectomy, and 72.0%, 46.2% and 24.0% following subsegmentectomy. The tumor recurrence rate appeared to be lower after segmentectomy than subsegmentectomy. Multiple gross lesions, tumors > 5 cm, and presence of gross vascular invasion were poor prognostic signs in terms of survival rates as well as recurrence rates. Of the 51 patients with tumor recurrence limited to the residual liver, 13 patients underwent repeat resection, and 23 patients were treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The survival rates of the patients undergoing repeat resection were significantly better than those of other groups.

Adult↗