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Biomedical subjects

A Nanu

Publications and source records attributed to A Nanu.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Cryopreservation of Rh negative blood for improved storage & utilisation by means of indigenous freezing bags & solutions & manual deglycerolisation.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Cryopreservation allows donor blood to be stored for years, rather than weeks as in liquid storage. This is an established procedure in countries with a developed blood transfusion service. Cryopreservation has not been introduced in India, possibly because of the presumed high cost and complexity of the procedure. An attempt is made in this study, to cryopreserve Rh negative blood in a mechanical freezer using indigenous bags and solutions and manual deglycerolisation to reduce the cost of preservation. METHODS: RBCs to be frozen were weighed and transferred by sterile welding to an 800 ml freezing bag. Based on RBC weight, 400-500 ml of glycerol (5.7 MpH 6.8) was added as cryopreservative. After extracellular and intracellular equilibration, excess glycerol was removed by centrifugation. Glycerolised RBCs were frozen at -80 degrees C in a mechanical freezer. Cryopreserved units were thawed at 37 degrees C and deglycerolised. Twenty one patients were transfused with the frozen deglycerolised RBCs after the usual pre-transfusion tests. RESULTS: Haematocrit (Hct) values of the frozen deglycerolised units, complied with required standards, before addition of glycerol and post glycerolisation. RBC recovery was more than 80 per cent and Hct 83.3 per cent after deglycerolisation. Twenty one patients transfused with the frozen deglycerolised blood experienced no adverse effects and showed a 24 h mean post transfusion Hb increment of 0.73 g/dl. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Cryopreservation, unlike liquid storage, allows Rh negative blood of the required ABO groups to be stocked. Cryopreservation also improves its utilisation, reduces wastage and helps supplement the liquid stocks of Rh negative blood. The use of indigenous freezing bags and manual deglycerolisation has resulted in an inexpensive procedure, which can be integrated, with minor inputs, into any blood bank that is already preparing blood components.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1997

Markers for transfusion-transmissible infections in north Indian voluntary and replacement blood donors: prevalence and trends 1989-1996.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Twenty five to 30% of multiple-transfusion recipients in India show evidence of infection with both HBV and non-A non-B hepatitis or HCV. To be licensed, blood banks must screen each donor unit for HBsAg, antibodies to HIV-1 and -2, and VDRL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1989 and 1996, 132,093 voluntary and replacement donors at this centre were screened for the above markers, using commercially available kits. Some 19,531 donors were screened for HCV antibodies in 1995 and 1996 with an in-house EIA, using a synthetic peptide from core, NS3 and NS4 region proteins of all major HCV strains. RESULTS: Data were tabulated annually. The proportion of voluntary donors increased from 15 to 32% during the eight years. HBsAg rates remained below 2.5%, antibodies to HIV increased from 0.04% to 0.55%, and VDRL reactivity increased from 0.23 to 0.52% between 1989 and 1995. Prevalence of all three infections showed a small but significant drop in 1996, and all three were significantly less frequent in voluntary donors. HCV antibodies were detected in 1.49% of donors tested. Donors with multiple infections were uncommon. CONCLUSIONS: A change to voluntary blood transfusion service and addition of anti-HBc, anti-HCV, and possibly HIV antigen to the mandatory list for screening donor blood would reduce posttransfusion infections. Indigenous production of these assays would mitigate the financial burden, as has been the experience with the in-house HCV assay.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1997

Magnitude of hepatitis C virus infection in India: prevalence in healthy blood donors, acute and chronic liver diseases.

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed in-house for the detection of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody against the prevailing genotypes in India. The specific reactivity of the test was compared with commercial second and third-generation EIAs and reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nested PCR). Fifteen thousand nine hundred twenty-two healthy blood donors at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India, were screened for anti-HCV antibody. Two hundred ninety-five (1.85%) of these donors were positive. The screening was also used to determine how many patients with acute hepatitis and chronic liver diseases were positive for anti-HCV antibody. Five hundred sixty-four chronic liver disease patients were screened for anti-HCV antibody and 78 (13.83%) were found positive. Two hundred forty-seven sporadic acute viral hepatitis patients were screened for viral infection markers. Hepatitis B and E viruses (HBV and HEV) were the major etiologic agents. HCV was associated with 9% of the acute cases. Anti-HCV core IgM with HCV RNA detection were found to be helpful for the diagnosis of acute HCV infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Blood group gene frequency in a selected north Indian population.

Gene frequencies have been calculated from 6334 blood donors who were tested at a referral hospital in north India, for ABO & Rh and from > 350 donors who were tested for other blood groups. The Hardy Weinberg equation for 2 allel systems and the Bernstein method for 3 or more allel systems have been employed for calculating gene frequencies. The predominance of blood group B (37.39%), Rh D negative frequency of 4.63 per cent, predominance of M gene (0.6383) and M s haplotype (0.4464) and S gene frequency below 0.3 (0.2069) agrees with earlier data. The new findings include the presence of the allels Fy (a-b-) (0.44%) in the Duffy group, S- s- (1.16%) in the Ss group and JK (a-b-) (0.54%) in the Kidd blood group system. These have not been reported in the Indian population.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1994

Fibronectin levels in Indian neonates in health & disease.

Cord blood samples were estimated for serum fibronectin (Fn) by immunoelectrophoresis (IE) and enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) in 250 newborn healthy and sick infants classified into 6 categories: i.e., term appropriate for date (TAFD), preterm appropriate for date (PTAFD), term small for date (TSFD), preterm small for date (PTSFD), birth asphyxia (BA) and septicemia (SEP). TAFD infants were assayed for plasma Fn in addition. Comparison of Fn levels in the different groups by the Wilcoxan rank sum test indicated no significant difference between term and preterm infants, between PTAFD and PTSFD, TAFD and TSFD and in infants with and without birth asphyxia. Babies with septicemia had a significantly (P < 0.01) lower Fn level (29.97 +/- 29.03 mg/l) than those with no septicemia (42.77 +/- 30.20 mg/l). TAFD infants had Fn levels (serum 41.44 +/- 31.08 mg/l, plasma 85.20 +/- 33.38 mg/l) that are less than half the levels reported in the Western literature for newborn term infants. A possible cause could be the associated medical problems in mothers as 41 per cent of mothers of TAFD infants had conditions such as pregnancy induced hypertension, gestational diabetes, rheumatic heart disease, infection etc.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed1992

Alloimmunisation to platelet transfusions in the Indian patients.

Twenty nine patients of acute and chronic leukemia undergoing chemotherapy and receiving blood transfusions (BT) and platelet transfusions (PT) from random donors (3-20 PT from 4-56 donors) were followed up for alloimmunisation using the platelet immunofluorescence test. Two women patients aged 65 and 28 yr reacted positive. Both patients had received multiple BT but no PT at the time of testing. Both were parous women. Our results point to the need to test for alloimmunisation prior to starting PT in parous women who have received multiple BT, although a study on larger number of patients is necessary for confirmation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Extraction & assay of fibronectin from stored plasma.

Fibronectin was extracted from 20 units of 3 days old plasma by the heparin cold precipitation technique using 15 or 30 units of sodium heparin per ml of plasma. Immunoelectrophoresis of the extracted fibronectin showed it to be 131.37 +/- 24.73 times concentrated over fibronectin levels in standard plasma, with a mean recovery of 73.99 +/- 18.40 per cent. Corresponding figures by ELISA were 118.95 +/- 27.99 (concentration) and 73.99 +/- 18.40 (per cent).

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1990

Human immunodeficiency virus infection in the blood donors of Delhi, India.

In the present study, blood from paid and unpaid donors was screened for the presence of HIV infection using a competitive ELISA test. None of the 8,000 unpaid donors but 4 (0.23%) of the 1,700 paid donors showed evidence of HIV infection. All of these four ELISA-positive samples were confirmed by the Western blot test. The present study indicates that HIV infection has entered the group of paid donors in the Delhi metropolitan area. Careful donor screening, discouraging use of paid donors, and stringent screening of donated units of blood has become mandatory in India to prevent HIV transmission through blood and blood products.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Fetal liver infusion in aplastic anaemia.

Forty patients with severe aplastic anaemia received an intravenous infusion of 0.004 to 11.1 x 10(8) (median: 8 x 10(8) hematopoietic cells prepared from the fetal livers of 8-32 week old abortuses. Five patients, who died within 15 days of fetal liver infusion, are excluded from analysis. Twenty-two of the 35 evaluable patients (62%) responded favourably. Six of the 7 patients with good response were alive after 9 to 44 months (median: m = 20); one died 106 months after fetal liver infusion due to renal lithiasis. Four of the 7 with moderate response were alive after 9 to 31 months; 3 died within 16 months. Of 8 patients with minimal response, one was lost to follow-up and the others died in 3.4 to 10 months (m = 6). Median survival of responders was 15.7 months. Bone marrow cellularity became normal in 12 patients following fetal liver infusion. In seven patients, there was a relapse; 6 regained a normal bone marrow cellularity after a second or third fetal liver infusion. These data strongly suggest a role of fetal liver infusion in inducing bone marrow recovery. Of 13 non-responders, 4 were lost to follow-up and 9 died within 20 days-4.3 months (m = 1.6). Fetal liver infusion appears to be an effective therapy in patients with severe aplastic anaemia.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1987

Fetal liver infusion in acute myelogenous leukaemia.

Forty-five patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) received induction chemotherapy with either a conventional dose of cytarabine and daunorubicin (27 patients) or a low dose of cytarabine (18 patients). Maintenance chemotherapy was given to all responders. In 14 of 39 evaluable patients, infusion of fetal liver cells from 10-24 weeks old foetuses was given following induction as well as maintenance therapy. Six of 14 patients (43%) achieved a complete remission; 2 showed evidence of transient engraftment documented by analysis of sex chromosomes and RBC antigens (1 patient each). Fetal liver infusion within 6 days of completing induction chemotherapy appeared more effective than when given later. Five of 25 patients (20%) who did not receive fetal liver infusion achieved a complete remission. The present work suggests that fetal liver infusion given following induction chemotherapy may increase the remission rate in AML either by temporary engraftment or by accelerating the rate of haematological recovery.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1987

Studies on engraftment following fetal liver infusion.

Studies to find engraftment following fetal liver infusion (FLI) in aplastic anaemia (AA) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) were carried out in 24 patients (17 AA and 7 AML patients) out of the 56 who received FLI. HLA studies done in 13 patients (3 AA and 5 AML), repeatedly after FLI, showed no significant change in HLA antigen pattern before and after FLI. Red cell antigen studies were done in five (1 AA and 4 AML) patients, 3 weeks to 7 months after FLI. One patient with AML who was Rh negative prior to reinduction chemotherapy became Rh positive two months after FLI; six months later he was Rh negative again. In the remaining patients there was no change in red cell antigen pattern after FLI. Radio-immuno-assay to detect alpha-fetoprotein levels, carried out in 10 (8 AA and 2 AML) patients repeatedly after FLI, demonstrated no increase. In 13 patients (8 AA and 5 AML) in whom there was a sex difference between donor and recipient, bone marrow cultures for sex chromosomes revealed mixture of XX and XY cells in 3 male patients with aplastic anaemia. One male patient with AML demonstrated complete engraftment after induction chemotherapy and FLI: all the mitoses studied were of XX pattern. Engraftment was however temporary as repeated studies revealed reversion to XY pattern. The present work suggests that infusion of fetal liver cells may sometimes induce temporary chimerism or engraftment in an adult host; in the majority of cases, however, engraftment could not be established.

Anemia, Aplastic↗