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Biomedical subjects

A Naumann

Publications and source records attributed to A Naumann.

46 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Brain mechanisms for recognition of faces, facial expression, and gestures: neuropsychological and electroencephalographic studies in normals, brain-lesioned patients, and schizophrenics.

The perception and recognition of faces and nonface stimuli were investigated by means of EP techniques in normal subjects. Neuropsychological studies on recognition of faces, facial expression, and gestures were performed in normal subjects, brain-lesioned patients, and schizophrenic patients. 1. Two neuropsychological tests investigating recognition of faces, mimic expression, and gestures were applied in normals and brain-lesioned patients. In the first test, the recognition of faces and vases was tested 1 hr and 1 week after an inspection series. It was found that the size rather than the location of the lesion (excluding occipital lobe lesions) was an important determinant of the error score. No significant differences were found between patients suffering from RH and LH lesions. In general the same observation was true when recognition of faces, expression, and gestures was studied by means of a movie test consisting of 12 10-sec movie scenes and 10 multiple-choice tests following inspection of each scene. A slight tendency to higher error scores appeared in patients suffering from right temporo-occipital lesions compared with other RH lesions. 2. Impairment in the perception and recognition of faces, facial expression, and gestures was also found in schizophrenic patients. Their error score, especially in the movie tests, was on the average higher than in brain-lesioned patients, indicating a major perceptual or cognitive deficit in this disease. This observation is consistent with some clinical symptoms of schizophrenia. It is remarkable that in the slide test, schizophrenic patients had a significantly higher error score in the easy tasks (recognition of upright faces) than normals, whereas in the difficult tasks (involving upside-down faces) their performance was not significantly different from that of an age- and socially matched group. 3. The degree of schizophrenic defect and acute psychotic symptoms had some effect on the impairment in schizophrenics performing these tests. When the error scores of adolescent and middle-aged schizophrenics were compared to corresponding control group error scores, the relative impairment of adolescent schizophrenic patients was found to be somewhat stronger than that of adult schizophrenics. This supports the hypothesis that the impairment in face and mimic recognition found in schizophrenic patients is caused by the disease and not by other factors such as duration of illness or hospitalization. It is conjectured that a component very specific to schizophrenia leads to the dramatic cognitive defect found in our tests in these patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1988

[Assessment of causality in fatal incidents in relation to coronary angiography].

Among 2,353 coronary angiographies (from 1.10.1984 until 30.9.1987) four lethal cases were seen. In two cases there was evidence for a causal relationship between coronary angiography and the lethal outcome (0.9%). Possible mechanisms of death are discussed. The clinical course and the time sequence between coronary angiography and the death are considered to be important criteria of a causal relationship.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Pharmacokinetics of ethynyl estradiolsulfonate in minipigs.

The pharmacokinetics of ethynyl estradiolsulfonate labelled with 3H in the steroid nucleus and with 14C in the isopropylsulfonic acid side chain was investigated in male minipigs. The plasma level after intravenous administration was interpreted according to a three-compartment model. After oral administration the first two phases were overlapped by the absorption period. The renal and fecal excretion of the two labellings were investigated. In urine the majority of the 3H-labelled steroid was excreted in the unconjugated and in the glucuronide fractions. More than 70% of 14C in urine was unextractable.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1975

[Flow in natural and artificial organs and vessels (author's transl)].

After introductory remarks about the flow phenomena in the human body (separation, dead waters, stagnation regions) and the model simularity conditions, the flow behaviour in arterial bifurcations at pulsatile flow are considered; they are accompanied by the formation of dead waters and secondary flows and therefore they give the danger of atherosclerosis. Then the flow pattern at arterio-venous anastomosis is interpreted with regard to the danger of thrombogenesis. At the selected example of ball prosthesis the flow pattern and the pressure loss of artificial heart valves (aortic as well as mitral valves) are described; the special behaviour of ball valves used as mitral valves is discussed critically. Finally in a view of contribution to the question of the flow-induced blood damage, in extended series of basic tests on models (orifices and perforated discs) the rate of hemolysis was measured depending on the flow; the tests were completed by measurements at rolling pumps, atria of a artificial ventricle and other parts. In order to try an explanation for the flow-induced hemolysis one starts from the influence of the hemodynamic shear stresses on the damage of the erythrocytes; hereby the effect of the frequently repeated passages of the red blood cells through a stenosis (e.g. regurgitation) should be taken into account.

Aortic Valve↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Long-term follow-up of larynx leukoplakia under treatment with retinyl palmitate.

BACKGROUND: Larynx leukoplakia can be a premalignant precursor of squamous cell carcinoma, is often tobacco related, and can be monitored easily by indirect laryngoscopy. One of the main motivations for using retinyl palmitate in patients with larynx leukoplakia was to avoid general anesthesia for the elderly patients, who are considered to be at high risk for undergoing direct laryngoscopy. Our study investigates for the first time the effectiveness and toxicity of high-dose retinyl palmitate in the treatment of larynx leukoplakia. METHODS: Treatment was divided into two phases. In the first phase, all patients underwent induction therapy with a high-dose of retinyl palmitate (A-Mulsin Hochkonzentrat, Mucos Pharma, Geretsried, Germany) with 300,000 IU/day for the first week and up to 1,500,000 IU/day, in patients with resistant lesions, in the fifth week. Patients whose lesions progressed during this period were withdrawn from the study. In the second phase, patients whose lesions responded to treatment or remained stable were then assigned to a maintenance therapy of 150,000 IU/day. RESULTS: We observed a complete remission rate of 75% (15 of 20 patients). Among the 5 patients with partial response, 3 relapsed. The median duration of treatment and follow up was 18 months (range 12-24 months). CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that retinyl palmitate has substantial activity in larynx leukoplakias. Furthermore, only minor side effects make it an excellent candidate as a preventive agent for larynx cancer.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Behavior of tissue-engineered human cartilage after transplantation into nude mice.

Cartilage lacks the ability to regenerate structural defects. Therefore, autologous grafting has been used routinely to replace cartilaginous lesions. Because tissue engineering of human cartilage with the help of bioresorbable polymer scaffolds is possible in experimental models, the demand for the clinical application grows. In this study we present an analysis of the behavior of transplants made of human chondrocyte pools, agarose and the resorbable polymer scaffold Ethisorb and a preliminary comparison with transplants made of single patients' cells and Ethisorb but without the additional ingredient agarose. Chondrocytes were isolated from the matrix of human septal cartilage by enzymatic digestion. The pool cells were kept in monolayer culture for 2 weeks, the single patients' cells for 3-4 weeks. Chondrocyte pools were suspended in agarose and seeded into the resorbable polymer scaffold Ethisorb. Single patients' cells were seeded without agarose. All cell-polymer constructs were kept in perfusion culture for 10-14 days and transplanted subcutaneously into thymusaplastic nude mice. Additionally we implanted Ethisorb fleeces embedded in agarose without chondrocytes. After 6, 12 and 24 weeks the animals were sacrificed and the specimens were explanted and analyzed histochemically and immunohistochemically. Polymer scaffolds not seeded with chondrocytes did not show cartilage formation. Resorption was complete after 12 weeks in vivo. Transplants from cell pools remained mechanically stable over 24 weeks apart from four transplants that were resorbed completely. Cartilage formation was observed in all pool-specimens with the presence of chondronic structures and a homogeneous matrix containing hyaline cartilage-specific matrix molecules such as collagen type II. Single patients' transplants showed hyaline cartilage matrix synthesis and mechanical stability as well. Chondrocyte pools are a suitable method to study cartilage engineering of human cells in vitro and in vivo in experimental models. Under clinical conditions it is, however, necessary to study the generation of cartilage from single patients' cells. We showed that it is possible without additional ingredients such as agarose. However, variations in the preliminary results show that the clinical application with human cells is more difficult than one would expect when using human chondrocyte pools. Further studies need to be performed to find out which individual factors influence the in vitro engineered cartilage's fate in vivo.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Siblings with neonatal progeroid syndrome (Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch)].

Main diagnostic criteria of neonatal progeroid syndrome are: failure to thrive and lipoatrophy, old-looking face with hydrocephalic appearance, prominent scalp veins and sparse scalp hair, large hands and feet with long fingers and toes, often neonatal teeth. NPS is usually lethal by 7 months. 5 pairs of siblings with NPS are already published. We present the second report worldwide of two siblings with NPS actually at the age of 5 and 15 years.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tissue engineering of autologous cartilage transplants for rhinology.

In reconstructive surgery there is increasing demand for cartilage transplants to fill defects, especially nose and/or outer ear defects. Tissue engineering is one of the most modern pathways to generate autologous cartilage transplants. Isolated chondrocytes obtained from a tiny patient's biopsy were seeded on bioresorbable preshaped cell carriers to provide a 3-dimensional cell arrangement as in vivo. The combined use of these cell carriers in form of a non-woven mesh and a constant medium perfusion was performed to generate a cartilage-like cell-polymer-construct, which was finally subcutanously implanted in nude mice for full maturation. After explantation of 6 months, expression of cartilage specific extracellular matrix molecules was obvious by using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods. These data show that tissue engineering with isolated multiplied human chondrocytes from a tiny biopsy seeded on bioresorbable polymer is a promising system to generate autologous cartilage transplants for replacements in reconstructive surgery.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Foster care for adolescents with severe psychic disorders].

An introduction to the concept and practical implementation of a project entitled "Care in families for young people with mental disorders" is presented. In a project five adolescents were placed in fostering families. Continuous care is provided by a professional family care team and the treatment as out-patients at the Department of Child und Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, in which they were previously treated, is continued.

Adolescent↗