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Biomedical subjects

A Naus

Publications and source records attributed to A Naus.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Breathing volume and deposition in the respiratory tract.

The functional parameters influence the ventilation of the airways and determine the amount of aerosol penetrating there and the speed of airflow. 100 observations were made, on ten healthy subjects (5 men, 5 women) and with two breathing patterns (tidal volume 500 ml, respiration rate 16 min-1, and tidal volume 2000 ml, respiration rate 8 min-1). Inhaled and exhaled air were sampled by a Royco 518 sampler and the number, concentrations and particle size distributions in five particle size ranges were determined. In all the measurements the fraction deposited was higher in higher tidal volumes, especially in the class of the size range 0.5-1.75 microns. For tidal volumes of 2000 ml the deposited fraction for the women was greater than that for the men.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1996

Occupational tropical infectious and parasitic diseases in the Czech Republic.

The authors present a review on occupational tropical infectious and parasitic diseases notified in the Czech Republic in 1986 to 1995. They provide information on health care provided in the Czech Republic to working people travelling to areas demanding from the climatic and epidemiological aspect.

Czech Republic↗
PubMed1989

[The incidence of occupational diseases in the health services within the catchment area of the Clinic for Occupational Diseases of the School of Medicine in Prague].

The authors analyzed notified occupational diseases at the department of occupational diseases during the 10 past years, focusing attention on workers in the health workers' union. The highest ratio is that of viral hepatitis (64.8%) and skin diseases (14.7%). These are followed by other infectious diseases, tuberculosis, asthma bronchiale, etc. The largest number of occupational diseases was reported in female health workers (74.7%) which is consistent with nationwide data on occupational diseases. The high ratio of women is not surprising with regard to the marked feminization of this occupation. The highest ratio of occupational diseases was reported in women aged 21-30 years, whereby viral hepatitis accounted for 32.6%. Occupational diseases are important not only from the medical but also from the economic aspect. Therefore even a minor reduction of occupational diseases has marked economic consequences. From the investigation ensues that at present it is important to concentrate above all on two groups of occupational diseases, i.e. occupational infectious contagious diseases and occupational skin diseases. A prerequisite for reduction of type B viral hepatitis is immunization of health workers at risk departments against hepatitis B, which is being implemented at present.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Determining the basic characteristics of aerosols suitable for studies of deposition in the respiratory tract.

Studies of aerosol particle deposition in the respiratory tract requires experimental inhalation of artificial model aerosols. The paper formulates some of the most important requirements for the properties of such aerosols. Several suitable fractions were prepared as part of a research project dealing with the use of microporous polymers for diagnostic purposes. 5 fractions of the polymer designated G-gel 60 with the particle size as stated by the manufacturer, ranging from 3 to 7 micron were evaluated using a 16-channel particle dispersity analyzer HIAC/ROYCO MT 3210 with the sensor 1200 and operated by a microprocessor, the equipment being coupled to an APPLE IIe computer. G-gel 60 particles introduced into the aerosol were characterized by the parameters CMAD, MMAD and sg both numerically and graphically. The measurement procedure was found to be very sensitive with respect to all fractions in evaluating the subtile differences between different lot numbers of the aerosol. G-gel 60 fractions characterized both numerically and graphically were compared with the known aerosols from paraffin oil and atmospheric air. The equipment MT 3210 enables prompt determination of the percentages of aerosol particles distribution by size class. The authors conclude that the procedure, both in its numerical and graphical versions, is particularly suitable for the diagnosis of aerosol particles deposition in the respiratory tract, offering a new application for HIAC/ROYCO in the field of medicine. In evaluating atmospheric aerosol in exhaled air, the number of particles was found to be below that in inhaled air, the difference being dependent on the choice of investigation methods. Percentual distribution of deposited particles following one minute ventilation proved to be at its maximum, as regards atmospheric aerosol, in the 0.30-0.50 micron range. The deposition curve was similar to already published curves, being characterized by an S-shaped pattern with maximum deposition in the greater size classes. An analysis of inhaled, exhaled and deposited aerosol suggested that deposited aerosol is more polydisperse and has particles of greater sizes than inhaled aerosol. Investigation of the effect of apnoe on deposition indicated that deposition increased as a function of apnoeic pause.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1986

Primary or delayed debulking surgery and chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide in stage III-IV epithelial ovarian carcinoma.

Eighty-eight previously untreated patients with stage III and IV epithelial ovarian carcinoma were treated with primary or delayed (secondary) optimal debulking surgery unless impossible, and combination chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide intravenously (IV) on day 1, every 4 weeks (CAP-I). In patients with no evidence of disease after six cycles of chemotherapy, a second-look laparotomy was performed. A pathologically confirmed complete response (CR) was obtained in 39% of the patients. The median progression-free survival period of all patients was 18 months and the median survival time 24 months. CAP-I is an effective chemotherapy schedule that can be administered with moderate toxicity and appears to enhance the cure rate in advanced ovarian carcinoma. The role of secondary surgery must be further defined.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Analysis of the renal tissue of a woman chronically exposed to cadmium.

In a 61-year-old woman, who had been exposed for 20 years to cadmium in the production of Ni-Cd batteries, nephrectomy of the contracted kidney was performed. The removed kidney was examined histologically and the cadmium concentration was determined in the cortex (44.97 micrograms g-1) and in the medulla (7.71 micrograms g-1). The homogenates of the renal cortex and medulla were subjected to gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. In the cortex, as well as the medulla, cadmium was predominantly found in the low-molecular (metallothionein) fraction, but in the cortex, Cd content in this fraction was six times higher than in the medulla. The determination of SH groups and proteins in high- and low-molecular fractions indicates an induction of the metallothionein formation primarily in the renal cortex.

Cadmium↗
PubMed1985

The occupational meaning of smell.

The sense of smell has its meaning for a successful performance of certain occupations. It has further a protective meaning. The acuity of smell often changes for different reasons. The prolonged or repeated smelling is combined with the process of smell adaptation, fatigue and habituation. They diminish the flavour sensations and increase the risk of work accidents. Some chemical compounds are characterized by a quick and high adaptation. The occupational changes of smell can be peripheral or central. The qualitative changes of the smell perception are numerous, but they have little sense in industrial hygiene. The hypersensibilisation can be temporal or lasting, where a change of profession is sometimes inevitable. The values of smell thresholds (detection, recognition, distinction) of 25 substances are given. The sensitivity of smell is greater at the smell threshold concentrations. The smell thresholds are put among the main basic properties of chemical compounds which decide about the values of MAC and about the possibilities of their passing over. 68 substances ranged according to their basic characteristics in three groups were studied. There was statistical dependence between the molecular weight, the boiling point, smell thresholds of detection and recognition. In two groups of matters there was a dependence between the threshold of irritation and the smell threshold of recognition and distinction. The regression was linear with the majority of dependencies.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1985

Chemotherapy preceding radiotherapy in stage III non-small cell lung cancer.

Thirty-seven patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer were treated with the sequential administration of chemotherapy, consisting of Cisplatinum, VP-16 and Adriamycin, and radiotherapy. The response rate in 33 evaluable patients was 82 percent. The median survival for all evaluable patients was 11 months; 5 patients actually survived more than 24 months but all ultimately relapsed. It is concluded that treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with the currently available tools is still unsatisfactory. Despite a high response rate our treatment protocol had only a modest impact on survival. Obviously, a concerted effort will be required to improve these results and will probably involve the development of new and better drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Phase II study of hepatic artery infusion with 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and mitomycin C (FAM) in liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma.

Twenty-seven patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma were treated with 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and mitomycin C (FAM) by hepatic artery infusion (HAI) every 2-3 months for a maximum of eight courses. Median survival for all patients was 22 months. Toxicity was acceptable and consisted in severe myelosuppression (8%), duodenal ulceration (8%), moderate nausea and vomiting (50%), and alopecia (100%). HAI with FAM is feasible and may have an impact on survival. Further studies are needed to determine the role of HAI, which may be of potential benefit to a substantial number of patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Phase II randomized trial of radiotherapy alone vs the sequential use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Phase II trial of chemotherapy alone in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer.

In order to clarify if the sequential combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy offered any advantage over radiotherapy alone in stage III non-small cell lung cancer, 33 patients were randomized between radiotherapy alone or chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy, then chemotherapy again. Chemotherapy consisted of a combination of cisplatinum, VP-16 and adriamycin. Twenty-four patients with stage IV disease received the same chemotherapy regimen alone for six cycles. Median survival for stage III patients receiving radiotherapy alone was 5 months. For patients receiving the sequential combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy median survival was 11 months (log-rank test, P = 0.025). Median survival for stage IV patient receiving chemotherapy alone was 15 months. It is concluded that the sequential combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is significantly superior to radiotherapy alone in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Aerosol particle deposition in human lungs.

The pneumoconiosis developing after inhalation of air-borne dusts in the work place depends on the relation between the value of particle deposition in the respiratory tract and the rate of particle clearance from sites of their deposition. For testing the deposition in humans an aerosol of paraffin oil was given to a cohort of healthy persons. The characteristic parameters of the aerosol had been defined. The concentration of particles in 5 channels were measured in both the inhaled and exhaled air samples using the particle counter ROYCO 225. The deposition fraction was calculated from the relation of particle amount in expired air to the amount in inhaled air in each distribution class. In this preliminary report the results comparable with the prediction mathematical curve are discussed.

Aerosols↗