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Biomedical subjects

A Neufeld

Publications and source records attributed to A Neufeld.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Educational issues in preparing community health nurses to use nursing diagnosis with population groups.

Recently there has been increased interest in the use of nursing diagnosis by community health nurses who work with population groups in community settings. The purpose of this article is to discuss educational issues important in the preparation of undergraduate students and practising community health nurses in the use of nursing diagnosis with population groups. The educational issues discussed emerged from the findings of a preliminary survey of undergraduate students and community health nurses and were related to: differences in the learning requirements of novice and expert practitioners; common errors in the use of nursing diagnosis; and the perceived benefits and barriers in using nursing diagnosis. There is a need to develop an educational strategy to address these concerns for both undergraduate students and community health nurses.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1996

Early postoperative intraocular pressure pattern in glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous patients.

PURPOSE: To evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP) changes in the 24 hours following cataract extraction in glaucomatous and nonglaucomatous patients. SETTING: General Eye Service and Glaucoma Service of the Goldschleger Eye Institute, Tel Hashomer, Israel. METHODS: Twenty-six nonglaucomatous patients and 13 glaucomatous patients scheduled for routine cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation were evaluated. In each patient, IOP was measured before cataract surgery and every 4 hours for 24 hours postoperatively. Thirteen of the nonglaucomatous patients were randomly treated with one drop of timolol maleate at the end of surgery (NG-T group). The other 13 nonglaucomatous patients (NG group) and all glaucoma patients (G group) were not treated. RESULTS: In the NG group, mean preoperative IOP was 13.9 mm Hg. Following surgery, IOP rose steadily to 22.2 mm Hg at 12 hours; it returned to almost presurgical levels at 24 hours. The IOP exceeded 35 mm Hg in only one patient. In the NG-T group, mean preoperative IOP was 16.5 mm Hg and increased to 21.2 mm Hg at 12 hours. The IOP returned to almost presurgical levels at 24 hours. In the G group, mean IOP was 18.8 mm Hg preoperatively and rose to 29.9 mm Hg at 8 hours after surgery. In seven eyes the IOP exceeded 35 mm Hg. COMMENTS: Our findings of elevated IOP emphasize the need for prophylactic treatment (medical or combined cataract and glaucoma surgery) to prevent IOP spikes in high-risk patients.

Acetazolamide↗
PubMed1995

Women in transition: access and barriers to social support.

As little is known about how support assists individuals during a normative life transition, this qualitative, prospective study explored how women chose sources of informal support. Women having their first child, returning to work after an extended absence or recently retired from full-time employment were interviewed. Support during a life transition was described as having someone who would listen while the woman problem-solved. Women preferred to get their support from close family members or others experiencing a similar life transition. A number of barriers to the use of support were identified: perception that the use of support would be a burden on others, lack of reciprocity, reluctance to ask for support, and nonsupportive messages included within supportive actions. The transition often took more than 2 years to complete and, for a subgroup of women, involved major changes in their self-expectations and ability to access support. The findings identify areas that nurses should consider in health promotion activities with women who are experiencing these life transitions.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Using critical feminist principles to analyze programs for low-income urban women.

Public health nurses are committed to promoting the health of vulnerable populations, including the economically disadvantaged. One of the perspectives that can be used to work with low-income women is feminist theory. In this paper, we analyze program descriptions from 45 community agencies whose services are accessed by urban low-income women. The purpose of the analysis is to identify congruence between agency programs and selected feminist principles. As a result of the content analysis, empirical referents and examples were identified for each principle. Public health nursing programs can incorporate feminist principles by responding to the perspectives of the vulnerable and facilitating their efforts to change the conditions that led to their vulnerability. Questions are presented that could guide public health nurses in stimulating reflection and in facilitating dialogue in the process of developing programs for low-income women.

Alberta↗
PubMed1992

Issues in the evaluation of small-scale adult day care programs.

Evaluation of health care programs is a complex process which presents many challenges. A case study of a small-scale adult day care program evaluation is presented to illustrate these issues. The rationale for developing the program and the findings from the evaluation study are discussed. Several evaluation issues including the use of multiple methods, levels of analysis, characteristics of the sponsoring agency, political influences, methodological issues and influences on utilization of findings are addressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The development of nursing diagnoses for aggregates and groups.

A focus on aggregates, groups, or communities as clients is an important characteristic of community health nursing practice. Community health nurse practitioners have identified population groups as one of five functional components in a typology of community health nursing practice. Questions have been raised, however, as to whether such groups need different forms of nursing diagnoses than those used for individuals. We attempted to use nursing diagnoses in a senior community health nursing course with undergraduate students that included experience working with aggregates or groups. Issues were identified in relation to the scope of the role of nurses in the community, the selection of the client, and the use of a taxonomy.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1990

Adult day care programs: a source for respite.

Respite care can be considered an illness prevention and health promotion intervention for both caregivers and the older people dependent on them. By maintaining clients' level of functioning, the process of deterioration is delayed and a degree of health promotion is achieved. Similarly, the relief of caregivers' burden, although minimal, sustains them in their role. A community-based mode of providing adult day care is supported in the literature. It seems logical to combine the services of a community-based organization and a long-term care institutional setting whenever possible.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Treatment of severe self-injurious behavior by the mentally retarded using the bubble helmet and differential reinforcement procedures.

We examined the effectiveness of a bubble helmet and differential reinforcement procedures in the treatment of the self-injurious behavior (SIB) of three adult residents of a state hospital for the developmentally disabled. A multiple-baseline design across settings and an ABC design were used to assess the effectiveness of these procedures. Results indicated that the introduction of the bubble helmet in conjunction with differential reinforcement procedures produced notable reductions in SIB for all three participants. These reductions were significantly greater than those produced by using the differential reinforcement procedures alone. Social validity, generalization and follow-up data further documented the efficacy and acceptability of the bubble helmet plus differential reinforcement procedures. The advantages of the bubble helmet over other forms of restraint and the theoretical implications of these findings are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Contingent application of a protective device to treat the severe self-biting behavior of a disturbed autistic child.

This study introduces the Bubble Helmet, a protective device, as an effective means of treating severe cases of self-biting behavior with disturbed developmentally disabled persons. The apparatus is a clear plastic sphere which fastens over the client's head, shielding the mouth from contact with hands and forearms. Use of the bubble in a response-contingent manner effectively eliminated the intense self-biting behavior of a 9-year-old autistic child in a community-based group home. This made it possible for her to be placed in a less restrictive community facility.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1983

Curriculum revision: making the process work.

This paper presents the experience of one nursing faculty in revising a baccalaureate programme for registered nurses. Mechanisms used to facilitate the process of curriculum revision and to promote involvement of community agencies as well as faculty members and students are discussed. These mechanisms include use of a core co-ordinating group (curriculum co-ordinator, consultant in instructional development, administrative support person) to guide the process, acceptance of a draft of nursing theory content before proposing specific courses and student and community agency representation on course-development committees. The revision process is then analysed in relation to change theory. Particular attention is given to the concepts of involving all those affected by the change, maintaining open and effective communication and factors which minimize resistance.

Curriculum↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of nursing diagnosis with population groups.

The authors report findings of a study done to examine the use of nursing diagnosis by community health nurses (n = 15) and students (n = 20) who worked with population groups. Results of the analysis of the open-ended questionnaires and student assignments indicate that many of the diagnoses, both wellness and deficit, could be classified in relation to the concepts present in published classification systems. Issues raised by the study about the use of nursing diagnosis with population groups include: incorporating wellness diagnoses in the NANDA Taxonomy, identifying when a group diagnosis is appropriate, determining whether to give priority to a behavioral or an environmental focus, and selecting the level of abstraction.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Integrating nursing diagnosis for population groups within community health nursing practice.

Conflicting views exist about the utility of nursing diagnosis in community health nursing, particularly in relation to its use with population groups. Until recently, this application of nursing diagnosis received limited consideration by the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association. As a result, discussion is needed regarding the ways in which use of nursing diagnosis with population groups in community settings may be different from the use of nursing diagnosis with individuals. In this article several distinctive characteristics of the use of nursing diagnosis for health promotion with various population groups are addressed. Thoughtful consideration of these distinctive characteristics can provide a foundation for effective use of nursing diagnosis with population groups in community settings.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of health care services following mandatory retirement.

I examined the use of health care services before and after mandatory retirement. Data were collected from provincial medical care and hospital insurance records for each of 88 retirees. Interview data provided information about selected psychosocial and health factors which earlier studies found to be related to health status. Two patterns in use of health care services were found: in one group (N = 54), use of health care services increased and in the other group (N = 34), use of services decreased following mandatory retirement. Discriminant analysis procedures were applied to determine which factors could predict group membership. Two factors were found to be important for correct identification of group membership: part-time employment and including all food groups in the diet on the day before the interview. Based on this combination of factors, group membership could be correctly identified 55% of the time for the increased usage group, and 82% of the time for the decreased usage group.

Aged↗