PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Neuman

Publications and source records attributed to A Neuman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Salivary gland transplantation: a canine model.

Impaired salivary function with resultant severe dryness of the mouth, or xerostomia, may occur in association with a variety of systemic disorders or therapies. No adequate treatment exists for this debilitating condition, which impedes normal oral function, in particular alimentation and phonation. This study explores the feasibility of salivary gland autotransplantation, using a canine model. A salivary gland with its duct and surrounding blood vessels still attached was excised and reimplanted in the dog's thigh by anastomosing the graft's blood vessels to the femoral artery and vein. The duct was sutured to an artificial orifice cut in the thigh's skin, from which the saliva was collected. Salivary secretion was induced by a single intravenous bolus of pilocarpine (5 mg). Preoperative (normal) salivation was measured by collecting saliva from the gland in situ. Periodic functional studies showed normal saliva production during the first month after grafting, after which the salivary flow was reduced by 35% over the next 2 months. This reduction was interpreted as a sign of disuse atrophy resulting from the lack of autonomic innervation. To overcome this impediment, oral pilocarpine (5 mg/day) was administered to the recipient dog, after which normal levels of saliva were excreted through the graft during the 3-month follow-up period. The quality of the graft saliva was assessed by its protein and electrolyte levels, which showed close to normal values.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Study of the complex between the contrast agent Iobitridol (Xenetix) and Elastase (PPE): a model for hydrophobic site protection in drug-protein interactions.

PURPOSE: The concept of Hydrophilic Sphere Stabilization, or Hydrophobic Shielding, has been postulated in the synthesis of biocompatible contrast agents in vascular imaging. To improve the safety of these polyiodinated agents, interactions with protein hydrophobic sites in biomacromolecules should be kept as low as possible. In order to evaluate the level of interactions with proteins, we have selected the serine proteinase Elastase, in presence of Iobitridol (Xenetix), as a model. METHODS: The complex between Iobitridol and Pancreatic Porcine Elastase was investigated by X-ray diffraction techniques, on saturated monocrystals, using the synchrotron radiation at 0.98A. RESULTS: In contrast to Iohexol, which displays several interactions including one in the active site, Iobitridol is unable to interact directly with elastase. Only one partially occupied site is found in between two molecules of the crystal packing. CONCLUSIONS: The validation of the "hydrophobic shielding" concept, which was at the origin of the design of the Iobitridol molecule, has been proven to be an essential feature in minimizing in vivo protein interactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Chest wall deformity following maximal tissue expansion for breast reconstruction.

Forty-three women, in a series of 150, participated in a prospective study that examined their chest walls for deformities 3 months after maximal tissue expansion for single-breast reconstruction. Computed tomography imaging was used for this purpose. Twenty-one patients underwent immediate breast reconstruction and the other 22 patients underwent delayed reconstruction. Fifty-three percent had some chest wall abnormality. In the delayed group, chest wall deformities were more statistically significant (p < 0.001). Our findings suggest that chest wall deformity is a common occurrence after maximal tissue expansion for breast reconstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Report of the Eriksholm Workshop on auditory deprivation and acclimatization.

The terminology used in studies documenting changes in auditory performance following fitting of hearing aids has been diverse. Definitions for the auditory deprivation effect and auditory acclimatization are offered as a first step in rationalization. Two statements summarize current knowledge concerning auditory deprivation effects and auditory acclimatization, as well as considering the potential implications for research, field trial and clinical practice applications. Potential areas for future research are identified.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1995

Angiography contrast agents interact with serine proteinases. The molecular structure of the model system elastase/iohexol.

Pancreatic elastase was co-crystallised with iohexol, a tri-iodo benzenic contrast agent used in angiography analyses. The X-ray analysis of the complex reveals the presence of three molecules of iohexol associated with the proteinase with low occupancy factors. Two iohexol molecules are located in and near the active site of the enzyme and provide a model for explaining the inhibition of the hemostatic system, one of the major and inconvenient side effect associated with these chemicals.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1995

Cardiac tamponade as the initial manifestation of primary pericardial mesothelioma.

Although cardiac tamponade is a known complication of malignancy, it is rarely the initial manifestation. We report a 46-year-old male who presented with malignant cardiac tamponade 6 months prior to the definitive diagnosis of primary pericardial mesothelioma. A thorough literature search has not revealed a similar care.

Cardiac Tamponade↗
PubMed1995

Rare sites of melanoma: melanoma of the external ear.

A small series of melanomas of the external ear is presented. The presentation in general was late and they varied from 2.6 mm to 4.8 mm in thickness. The outcome in most of the patients (9 patients) was bad and within 3 years only 4 survived. The fact that 9 patients remembered having a nevus that suddenly changed to melanoma emphasizes the need for early removal of such nevi.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Efficacy of the topical anesthetic cream, EMLA, in alleviating both needle insertion and injection pain.

To assess the efficacy of the topical anesthetic cream, EMLA, in alleviating the pain produced by infiltration of local anesthetic prior to surgical skin biopsies, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed on 54 patients undergoing 162 excisional biopsies. Both pain induced by needle insertion and pain induced by local injection were significantly diminished after topical application of EMLA cream. However, part of the effect was placebo, because the placebo ointment (Vaseline) also produced significant pain alleviation.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Lipomatosis of the scalp and macrocephaly.

In summary, a case of macrocephaly and lipomatosis of the scalp and forehead has been presented. The phenotypic and clinical features found in our patient are in accordance with previous reports. The differential diagnosis with other hamartoneoplastic syndromes has been evaluated and discarded, concluding that the present report is in accordance with Bannayan-Zonana syndrome. However, as in other inherited traits, finding a genetic test to diagnose this entity remains a challenge.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1995

Melanoma of the scalp: the invisible killer.

A series of 20 patients (15 men and 5 women) suffering from malignant melanoma of the scalp is reported. Their epidemiologic data and outcome are described. The ages ranged from 48 to 78 years (mean 63 years). Analysis of the cases demonstrated that lesions occurring posterior to the tragal line (in hair-bearing area) have the worst prognosis. The 5-year survival rate was poor; 12 patients died within this period. Two representative cases are described, and the preventable aspects of the disease are emphasized.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Dual-isotope myocardial imaging: feasibility, advantages and limitations. Preliminary report on 231 consecutive patients.

Two hundred and thirty-one patients underwent dual-isotope myocardial imaging (rest thallium-201 followed by stress technetium-99m sestamibi). The feasibility of the procedure was excellent: camera scheduling flexibility was improved and the duration of the procedure was less than that of a classical stress-redistribution procedure. Interpretation of defects due to image attenuation was facilitated by the different attenuation properties of 201Tl and 99mTc-sestamibi in 11 of 19 patients. 201Tl cross-over on 99mTc was found to be 15% +/- 3% with doses of 201Tl and 99mTc-sestamibi of 3 and 10 mCi, respectively, and 7% +/- 2% with doses of 3 and 20 mCi. This protocol should preferentially be reserved for patients with a history of myocardial infarction and/or a basal left ventricular dysfunction, in whom assessment of myocardial viability is of major interest. Extensive clinical validation of the dual-isotope procedure is required and optimal acquisition and reconstruction parameters should be established.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Terrorist bombing with a 'Molotov cocktail' inside travelling cars: an old weapon for a new burn syndrome?

The 'Molotov cocktail' terrorist weapon which is thrown into a travelling car has given a new type of injury to people who sustain massive smoke inhalation together with disfiguring burns of face, thighs, hands and chest, and post-traumatic psychological disorder. The combination of petrol ignition with the synthetic fumes inside the care is a unique occurrence with a high morbidity and mortality which is difficult to treat and to manage. We propose to show that the combination of all the above components can be defined as the 'Molotov cocktail' burn syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Cyclosporin A treatment failed to extend skin allograft survival in two burn patients.

Prolongation of skin allograft survival by immunosuppression of burn casualties has been reported sporadically during the past two decades. Recently cyclosporin A (CycA) has been used effectively for such an indication. We report here two paediatric patients with extensive burns (85-95 per cent BSA) treated with fresh, family-related skin allografts that were rejected during CycA treatment after 14-18 days. One of these children survived while the other died with candida sepsis.

Burns↗
PubMed1994

The inframammary midline triangle in reduction mammaplasty: the renewal of an old idea.

The junction between the inframammary and vertical suture lines after reduction mammaplasty is a weak point well known to plastic surgeons. This junction is prone to either necrosis or disruption, or both, in some cases. A small triangle of skin left in that location may prevent this problem. This is done routinely in all the cases of McKissock reduction mammaplasty, but it could be employed in any other techniques as well. The cosmetic appearance is good. The method, which is not new and has been used in the past, has been found very helpful and is described here along with its advantages.

Breast↗