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Biomedical subjects

A Nonaka

Publications and source records attributed to A Nonaka.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Direct ESR measurement of free radicals in mouse pancreatic lesions.

In this experiment, free radicals in the pancreas of endotoxemia and ethionine induced acute pancreatitis in mice were attempted to be detected directly by ESR spectroscopy, using 77 K freeze-trapping and 25 degrees C DMPO spin trapping techniques. In the 77 K freeze-trapping method, Mn (II) ion and R-00. radical were detected in endotoxemia and ethionine induced pancreatic lesions. The heme-NO radical was observed at 6 and 24 h after isolation of the normal pancreas, and signal intensity was increased with time. This finding supports that ESR spectroscopy is a useful method for detecting the tissue degeneration process from ischemia to necrosis. Using the DMPO spin trapping technique (25 degrees C), 6-line was detected at 6 h after intraperitoneal administration of E. coli in the model of endotoxemia, and 3- and 6-lines and a signal suggestive of DMPO-OH adduct were noted at 12 and 24 h in ethionine pancreatitis. These findings suggest that impaired pancreatic tissues exist in a considerably oxidative environment and oxygen derived free radicals may be considered to play an important role in the development of pancreatic lesions.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Changes of xanthine oxidase, lipid peroxide and superoxide dismutase in mouse acute pancreatitis.

The role of free radicals in the development of pancreatitis was evaluated by measuring the level of activities of xanthine oxidase (XOD), lipid peroxide (LPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Acute pancreatitis was induced in female mice fed a choline-deficient meal containing 0.5% DL-ethionine (CDE meal). Acute pancreatitis was confirmed by the changes in serum amylase level and other typical features observed microscopically 24 h after the meal was taken. Activity of XOD was elevated significantly (p less than 0.05) from the baseline of 1.13 +/- 0.19 U/g tissue to 2.34 +/- 0.46, 2.59 +/- 0.33 and 3.46 +/- 0.70 U/g tissue, 8, 12 and 24 h, respectively, after the CDE meal. The LPO level was also increased from an undetectable amount to 1.10 +/- 0.47 nmol/ml (p less than 0.05), 1.03 +/- 0.18 (p less than 0.01) at 6 and 8 h, respectively, and then returned to an undetectable amount at 12 h. The peak level of LPO was shown at 24 h, 1.76 +/- 0.40 nmol/ml (p less than 0.01) and gradually decreased until 48 h, 1.17 +/- 0.37 nmol/ml (p less than 0.01) after the CDE meal. Changes of LPO took a biphasic pattern. SOD was decreased significantly from 47.1 +/- 3.4 mU/g tissue to 30.7 +/- 2.5, 24.8 +/- 1.7 and 20.6 +/- 1.1 mU/g tissue at 8 (p less than 0.01), 12 (p less than 0.01), and 24 (p less than 0.01) h, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Effect of endotoxin on digestive enzyme and superoxide dismutase in mouse pancreas.

In order to clarify the effect of endotoxin on pancreatic lesions, changes in the level of activity of pancreatic proteolytic enzymes and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured following the intraperitoneal administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin in mice. Microscopic examination revealed that congestion of zymogen granules in acinar cells appeared in the early stages. The accumulation increased gradually and was widespread at 24 h after E. coli endotoxin administration. The serum amylase level increased significantly from its basal level of 1,630 +/- 128 SU to 2,395 +/- 42 SU at 4 h (p less than 0.05), 3,172 +/- 513 SU at 8 h (p less than 0.05), and 2,572 +/- 229 SU at 12 h (p less than 0.05) after E. coli endotoxin administration. The serum lipase level also increased significantly from its basal level of 37.6 +/- 1.6 IU/l to 65.8 +/- 8.9 IU/l at 12 h (p less than 0.05). The level of trypsinogen in the pancreas increased markedly from its basal level of 161.8 +/- 15.7 U/g tissue to 270.0 +/- 9.6 U/g tissue at 2 h (p less than 0.001) after E. coli endotoxin administration and showed continued increases at 8 h (313.3 +/- 10 U/g tissue, p less than 0.001) and 24 h (352.9 +/- 19.3 U/g tissue, p less than 0.001); however, the level of net stimulated secretion of trypsinogen in the medium decreased significantly at 4 h (p less than 0.05) and 8 h (p less than 0.01) after E. coli endotoxin administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amylases↗
PubMed1989

[Effects of inhalation anesthetics on hepatic ATP and L/P ratio in the rat subjected to hemorrhagic shock].

Both anesthetics and hemorrhage may affect the hepatic energy metabolism. The effects of inhalation anesthetics (halothane, enflurane and isoflurane) on hepatic ATP level and L/P ratio were evaluated in rat under hemorrhagic shock. There was no significant difference in the hepatic ATP levels among 4 groups. However the L/P ratio in 3 inhalation anesthetic groups was significantly lower than that in control group. These results suggest that inhalation anesthetics may improve the hepatic energy metabolism during hemorrhagic shock.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Small carcinoma of the pancreas. Clinical and pathologic evaluation of 17 patients.

The clinical and pathologic characteristics of 17 small carcinomas (less than 2 cm in diameter) of the pancreas are reviewed in this article. All the tumors were located in the head of the pancreas, and the clue to the diagnosis was jaundice in ten patients and abdominal pain in seven. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CA 19-9 were not reliable markers for detecting small carcinomas of the pancreas. Ultrasonography (US), computerized tomography (CT), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were useful diagnostic tools. Lymph node metastases were found in 41% of affected patients, capsular invasion in 24%, retroperitoneal invasion in 24%, and portal system involvement in 29%. In five patients the carcinoma was Stage I; in eight patients, Stage II; in two patients, Stage III, and in two patients, Stage IV. Fifteen patients with Stages I to III and one patient with Stage IV underwent curative pancreaticoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy, and one patient with liver metastasis and Stage IV underwent noncurative pancreaticoduodenectomy. The cumulative 4-year survival rate was 37%. Although four patients with Stage I disease lived for more than 48 months, the survival period of the 12 patients with Stages II to IV disease was less than 25 months. Thus, small carcinoma of the pancreas is not always curable; however, a small, localized lesion without any extratumoral extension can be resected with a chance of cure.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1988

[AUFRAP therapy: combined modality treatment of malignant gliomas with intraarterial infusion of ACNU].

A method of combination therapy was proposed for the treatment of malignant gliomas, and the clinical results were reported. This combination consisted of ACNU (nimustine), UFT (tegafur + uracil), Radiation, vitamin A and PSK (krestin), and was named AUFRAP therapy. Intracarotid infusion of ACNU (100 or 150 mg/body) was done after the administration of vitamin A (100,000 units), in the first and last week of radiation therapy with a total dose of 60-70 Gy. UFT (400-600 mg/day) and PSK (3g/day) were also given orally. After the induction of remission, patients were treated in the outpatient clinic under a similar maintaining protocol. Two patients who received 150 mg of ACNU and daily 600 mg of UFT in combination with radiation therapy showed severe myelosuppression in the early stage of treatment, and the combination therapy was aborted. Two of four patients who received 100mg of ACNU and daily 400mg of UFT did not show such severe side effects and two showed transient, moderate myelosuppression and vomiting. The serum phenitoin concentration doubled and was thought to be a side effect of tegafur. All four patients completed the induction protocol and follow-up CT scans disclosed shrinkage of the remained tumors, decreased contrast enhancement or no evidence of recurrence. Interactions of these drugs and radiation were discussed and the literature was reviewed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Diurnal profile of gastrointestinal hormones following pancreatectomy].

A long-term follow-up study revealed that diabetes, diarrhea and dumping syndrome were the major complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy. The PABA recovery rate in PFD test was markedly decreased in patients with pancreaticoduodenectomy, suggesting that impaired exocrine pancreatic function is the main cause of the complications. A 24-hour profile of pancreatic juice secretion more than 1.5 months after operation, showed that pancreatic juice was rich in protein and amylase, and secretion was increased following a meal and early in the morning. Gastrin, CCK and VIP were not detected during these periods; however, secretin and motilin were increased. These results suggest that pancreatic exocrine function recovered in patients with pancreaticoduodenectomy and secretin and motilin played an important role in the regulation of these functions.

Circadian Rhythm↗
PubMed1987

Plasma levels of secretory IgA in patients with gastric cancer.

The levels of plasma secretory IgA were measured in patients with gastric cancer and found to be slightly higher (9.6 +/- 6.2 micrograms/ml) than those in healthy controls (7.0 +/- 2.6 micrograms/ml, 0.05 less than P less than 0.1). Secretory IgA levels in those with hepatic metastases (19.7 +/- 12.2 micrograms/ml) were significantly higher than those in patients without hepatic metastases (P less than 0.001). In the latter, there was no significant relationship between plasma secretory IgA levels and the deepest layer of cancerous invasion or lymph node metastases. The secretory IgA levels in cases of well differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma were significantly higher than those with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (P less than 0.05). Although there is small diagnostic value in the detection of gastric cancer by measuring the levels of secretory IgA, high levels of secretory IgA in gastric cancer patients may be indicative of the presence of hepatic metastases.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

The role of plasma secretin during starvation in dogs.

Plasma secretin levels were measured during a 72-hour starvation period in dogs. Plasma secretin rose significantly and insulin levels fell significantly during starvation. Intravenous glucose loading at the end of the 72-hour starvation period suppressed plasma secretin and free fatty acid levels with a concomitant rise of glucose and insulin levels. These findings suggest that secretin might be regulated by plasma glucose and insulin levels and might play a role in lipolysis during starvation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reproducibility of scanning laser Doppler flowmetry in the rat retina and optic nervehead.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to confirm the reliability of scanning laser Doppler flowmetry in the rat retina and optic nervehead, and the validity of measuring changes of retinal blood flow in rats while breathing 100% oxygen. METHODS: We used a commercially available scanning laser Doppler flowmeter. To ascertain reliability, five consecutive and separate perfusion measurements of 12 eyes of 12 anesthetized pigmented rats were performed. To evaluate the validity of the system, repeated measurements were taken in anesthetized rats breathing room air or 100% oxygen. This series of measurements was repeated three times. RESULTS: The reliability coefficients of volume, flow, and velocity in the optic nervehead and the retina ranged from 0.80 to 0.83 and 0. 77 to 0.82, respectively. After the first exposure to oxygen, the measured values of volume, flow, and velocity were reduced by an average of 20.9-24.0%, 21.2-28.2%, and 19.5-24.5%, respectively. After the values returned to the basal condition, the second and third exposures to oxygen yielded measured values that were reduced by the same amounts as at the first exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Scanning laser Doppler flowmetry provided relatively good reliability in measurements of blood flow in the rat retina and optic nervehead. This study has indicated the possibility of applying this system to the rat retina.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perioperative quantitative analysis of cytokeratin 20 mRNA in peripheral venous blood of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Hematogenous dissemination is a significant short-coming of colorectal carcinoma treatment. To screen patients with high risk for such blood-borne metastasis, we previously developed a highly sensitive system for the detection of cytokeratin 20 (CK-20) mRNA in blood. For a more practical application, we improved this system by making it quantitative and capable of analyzing peripheral venous blood for the detection of perioperative changes in CK-20 mRNA. CK-20 mRNA was not always detected in the preoperative blood, even in patients in an advanced stage, but it was identified without fail in intra- and post-operative blood. In addition, more copies of CK-20 mRNA were observed in the intra-operative blood than in pre- and post-operative blood. This study suggests that analysis of perioperative changes may provide important information for the precise evaluation of hematogenous dissemination and of the effect of surgical maneuvers on recurrence.

Adenocarcinoma↗