Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to A Notario.
A case of diffuse eosinophilic infiltration of the gastroenteric tract which involved a large portion of the small intestine is discussed. It arose in a patient not previously affected with allergic traits and without eosinophilia in peripheral blood. Problems of differential diagnosis and clinical-therapeutic implications are reported.
A clinical case of a patient suffering from non-Hodgkin lymphoma with breast localization and skin infiltration is reported. Skin lesion was the presenting feature: after diagnosis and chemotherapy the relapse of lymphoma was characterized by breast infiltration. These particular localizations are discussed in terms of their unfavourable prognostic significance in lymphoma.
The authors report two cases of granulomatous allergic angiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) in patients previously affected by bronchial asthma. Different clinical developments and responses to therapy are considered.
We studied the effects on platelet function of different human tumour cells cultured "in vitro": Mo T lymphocyte cell line, NCI-N592 small cell lung carcinoma cell line, and 5637 bladder carcinoma cell line. Mo and NCI-N592 cells possessed a slight, dose-dependent platelet aggregating activity, which was completely abolished by apyrase and unaffected by hirudin. The cell-free supernatant also induced an aggregation response, which was very similar to that obtained with tumour cell suspensions. The presence of ADP in the cell-free supernatants of cell suspensions was confirmed by HPLC analysis. On the contrary, aggregation induced by 5637 cells was preceded by a significant lag phase; it was not affected by apyrase but it was abolished by hirudin, and the cell-free supernatant had no effect. These data suggest that Mo and NCI-N592 cells activate platelets by producing ADP, while 5637 cells stimulate platelet function by generating thrombin. The amount of ADP produced by the first two tumour cell lines was measured by bioassay: the extent of such production was similar for both cell lines and the maximum was reached after 60 minutes and maintained for up to 3 hours. These results suggest that neoplastic cells can activate platelets by different mechanisms: such investigations should be performed in homologous systems and in well-defined experimental conditions.
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GH, LH, insulin and glucagon patterns were studied in the peripheral leukocytes of normal subjects (granulocytes and lymphocytes separated on a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient) and leukaemic patients (CML, AML, CLL, and ALL), using a double antibody RIA on whole cells. The uptake of 125I-labelled insulin and GH by these cells was also assessed. The results showed that in leukaemia, particularly CLL, ALL and AML, though not in CML, there was a constant reduction in hormone values, plus depressed GH and insulin uptake. The only exceptions were glucagon and insulin in CML, and LH in CLL, since their concentrations were normal or clearly enhanced. The data are seen as an expression of a membrane receptor block extending to several hormones with structural differences (protein, steroid, T3 and T4), capable of altering the ability of leukaemic cells to respond to ordinary factors modulating their differentiation, functional activity, and the expansion of the corresponding stem cell compartment.
Membrane proteins in circulating blood cells were examined in chick embryos on the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 10th incubation day, in chicks immediately after hatching, and in adult birds. Haemoglobin electrophoresis patterns were determined on cellulose acetate after solubilisation with urea, and in gradient of pH and concentration on acrylamide gels after solubilisation in SDS. Amino acids and other amino compounds were also determined after acid hydrolysis and resin chromatography. Haemoglobin patterns were similar to those displayed by the membrane proteins. The latter, however, changed more slowly.
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The behaviour of GH, LH and TSH was investigated in peripheral leukocytes from normal subjects and patients with acute and chronic myeloid and lymphatic leukaemia. A double-antibody radioimmunological method was used to examine intact cells, after separation of granulocytes from lymphocytes on a Ficoll-Hypaque gradient. The results obtained showed a higher concentration of LH in normal granulocytes by comparison with lymphocytes, and a marked fall in all (except chronic lymphatic) leukaemias. GH and TSH, on the other hand, were higher in normal lymphocytes as opposed to granulocytes, while GH was reduced in all forms of leukaemia and TSH slightly increased (except in CLL). In addition, TSH was found in smaller quantities than the other hormones in all cell types examined. The differences between leukaemic and normal cells are tentatively explained by postulating a change in membrane receptors during the leukaemic transformation of blood cells.
The behaviour of phagocytosis and that of PGE1 and PGE2 in the circulating granulocytes of normal and leukaemic subjects was investigated by the comparison of latex particles and the PAP (peroxidase-antiperoxidase) immuno-enzymatic method respectively. Generally speaking, it was found that chronic myeloid leukaemia and acute myeloblastic leukaemia were accompanied by a marked reduction in phagocyting capacity, whereas this is apparently normal in CLL and ALL. PCE values, on the other hand, were well down in lymphatic leukaemia, AML and AMML, but not in CML, where high PGE (especially PGE2) was noted both basally and after phagocytosis. That the PGE take part in phagocytosis is shown by their redistribution in phagocyting cells, with elective accumulation in the membrane and around the engulfed material.