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A Noya

Publications and source records attributed to A Noya.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Characteristics of drug resistance and HIV among tuberculosis patients in Mozambique.

SETTING: The rate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence among tuberculosis patients varies between 2% and 53% in Mozambique, depending on the region. Drug resistance surveillance has been performed in only a few cities in Mozambique. OBJECTIVES: To establish the extent of drug resistance in areas of Mozambique with different levels of HIV prevalence, to estimate the prevalence of HIV among tuberculosis (TB) patients, and to examine the association between drug resistance and HIV infection. DESIGN: All tuberculosis patients diagnosed at randomly selected health facilities over 9 months (September 1998 to June 1999) were enrolled in the study. Sputum was collected, smeared and cultured, and drug susceptibility tests were performed. Blood was tested for HIV in the respective provinces, and patients received pre-test and post-test counselling. RESULTS: Of 709 culture-positive cases, 25.5% were HIV-positive. HIV-positive patients were significantly more likely to have a prior history of treatment (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.9-3.6) and resistance to both isoniazid and streptomycin (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.3, 4.5). In patients with no history of prior tuberculosis treatment, the multidrug resistance rate was 3.4% and resistance to isoniazid and streptomycin (HS) was 5.2%. Any drug resistance was significantly more common among those with a history of prior treatment (OR 3.1; 95% CI 2.1-4.7), particularly resistance to HS (OR 4.5; 95% CI 2.6-7.9). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates substantial levels of drug resistance in Mozambique. Differences in drug resistance between high and low HIV prevalence areas may be related to prior treatment.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1995

Shigellosis in Mozambique: the 1993 outbreak rehabilitation--a follow-up study.

In this paper we describe a dysentery outbreak in Mozambique during 1993. A total of 47,483 cases and 199 deaths were reported, with an incidence rate of 292.5/100,000 and a fatality rate of 0.25% for the whole country. Of the 144 districts in the country 123 were affected: those situated along the principal communications routes and corridors had high incidence rates, up to 3308/100,000. All the provincial capitals were affected with incidence rates between 59.6 and 4381.8/100,000. Shigella dysenteriae type 1 was identified as the aetiological agent. This strain was sensitive to nalidixic acid, cephalosporins, gentamicin and kanamycin, and resistant to tetracyclines, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, sulphisoxazole, cotrimoxazol and erythromycin. This is the first dysentery epidemic caused by S. dysenteriae type 1 reported in Mozambique. The epidemic still continues. Population movements after the war, poor levels of sanitation and poverty contributed to the gravity of the outbreak.

Child↗
PubMed1994

[Cholera epidemiology in Mozambique: 1973-1992].

The results of an epidemiological analysis of cholera in Mozambique from 1973 to 1992 are described. The project sought to assess the influence of socio-economic and ecological factors the spread of cholera in a country at war. Information about the incidence of cholera and the fatality rate were related to the rainfall and the annual average growth rate of the population in the main cities. Water supply, sanitation and food hygiene were also studied. The high annual average growth rate of the population was found to have a direct linear correlation to the incidence of cholera. The drought of 1991-1992 also played an important role in the increased number of cases of the disease. Cholera has presented an endemic-epidemic pattern determined by: a) the uncontrolled growth of urban population, b) the deterioration of sanitation in urban centers, c) the unhygienic commercialization of food and d) the drought.

Cholera↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Human enzyme polymorphism in the Canary Islands. VI. Northwest African influence.

The genetic polymorphism of eight red cell enzymes was analyzed in population samples from the Northwest African Continent and from the South of Spain in order to study their genetic relationships with the Canarian population. The Moroccan, Berber and Spanish populations, although geographically more distant from the Canary Islands than the Saharan and Mauritanian ones, are genetically more closely related to the Canarian population. The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Gc allele earlier found only in the Canary Islands was detected in the Berber sample. The Spanish, Berber and African Black contributions to the Canarian hybrid population was estimated to 70, 20 and 10%, respectively.

Africa, Northern↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[CT vs MRI in the diagnosis of acute stroke].

70 patients who had suffered an acute stroke (52 ischaemic and 18 haemorrhagic) were studied with CT and MR, performing both techniques during the first week of disease and correlating the findings with the clinical data. MR proved superior in the detection of ischaemic infarcts, specially those in the posterior territory and with a small size; it was also superior to CT in the detection of leukoaraiosis and the demonstration of vascular obstructions. CT failed to detect a small brain stem haemorrhage secondary to bleeding of a cavernoma, while its performance was similar to that of MR in the remaining cases. In all patients with intracerebral haemorrhages, including two who were examined on the first day, an area of increased density was evidenced in the T1 sequences. It is concluded that CT, due to its greater availability and easiness of performance, must be maintained as first choice in acute stroke in order to differentiate haemorrhage from ischaemia, while MR may provide additional information in selected cases.

Acute Disease↗