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Biomedical subjects

A O Abubaker

Publications and source records attributed to A O Abubaker.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in mandibular fractures: A preliminary randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled clinical study.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the difference between the effect of a 5-day postoperative course of oral antibiotics and a placebo on the incidence of postoperative infection in uncomplicated fractures of the mandible. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical study using a placebo control was carried out. Thirty patients were randomly assigned into 2 groups: group 1 (14 patients) and group 2 (16 patients). Each group received penicillin G, 2 million U intravenously, every 4 hours through the preoperative period, intraoperative period, and for 12 hours postoperatively. Group 1 then received penicillin VK, 500 mg every 6 hours for 5 days. Group 2 received oral placebo using the same schedule for the same duration as group 1. The patients were than evaluated for evidence of infection 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively. RESULTS: Two of 14 patients in group 1 (14.3%) and 2 of 16 patients in group 2 (12.5%) developed infections. No statistically significant difference in the incidence of infection was noted between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: In this preliminary study, the use of postoperative oral antibiotics in uncomplicated fractures of the mandible had no benefit in reducing the incidence of infections.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2000

Genioplasty: a case for advancement osteotomy.

Despite personal preferences and training background that may influence the choice of which genioplasty technique to use, the osteoplastic technique has a better patient satisfaction rate (albeit slight), better soft tissue predictability, and less detrimental postoperative complications when compared with alloplastic augmentation of the chin. In addition, the osteoplastic technique is a more versatile procedure that can be used to correct any type of chin deformity and it has less of the limitations and contraindications associated with the alloplastic techniques.

Chin↗
PubMed1999

Telemedicine consultations in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of telemedicine consultation for preoperative assessment of patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 43 patients was done to evaluate the efficiency of telemedicine consultation in adequately assessing patients for dentoalveolar surgery with general anesthesia and nasotracheal intubation. Efficiency was defined as the ability to conduct surgery with general anesthesia at the immediately following clinic appointment without the need for further preoperative testing, evaluation, or consultation. Thirty-five of these patients were subsequently treated. RESULTS: Ninety-five percent (33) of patients were able to undergo surgery with general anesthesia at the immediate appointment, and 100% of patients were assessed correctly, using telemedicine consultation. Two of the patients were assessed as American Society of Anesthesiologists Class III during telemedicine consultation and required further evaluation before surgery could be scheduled. No surgical procedure was canceled, and there were no anesthetic complications attributable to inadequate preoperative assessment of patients during telemedicine consultation. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms that telemedicine consultations are as reliable as those conducted by traditional methods. Because of the reorganization of health care and the ways it is financed, it may be more economical to move data from place to place than to move doctors from place to place. Telecommunication is an efficient and cost-effective mechanism to provide preoperative evaluation in situations in which patient transport is difficult or costly.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Changes in charges and costs associated with hospitalization of patients with mandibular fractures between 1991 and 1993.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to examine the changes in costs, charges, and income related to hospitalization of patients with mandibular fractures treated over a 3-year period. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study involved retrospective analysis of data on 97 patients treated by the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery between 1991 and 1993. Biographical data were obtained from the Trauma Registry, and the financial data were obtained from the Financial Services Administration. The study examined the changes in costs and charges of hospitalization, insurance status, reimbursement, total revenue, and income losses from hospitalization of patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of mandibular fracture. In addition, the study examined the changes in costs of major items involved in treatment. Possible variables such as age, gender, and cause of fracture were also recorded. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients were admitted in 1991, 35 in 1992, and 33 in 1993. These patients were predominantly young males. The average cost of treatment decreased by 2% in 1992 and increased by 58% in 1993. The average charge increased by 12.9% in 1992 and by 76.8% in 1993. The total reimbursement increased by 11.2% in 1992 and by 47.7% in 1993. The average payment per patient to the institution by third-party payers decreased by 7.8% in 1992 and increased by 56.6% in 1993. The loss of income to the institution (cost minus reimbursement) increased by 105.9% in 1992 and by 58% in 1993. The average institution income loss from the care for each patient increased by 70.6% in 1992 and by 67.8% in 1993. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that there was a continued increase in costs, charges, and income loss for hospitalization of mandibular fracture patients during the years 1991 to 1993, whereas the reimbursement rate decreased from 65% to 47% of the charges. The increase in cost of supplies and use of rigid fixation, the increase in the number of uninsured patients, and the pricing practices of the institution were possible causes of these changes.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1996

Effects of sex hormones on protein and collagen content of the temporomandibular joint disc of the rat.

PURPOSE: The effect of sex hormones on the protein and collagen content of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc of adult male and female rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred forty-four Wistar rats were assigned to 14 groups of 12 each. Two groups, one female and one male, served as a control and received no treatment, and two other groups (one female and one male) received a sham gonadectomy and placebo hormone. The remaining 10 groups (five males and five females) received either orchiectomy or ovariectomy, followed by administration of estrogen, progesterone, combined estrogen and progesterone, or testosterone. The total protein and collagen content of the TMJ disc were determined using the calorimetric hydroxyproline method. RESULTS: The collagen content of TMJ discs of control males was statistically greater than the collagen content of the control female rats. This difference disappeared after ovariectomy of females and orchiectomy of males. Also, there was a general trend for a decrease in collagen and protein content to be produced by estrogen, progesterone, and by estrogen combined with progesterone in castrated male and female rats, and by orchiectomy of male rats. There was also a trend toward an increase in collagen and protein content after ovariectomy in female rats and administration of testosterone to castrated male and female rats. However, the only statistically significant effect of the drugs tested was that of estrogen combined with progesterone in ovariectomized female rats (a lowering effect on the total protein) and of estrogen alone in orchiectomized male rats (a lowering effect on the collagen content). CONCLUSION: Steroid sex hormones have an effect on the collagen and protein content of the TMJ disc of the rat as indicated by the difference in the values between control males and females and by the disappearance of this difference on castration of both male and female animals. This was also manifested by the significant effect of estradiol on collagen content of castrated males, by the effect of estrogen combined with progesterone on the protein content of castrated females.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Estrogen and progesterone receptors in temporomandibular joint discs of symptomatic and asymptomatic persons: a preliminary study.

Numerous studies have shown the presence of estrogen receptors and a mediated effect of estrogen through these receptors in the articular cartilage of various species, including humans. Because temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms are more prevalent among women, this study was performed to investigate the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the human TMJ. Seven TMJ disc specimens obtained from women with TMJ symptoms with documented internal derangement were analyzed for the presence of these receptors. These were compared with another group of 15 TMJ discs removed from men and women with no TMJ symptoms undergoing skull base surgery who had extirpation of the TMJ for access to the skull base. Detection of these receptors was done by an immunohistochemical technique using mouse monoclonal antibody. The results showed the presence of these receptors in both symptomatic and asymptomatic men and women. Although these receptors were found in more of the women with TMJ symptoms than the other two groups, due to the small number of the specimens studies no definitive conclusions as to the correlation between female sex hormones and TMJ symptoms could be drawn. However it was concluded that the TMJ disc is, at least in some men and women, potentially a female sex hormone target tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Maxillofacial considerations in orthotopic liver transplantation.

Orthotopic liver transplantation is now a widely used treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. Lifelong pharmacologic immunosuppression renders these patients susceptible to many infections. The purpose of this article is to provide guidelines for treating the patient with end-stage liver disease, both before and after transplantation. In addition, we shall discuss some of the medical implications associated with end-stage liver disease and their clinical presentations and appropriate presurgical management. Adverse side effects of long-term immunosuppression and their effect on the oral and maxillofacial region shall also be discussed. Last, a brief discussion of FK506, the latest immunosuppressant, will be presented together with the implications of its use on our surgical treatment of these patients.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

Modified Le Fort I (maxillary-zygomatic) osteotomy: rationale, basis, and surgical technique.

A modified version of the Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy is described. The esthetic and anatomic basis, the surgical technique, and possible complications are discussed and two representative cases are shown. This technique has been used to treat 38 patients with various degrees of combined maxillary-zygomatic deficiency in the last 3 years. Based on this experience, it is concluded that this procedure provides a predictable esthetic result and excellent skeletal stability with few intraoperative and postoperative complications. Furthermore, the need for simultaneous bone grafting or alloplastic implants, as in the conventional Le Fort I, is virtually eliminated using this osteotomy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Use of the coronal surgical incision for reconstruction of severe craniomaxillofacial injuries.

The coronal approach is a versatile surgical technique to expose the craniofacial skeleton. A retrospective clinical study on the use of this approach in treatment of craniomaxillofacial trauma in 28 patients was carried out. The study showed that this technique provides optimum exposure of the fracture sites, allowing for accurate anatomic reduction and fixation of the fractured segments and good cosmetic results in the incision site. The surgical technique, indications, and management and prevention of potential complications of the coronal approach are discussed.

Adolescent↗