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Biomedical subjects

A O Falase

Publications and source records attributed to A O Falase.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Dilated cardiomyopathy in young adult Africans: a sequel to infections?

Over a period of 6 years, only twelve cases of dilated cardiomyopathy were clinically diagnosed in Nigerians between the ages of 11-30 years at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Eleven presented with heart failure, while the twelfth patient presented with a cerebrovascular accident. Two other patients also had a cerebrovascular accident. A history of febrile illness was obtained in seven, but in only three was fever unresponsive to antimalarials, documented on admission. Antistreptolysin-O titre was normal and erythrocyte sedimentation rates elevated in each of the patients. Leucocytosis was present in six, three had a four-fold rise or fall in antibody titres against Coxsackie-B viruses and one, a four-fold rise or fall against Toxoplasma gondii. Histological evidences of myopericarditis were found in three of the six patients who died. It is concluded that dilated cardiomyopathy is rare in young adult Nigerians, and that constitutional upset is common, as in children, but prognosis is poorer. Infections by Coxsackie-B viruses, T. gondii and possibly other viruses appear to be of major aetiological factors

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Chronic constrictive pericarditis: hemodynamic changes following pericardiectomy.

Ten patients with chronic constrictive pericarditis underwent pericardiectomy at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, from July 1977 to May 1979. Preoperatively, right heart catheterization and angiocardiography were performed in seven patients. A significant decline in mean right atrial pressure occurred intraoperatively immediately after completion of decortication. Further measurements obtained in the immediate postoperative period identified two patient groups: one group of four patients with normal pressures and no mortality and one group of five patients with abnormal pressures and three deaths.Intraoperative pressure measurement at pericardiectomy is suggested as a useful parameter in identifying those patients with "reversible" myocardial dysfunction at risk from refractory cardiac failure in the postoperative period. Restoration of normal pressure after pericardiectomy is not dependent on the duration of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

beta-Adrenoceptor blocking effects and pharmacokinetics of pindolol. A study in hypertensive Africans.

The beta-adrenoceptor blocking effects of pindolol were compared with those of a placebo in a double-blind trial in twelve hypertensive Africans. Heart rate and arterial blood pressure were measured at rest and immediately after exercise, before and at intervals up to 8 h after oral administration of the drugs. Plasma levels of pindolol were also determined. Pindolol reduced systolic blood pressure and antagonised exercised-induced tachycardia. The mean time to peak level of pindolol was 1.9 h and the mean half-life was 4.2 h. Comparison of plasma levels of pindolol and beta-adrenoceptor blocking activity showed good correlation between them. It is concluded that the pharmacokinetics and beta-blocking effects of pindolol in Africans are not dissimilar from published data for other races.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1979

Pharmacokinetics of pindolol in Africans.

The pharmacokinetics of pindolol were determined in 12 hypertensive African subjects after a single oral dose of the drug. The estimated pharmacokinetic parameters do not differ significantly in Africans from the values which have been obtained in other races.

Africa↗
PubMed1979

Comparative beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking effects and pharmacokinetics or propranolol and pindolol in hypertensive Africans.

1. The beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking effects of pindolol were compared with those of propranolol and a placebo in a double-blind cross-over trial involving nine hypertensive African patients. 2. Heart rate, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were measured at rest and immediately after exercise before and at intervals up to 6 h after oral administration of the drugs. In addition, plasma pindolol and propranolol concentrations were determined at the same intervals. 3. Pindolol diminished systolic blood pressure at rest and after exercise and antagonized exercise-induced tachycardia, but had no effect on resting heart rate. Propranolol diminished systolic blood pressure predominantly after exercise and reduced both resting and exercise heart rate. Both drugs had no effect on diastolic pressure. 4. The mean plasma concentration reached a peak at 2 h for each drug and this coincide with the interval at which maximal beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking effect was observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of alprenolol in African hypertensive patients.

A placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of alprenolol was carried out in 20 hypertensive Africans. The active drug and placebo were each administered for 8 weeks using a crossover design. Alprenolol was given in the form of a slow-release tablet preparation at a dosage of 200 mg twice daily. Four patients were withdrawn from the study either because of side-effects (2 patients) or non-compliance (2 patients). The mean reduction in blood pressure obtained in the 16 patients who completed the trial was less than that usually reported in Caucasians.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Heart muscle disease among adult Nigerians: role of nutritional factors in its aetiology.

A study of 44 Nigerians with heart muscle disease defined as congestive cardiac failure and cardiac enlargement of unknown cause with a presenting diastolic blood pressure of not more than 100 mm Hg has shown 20 were alcoholics. 12 of these belonged to the high socioeconomic class. 17 were thiamine deficient; 11 of these consumed alcohol excessively and 8 of the 11 belonged to the high socioeconomic class. Only 3 alcoholics were identified in 52 controls. None of the 3 patients was thiamine deficient but 10 others were. Only 1 patient with heart muscle disease had a reversible high output cardiac failure. The mean serum albumin of the patients with heart muscle disease was significantly lower than controls. There was no significant difference between the mean levels of serum potassium in the study group and controls. It is concluded that chronic alcoholism is not rare among Nigerians with heart muscle disease. Although there is no convincing evidence to show that malnutrition or thiamine deficiency could in themselves cause the chronic myocardial failure seen in heart muscle disease, they could be conditioning factors which increase the susceptibility of the heart to other injurious agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Coxsackie B viruses and heart muscle disease in Nigerian adults.

In 44 Nigerians with heart muscle disease, the percentage of patients who had a fourfold rise or fall to at least one of the Coxsackie B viruses was greater than controls. Patients with heart muscle disease also had significantly higher levels of antibody titres. Antibodies to Coxsackie viruses B2, B3 and B6 were more frequent in their sera than in controls. While these results do not prove a Coxsackie B viral aetiology it is concluded that these viruses could be the cause of cardiac damage and heart failure in some Nigerians. It could also be one of the many adverse factors which produce repeated myocardial damage and thus weaken the heart to the point of failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Endomyocardial fibrosis. Problems in differential diagnosis.

The clinical and angiographic findings in 5 consecutive patients with congestive cardiac failure are presented to illustrate the pitfalls in the clinical diagnosis of endomyocardial fibrosis. In one patient the clinical diagnosis was confirmed at angiography while another patient who had angiographic evidence of early right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis was diagnosed clinically as mitral stenosis. In 2 patients the clinical diagnosis was erroneous, there being no evidence of endomyocardial fibrosis on angiography. The fifth patient, who had angiographic evidence of idiopathic cardiomegaly, was diagnosed clinically as either idiopathic cardiomegaly or advanced left ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis. In tropical countries, where endomyocardial fibrosis, rheumatic heart disease, and idiopathic cardiomegaly are common, accurate clinical diagnosis of endomyocardial fibrosis is often difficult and angiographic studies are essential for confirmation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Neuropsychiatric manifestations of infective endocarditis: a study of 95 patients at Ibadan, Nigeria.

Thirty-eight percent of patients with infective endocarditis (36 of 95) had neuropsychiatric manifestations. In 75% (27 of 36), these features were the major presenting picture. Fifteen patients (42%) presented with cerebrovascular lesions and seven (19%) with meningitis. Toxic encephalopathy (12.5%) was not uncommon. Other neurological syndromes seen included psychosis and spinal cord lesions. The mortality was high especially when the infective endocarditis was acute in onset. It is essential to search diligently for an underlying cardiac cause in patients who present with neuropsychiatric symptoms because treatment of the underlying pathology improves prognosis.

Adolescent↗