Evaluation of paraffin baiting technique for rapid isolation of atypical mycobacteria.
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Bacteriological Techniques↗
Biomedical subjects
A Oberoi
Publications and source records attributed to A Oberoi.
Acute liver failure.
Acute liver failure in children is associated with a high mortality. Most cases in our setup are due to water borne hepatotropic viruses HAV and HEV. The clinician must be aware of the earliest and the subtle signs of acute liver failure to identify cases early enough and institute supportive therapy. Focus of therapy has to be on prevention, early recognition and appropriate management of complications. Despite good intensive care, about 40-60% children with liver failure die. As and when liver transplantation becomes available in India, it would be an attractive option.
Child↗
Endothelin-1-mediated retinal artery vasospasm and the rabbit electroretinogram.
Electroretinogram (ERG) changes invariably accompany the selective interruption of the retinal circulation that occurs in human central retinal artery occlusion. Since arteriolar ligation or ocular hypertension in the rabbit eye is occasionally used to model human central retinal artery occlusion, we conducted the present study to determine whether selective interruption of the retinal circulation of the rabbit eye alters retinal function as measured by the ERG. The vasoconstrictor, endothelin-1, was injected into the vitreous of rabbits' eyes to induce complete vasospasm and selective interruption of the retinal circulation. This procedure was compared to vascular ligation of the ophthalmic and ciliary arteries in which both the retinal and choroidal circulations were interrupted. A total of 8 rabbits was studied. Circulation was monitored angiographically in half of the eyes, and retinal function was monitored by the ERG in the remaining eyes. Endothelin-1 obliterated retinal arteriolar blood flow without affecting choroidal blood flow for at least 1 hr. Although ERG a-wave amplitude showed a small decline over 2 hr, b-wave and oscillatory potential amplitudes (measures of inner retinal function) showed no loss over this period. In contrast, ligation of the ophthalmic and ciliary arteries produced complete obliteration of both retinal arteriolar and choroidal blood flow and complete loss of the ERG after 2 min. Endothelin-1 induces acute, selective interruption of retinal arteriolar blood flow which has no significant physiologic effect on inner retinal function of the rabbit as monitored by the ERG. The avascular rabbit retina appears to be a poor choice for modeling human retinal artery occlusion.
Animals↗
Evaluation of rapid kits for detection of HIV, HBsAg and HCV infections.
Diagnostic kits (J. Mitra Co. Ltd) for rapid detection of HIV, HBsAg & HCV were evaluated against respective enzyme immunoassay (Ortho Diagnostics). All rapid kits were 100% specific for HIV, HBsAg & HCV. Sensitivity for HIV, HCV & HBsAg was 80%, 87.5% & 93.4% respectively.
HIV Antigens↗
Retinal artery occlusion in rabbit eyes using human atheroma.
Previous animal models of central retinal artery occlusion using glass or latex embolic material may not simulate human disease. We have developed a rabbit model using human atherosclerotic material, which may be useful in developing embolus specific treatments, including thrombolysis or laser photodisruption. Fresh human atherosclerotic plaque was harvested from atherosclerotic human aorta by mechanical removal and suspension in normal saline. The suspension was agitated vigorously to produce small particles, which were separated into various sizes by filtration through mesh filters with specific pore sizes. The common carotid artery of the anesthetized rabbit was isolated by neck dissection and cannulated using a modified Seldinger technique. Suspensions of human atherosclerotic plaque were injected into the common carotid artery via this cannula. All animals were examined by slit lamp and fluorescein angiography before and after retinal artery occlusion. This model reliably produced retinal artery occlusion using human atherosclerotic plaque. Plaque particles less than 105 microns reliably produced branch retinal artery occlusion, while larger plaque particles less than 149 microns reliably produced central retinal artery occlusion. Sublingual nitroglycerin, at 0.1 mg/kg, intravenous verapamil, from 0.2 mg/kg to 2 mg/kg, and intracarotid urokinase given acutely in standard doses failed to cause reperfusion. This model will be very useful in the study and treatment of retinal vascular disorders as it may more closely simulate human disease over previous models using artificial embolic materials. Embolic specific treatment stategies, such as thrombolysis and laser photodisruption, may be further developed with this model.
Animals↗
Epidemiology of hepatitis E and A in Ludhiana.
AIM: To study the epidemiology of hepatitis E and A in Ludhiana. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of laboratory data of the year 2001 was done, to study the epidemiology of hepatitis E and A in Ludhiana in relation to prevalence, age, sex, area of residence and seasonal variation. RESULTS: Prevalence of HEV was 13.9%. Infection with it occurred through out the year with no preponderance of cases following the monsoons. Young male adults between 20-40 years of age were predominantly affected. Prevalence of HAV was 5.5% affecting mainly children below 14 years of age. Population of urban areas around "Gandha Naliash" (a large open sewer) was at high risk as there was clustering of HEV & HAV cases around that area.
Adolescent↗