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Biomedical subjects

A Ogborne

Publications and source records attributed to A Ogborne.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Drinking and heavy drinking by students in 18 countries.

This paper examines how levels of drinking, daily drinking and heavy drinking are related in 18 countries. There is wide national variation in consumption patterns. The proportions of students drinking and the proportion drinking at least six times in the past month correlated with per capita consumption in the total adult population. Some student drinking variables correlated with each other. Most countries (n=14) could be classified into one of two distinct groups based on the percentage of students who reported drinking at least six times per month, the percentage reporting drinking at least five drinks per day at any time in the last month and per capita alcohol consumption. Some countries in these groups were geographically close but others were not. Further research is needed to understand differences and similarities among countries with respect to student drinking.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

The influence of early and frequent use of marijuana on the risk of desistance and of progression to marijuana-related harm.

BACKGROUND: A significant minority of lifetime marijuana users will eventually receive a diagnosis of abuse or dependence. Yet little is known regarding the effect of age at onset and frequency of lifetime marijuana use on desistance from use and on progression to marijuana disorders. METHODS: To address this issue, data were obtained from a community sample of 2,729 lifetime marijuana users participating in the Ontario Mental Health Supplement. RESULTS: Early and frequent lifetime marijuana use was associated with highly persistent use and rapid progression to marijuana-related harm. Multivariate analyses revealed a monotonic increase in the risk of desistance with less frequent categories of use and later ages of onset. Results also indicated a threshold of use (100-199 times) associated with an elevated risk of developing marijuana disorders. A lower threshold of risk for marijuana problems was observed for females (50-99 times). CONCLUSIONS: Early and frequent marijuana use are potent risk factors for prolonging desistance and hastening marijuana-related harm. Required are prevention programs aimed at delaying the onset of first use as well as harm reduction strategies that encourage cessation or reduced levels of consumption among those already using.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Antecedents of the risk of recovery from DSM-III-R social phobia.

BACKGROUND: This study reports antecedents of recovery from DSM-III-R social phobia. METHODS: Retrospective data were obtained from 1116 individuals age 15 to 64 participating in a large population health survey in the province of Ontario, Canada RESULTS: Approximately 50% of the sample recovered from their illness. Survival analysis revealed a median length of illness of 25 years with peak periods of risk of recovery occurring between 30 and 45 years duration. Using discrete time multivariate hazard regression analysis, statistically significant predictors of recovery from social phobia included: childhood social contextual factors (one or no childhood siblings, a small town childhood place of residence), characteristics of the disorder (onset past the age of 7, less than three disorder symptoms), an absence of co-morbid health-related conditions and psychiatric disorders (chronic health problems and major depression), and the occurrence of co-morbid chronic health problems and major depression prior to the onset of the disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that social phobia in the general population is a chronic and unremittent disorder. Determinants of recovery are rooted in distal childhood circumstances, disorder attributes, and the physical and mental health status of individuals over the life course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

The drinking habits of residents of a rehabilitation program with a controlled drinking option: a preliminary report.

Residents of an alcoholism rehabilitation program with a controlled drinking option were asked to give daily reports on their drinking. Program staff were also asked to report evide-ce of resident drinking. A comparison of information from these two sources showed, among other things, that residents were generally reluctant to report drinking which was proscribed the the program. Such drinking as was reported varied from isolated, non-problematic, small quantity drinking, to heavy, regular and problem-producing drinking. In general, residents' drinking did not prevent them from work while in residence. The men's reluctance to report proscribed drinking is seen as largely accounted for by the system of fines for intoxication and drinking without rights. It is concluded that it would be premature to recommend the program's drinking policies to other residential programs, but future experimentation is indicated.t is concluded that it would be premature to recommend the program's drinking policies to other residential programs, but future experimentation is indicated.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1969

Abuse of methylamphetamine.

Seventy-four regular users of methylamphetamine injections were interviewed in four settings by use of a relatively structured standardized questionary. All but two had injected methylamphetamine within the previous 48 hours and had on average been using methylamphetamine continuously for 19 months.Significant features found in those interviewed were British nationality, single status, under 25 years of age, and a history of parental separation, absence, or bereavement. Educational standards were poor and a history of consistent truancy from secondary school was frequently reported.Comparison of their best and present occupations showed that downward drift had occurred. Forty-one per cent. of the sample had some definite or tentative evidence of neurotic disturbance in childhood. Twenty-three per cent. had been sentenced to detention centre, approved school, or Borstal training, and 20% had been sentenced to prison. Sixty-five per cent. had been charged with offences of one sort and 24% had been convicted of both drug and non-drug offences.A significant number had been heavy drinkers in the past, while most had been, and in many cases still were, multiple-drug users who had first started to use drugs between the ages of 16 and 20 years. They tended to have obtained methylamphetamine initially from people they knew or from sellers. While the majority were currently getting methylamphetamine from doctors, the fact that 40% gave non-medical agents as their major source of drugs suggests that a significant number were supplementing their supplies from illicit sources. More than one-half were rated as being continually involved in the "drug scene."Most of those interviewed accepted frequent psychotic episodes as a side-effect of their use of methylamphetamine. Malnutrition, weight loss, and sleep disturbance were frequent.

Adolescent↗