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Biomedical subjects

A Ohrström

Publications and source records attributed to A Ohrström.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Postoperative deposition of calcium on the surfaces of a hydrogel intraocular lens.

OBJECTIVE: To report clinical, pathological and histochemical features of 5 Hydroview intraocular lenses (IOLs) explanted from five patients who had visual disturbances caused by postoperative deposits on the lens surfaces. DESIGN: Noncomparative small case series with clinicopathologic and histochemical correlations. PARTICIPANTS: Five hydrophilic IOLs explanted from five different patients. All patients presented with decreased visual acuity and glare circa 12 months after uneventful phacoemulsification and IOL implantation, associated with a red-brown granularity on the optical surfaces of the IOLs. METHODS: The lenses were explanted, fixed in buffered formaldehyde and examined by gross and light microscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Staining of the IOLs with 1% alizarin red and with the von Kossa method (both stains for calcium). Two additional IOLs were also stained and included as controls. RESULTS: The optical surfaces of all five IOLs were covered by a layer of irregular granular deposits, composed of multiple fine, translucent spherical-ovoid granules. The deposits stained positive for calcium in all cases. No deposit or positive staining was observed on the IOLs haptics. Staining of the control IOLs was also negative. CONCLUSION: This is the first histopathological report of calcified deposits on the surfaces of this hydrogel IOL model. Further studies on other similar cases with this lens should be done to determine the incidence and possible mechanisms of this phenomenon.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Excimer laser surgery for keratoconus.

PURPOSE: To determine whether there is increased risk associated with excimer laser surgery of primary keratoconus. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, County Council Hospital, Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden. METHODS: Twenty-four eyes in 23 patients with keratoconus had photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) to reduce the steepness of the cone. A VISX Twenty-Twenty B laser (193 nm) was used for the treatments. Spherical ablations, cylindrical ablations, or both were used. Patients were followed for a mean of 22 months (range 6 to 46 months). RESULTS: Fourteen patients (58%) had improved visual acuity. Eleven (46%) could manage with only spectacles, and three (13%) were fitted with contact lenses to get adequate visual function. All treated corneas healed, and no acceleration of the keratoconus was seen. CONCLUSION: No increased risk was associated with treating primary keratoconus with excimer laser PRK. We found that excimer laser surgery can improve vision and the ability to wear contact lenses, and it did not interfere with subsequent corneal transplantation surgery.

Cornea↗
PubMed1994

Use of collagen shields in cataract surgery.

A randomized, prospective, multicenter study evaluated the efficacy and safety of using collagen shields to deliver drugs after cataract surgery. Collagen shields saturated with an antibiotic and a steroid were placed in 90 eyes postoperatively. A control group of 93 eyes received the same drugs through a peribulbar/retrobulbar injection. One day after surgery, the shield group had significantly less corneal edema, conjunctival hemorrhaging, and postoperative pain and fewer corneal opacities. All symptoms except the conjunctival hemorrhaging disappeared by day seven. Our study suggests that using collagen shields for drug delivery after cataract surgery decreases tissue damage and increases patient comfort without adverse side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Scleral reinforcement by a teflon graft and a tissue adhesive.

Expanded patches of polytetrafluoroetylen, teflon (Impra) together with a tissue adhesive (cyanoacrylate) have been used to reinforce the scleral wall. The material has been used in 3 different trials on animals in periods up to 8 months. The histological analysis showed that the material was well accepted. The study indicates that scleral reinforcement with teflon and cyanoacrylate is a safe procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

A new technique of treating rhegmatogenous retinal detachment using the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser.

In eyes with retinal detachment and a horseshoe break, vitreous traction on the retina has been relieved by severing the flap of the break with the aid of the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The retina often flattens in eyes with shallow retinal detachment after this treatment; the breaks then can be sealed off with argon laser. In cases of retinal detachment treated with expanding gas, fewer recurrences were observed when vitreous traction had been relieved by Nd:YAG laser treatment.

Argon↗
PubMed1984

Oral and topical adrenergic beta-receptor blockers in glaucoma treatment. A multicenter study.

In a long-term multicenter open randomized study of 103 patients with glaucoma or intraocular hypertension, oral propranolol combined with 2% pilocarpine was compared with 0.5% topical timolol also combined with 2% pilocarpine, with respect to the effects on intraocular pressure and other signs of glaucoma. The results showed that the hypotensive effects were highly significant and equal for both treatments. There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in the amount of cupping of the nerve head or the visual field defects developing during treatment. An additive hypotensive effect was recorded when both propranolol and timolol were combined with pilocarpine, which indicates the development of tolerance to both beta-blockers. Pulse rate and blood pressure were moderately reduced in both groups, both significantly more so in the propranolol group. The investigation indicates that when combined with pilocarpine the 2 adrenergic beta-receptor blockers are equally effective. We believe that oral propranolol can improve drug compliance in the treatment of glaucoma.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1983

A combination of oral and topical beta-blockers with additive effects on intraocular pressure.

In a double-masked randomised cross-over study the effect of adding oral propranolol (40 mg X 2) to topical timolol-treatment (0.5% X 2) was evaluated. Ten patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension (totally 15 pathological eyes and 5 healthy) who had had topical timolol for at least 2 months received the coded oral treatment. A significant decrease of the intraocular pressure (3.68 +/- 0.72 SD, P less than 0.01) was observed in the timolol-treated eyes after the addition of the masked treatment with placebo/propranolol. Also the non-timolol-treated fellow eyes had a significant decrease of the intraocular pressure. It is suggested that this additive effects depends on a loss of efficacy of the topical beta-blocker caused by an increase in the number of beta-receptors and that the oral beta-blocker restores the degree of blocking to a more efficient level.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Dose response of oral timolol combined with adrenaline.

Oral timolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor blocker, was given in 5 different doses from 5 mg to 30 mg a day to 12 healthy volunteers in a double-blind cross-over trial. Adrenaline was instilled into one eye in each subject. Recording of intraocular pressure during the trial suggested the presence of a dose-response relationship between the dose of timolol and the decrease of intraocular pressure. An analysis of the interaction of timolol and adrenaline showed that the adrenaline effect diminished linearly with increasing timolol dose, which finally made the combination less effective than timolol alone.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Dose-related interaction between timolol and adrenaline.

The effects on IOP of a combination of oral timolol maleate and adrenaline eye drops were investigated in a double-blind randomized trial using health volunteers. Timolol was given in two doses, 20 and 5 mg a day. One percent adrenaline eye drops were given to one eye, placebo to the other. The results showed a significant additive effect of adrenaline with the smaller dose of timolol, but with the larger dose of timolol the effect of adrenaline was antagonistic. These results may be due to an incomplete beta-blockade with the smaller dose of timolol, but a complete blockade with the larger dose.

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug↗
PubMed1981

Interaction of timolol and adrenaline.

In a prospective double-blind randomised trial the interaction of timolol and adrenaline was studied in 20 patients with open-angle glaucoma and exfoliative glaucoma. After pretreatment for at least 2 weeks with timolol eyedrops adrenaline was added in a double-blind manner, and the intraocular pressure was recorded during 4 days. The study showed a significantly additive hypotensive effect of adrenaline, which was more pronounced in patients with exfoliative glaucoma.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1980

Regulation of intraocular pressure and pupil size by beta-blockers and epinephrine.

The interaction of adrenergic beta-receptor blockers and epinephrine on intraocular pressure and pupil size was investigated in healthy volunteers. Oral (atenolol and propranolol) and local (timolol) beta-blockers were studied. The experiment was carried out under double-blind randomized crossover conditions. The results showed that the combination of oral beta-blockers with topical epinephrine had an additive hypotensive effect on IOP, while timolol and epinephrine eyedrops both reduced the IOP used alone, but combined had an antagonistic effect, resulting in the disappearance of the epinephrine-mediated IOP reduction.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1979

Hypotensive synergism of propranolol and adrenalin.

The effect of combined treatment with an oral beta-blocking agent (propranolol tablets 40 mg twice a day) and a local alpha- and beta-agonist (epinephrine eyedrops twice a day) was studied in 10 healthy volunteers. Propranolol was given in a double-blind randomized manner, while adrenalin was given unmasked. Propranolol and adrenalin proved to have an additive reducing effect on the intraocular pressure. The effect of propranolol alone was stronger than that of adrenalin.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Long-term treatment of glaucoma with systemic propranolol.

In 17 patients with glaucoma and in two with ocular hypertension, all of whom had not responded satisfactorily to any conventional therapy, treatment was extended to include propranolol systemically. In periods up to 3.5 years, this therapy has kept the intraocular pressure at levels below 23 mm Hg in seven patients. Propranolol was withdrawn in five patients whose visual field continually deteriorated. No correlation between worsening of visual field defects and decrease in systemic blood pressure was noted. In the other patients propranolol was withdrawn because of increasing intraocular pressure or side effects.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for treatment of keratoconus.

BACKGROUND: Five eyes with keratoconus that were scheduled for penetrating keratoplasty were treated instead with excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy to reduce the steepness of the cone. The follow up after 6 to 12 months is reported here. METHODS: A 193-nanometer excimer laser system VISX 20/20 was used for correction of myopia or astigmatism. The patients had a complete ophthalmological examination including slit-lamp microscopy and videokeratography. The patients were followed with six examinations during a period of at least 6 months. RESULTS: In four eyes, a reduction of the astigmatism was achieved with an increase of visual acuity. There were no problems with wound healing or any signs that the excimer adversely affected the cornea or activated the keratoconus disease process. CONCLUSION: The treatment of keratoconus with excimer laser has been regarded as seriously contraindicated on a speculative basis. This risk seems to be exaggerated.

Astigmatism↗