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Biomedical subjects

A Olinsky

Publications and source records attributed to A Olinsky.

70 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Effect of premature delivery on the maturation of the Hering-Breuer inspiratory inhibitory reflex in human infants.

The Hering-Breuer inspiratory inhibitory reflex was studied serially in a group of premature infants and in a group of term infants in the immediate postnatal period. The premature infants had a stronger inspiratory inhibitory reflex than did the term infants at birth; this reflex decreased with maturation of the premature. Development in the extrauterine environment significantly delayed the rate of disappearance of this reflex. This may indicate that premature delivery retards the neurologic maturation of the human infant. The term infant showed no change in the activity of the inspiratory inhibitory reflex in the first five days of life.

Female↗
PubMed1975

Thrombus formation after umbilical arterial catheterisation. An angiographic study.

Forty-seven newborn infants who had umbilical arterial catheterisation were studied prospectively to determine the incidence of arterial thrombus formation. Pull-out angiography was performed on 30 patients at the time of removal of the catheter. Arterial thrombus formation was demonstrated in 9 of the 30, i.e. 30%. No clinical signs referable to thrombus formation were present. There was no statistically significant difference in birthweight or duration of catheterisation between infants who showed thrombus formation and those who did not. At sutopsy, arterial thrombus was found in 5 infants out of 8. The major aortic tributaries were localised by angiography, and the need for the correct placement of the catheter is emphasised.

Angiography↗
PubMed1975

Nasotracheal intubation in acute laryngotracheobronchitis.

The case histories of 150 children admitted to hospital with acute laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) are reviewed. Relief of severe upper airway obstruction was achieved by nasotracheal intubation in 27 children (18%). There was no mortality in this series. Nasotracheal intubation is therefore a safe and effective means of treating severe LTB. In addition, the importance of meticulous nursing care is stressed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of piperacillin therapy in pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis: a controlled study.

Piperacillin was evaluated as an antipseudomonas antibiotic in a double-blind controlled trial involving 18 pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis. Standard antibiotic treatment (flucloxacillin plus tobramycin) was compared with standard treatment plus intravenous piperacillin administered according to two regimens. No added benefit from piperacillin was demonstrable on the basis of improvement in symptoms, physical signs, weight gain, pulmonary function tests, radiologic signs, or sputum Pseudomonas bacterial counts. Some patients experienced sensitivity reactions to piperacillin. In vitro, piperacillin was a potent antibiotic against all beta-lactamase-producing mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa; however, in spite of the fact that adequate serum antibiotic concentrations were achieved, sputum bacterial counts did not correlate with either the clinical status or the use of piperacillin therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of children hospitalized for laryngotracheobronchitis.

During a 12-month period, 527 consecutive admissions for laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) were reviewed to determine the epidemiology of hospitalized LTB patients and to better define patients who may benefit from therapy other than close observation. Viral cultures were obtained in 442 patients and were positive in 70%. Disease severity at the time of admission was unrelated to patient age or sex. Duration of hospitalization, however, was inversely related to age (p less than 0.001). Laboratory investigations were rarely abnormal or of therapeutic value. Patients who on admission had stridor without sternal and chest wall retractions recovered rapidly and spontaneously; they were frequently discharged within 48 hours and never required artificial airways. Children who had sternal and chest wall retractions on admission experienced longer hospitalizations, frequently received medical intervention such as aqueous mist therapy or racemic epinephrine, and had a 6% risk of requiring artificial airway support. This group of children should be studied selectively for the benefits of specific medical therapies and diagnostic evaluations.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does nifedipine affect the diurnal variation of asthma in children?

Diurnal variations in airway caliber and in bronchial reactivity have been described. The mechanisms underlying these variations are not known. The hypothesis that these variations can be diminished by calcium channel blockers was tested by giving 22 asthmatic children 10 mg of nifedipine or identical placebo three times a day for 4 weeks in a double-blind, randomized, crossover-designed study. Treatment with nifedipine did not diminish the diurnal variations in airway caliber, judged from peak expiratory flow rates, or in bronchial reactivity, judged from bronchodilator responsiveness. Group mean amplitude of the diurnal variation in airway caliber was 10.5% on nifedipine and 10.6% on placebo. Group mean amplitude of the diurnal variation in bronchodilator responsiveness was 75.4% on nifedipine and 69.5% on placebo. There were no differences in mean peak expiratory flow rate between nifedipine and placebo periods. This study did not find any evidence to support the hypothesis that the diurnal variations in airway caliber and in bronchial reactivity can be diminished by calcium channel blockers.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Longitudinal study of lung mechanics in normal infants.

Lung mechanics and partial forced expiratory flows were measured serially in seven normal infants during the first year of life. Lung mechanics were measured by the end inspiratory occlusion technique and partial forced expiratory flows by the rapid chest compression method. Thoracic gas volume, compliance, and partial forced expiratory flows measured at functional residual capacity progressively increased with age and correlated with height cubed. Respiratory system resistance progressively fell whereas volume-corrected flows remained fairly constant over the study period. These findings provide longitudinal lung function data and support the concept of isotropic lung growth.

Forced Expiratory Flow Rates↗