PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

A Omery

Publications and source records attributed to A Omery.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Moving beyond: a generative philosophy of science.

Philosophies of science are perhaps the most covert yet significant forces influencing the direction of change within disciplines. Although the era of logical positivism has waned for many disciplines, newer philosophies may not be satisfactory, especially for the applied disciplines. This article describes an alternative philosophy of science with special significance for nursing. This philosophy was influenced by several of the major existing philosophies, but especially by the paradigmatic view espoused by Thomas Kuhn. The generative philosophy of science was named because of its focus on generating growth among the applied disciplines. Members of these disciplines study questions with social significance and human application. This article defines major concepts, describes relationships among concepts and discusses implications for the development of nursing science and the nursing discipline.

Philosophy↗
PubMed1991

Culpability and pain management/control in peripheral vascular disease using the ethics of principles and care.

The purposes of this article were to provide insight into the process of ethics and ethical inquiry and to explore the ethical issues of culpability and pain management/control. Critical care nurses who currently care for vascular patients identified these issues as occurring frequently in their practice. Authors in critical care nursing generally have limited the process of ethical inquiry to a theoretical framework built around an ethic of principles. The message many critical care nurses heard was that this one type of theoretical ethical framework was the totality of ethics. The application of these principles was ethical inquiry. For some nurses, the ethic of principles is sufficient. For others, an ethic of principles is either incomplete or foreign. This second group of nurses may believe that they have no moral voice if the language of ethics is only the language of principles. The language of principles, however, is not the only theoretical framework available. There is also the ethic of care, and ethical inquiry can include the application of that framework. Indeed, the language of the ethic of care may give a voice to nurses who previously felt morally mute. In fact, these two theoretical frameworks are not the only frameworks available to nurses. There is also virtue ethics, a framework not discussed in this article. A multiplicity of ethical frameworks is available for nurses to use in analyzing their professional and personal dilemmas. Recognizing that multiplicity, nurses can analyze their ethical dilemmas more comprehensively and effectively. Applying differing ethical frameworks can result in the same conclusions. This was the case for the issue of culpability.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

A healthy death.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Attitude to Death↗
PubMed1990

The dying patient in the critical care setting: making the critical difference.

Death is an inevitable fact in the critical care setting. This fact does not make it more comfortable for the nurse who is caring for a critically ill patient who is dying. Some health care providers have recommended that the critical care resources are better utilized for the patient whose prognosis is not death. This position can be countered with the perspective that there may be no better place to provide the intensive nursing care that the dying patient may need than the critical care setting. A new nursing diagnosis, Terminal Syndrome related to the dying process is introduced to assist the nurse in providing comprehensive care for what is often a complex patient care situation. The goal is to achieve for each dying individual in the critical care setting what she or he truly desires, an end to the life process, a death achieved with comfort and dignity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Values, moral reasoning, and ethics.

The purpose of this exchange was to explore the domains of values, moral reasoning, and ethics. Values and moral reasoning reflect the "is." Moral reasoning is the mental process that nurses set in motion to come to some decision of right or wrong in any moral dilemma. Values are motivational preferences or dispositions. Moral values are those preferences that are integral to any moral reasoning process. Ethics reflect the oughts. It is the art-science that critically evaluates the "is." As such, ethics identifies the norms or standards of behaviors that either are or can become the values that are implemented through moral reasoning. Nursing is just beginning to identify its moral values and reasoning. Nevertheless, nursing seems to be further along in the identification of the "is" than it is with the "ought." The further development of nursing ethics will be of great benefit to nurse researchers and educators. The greatest benefit will be, however, to the practicing nurse as she/he struggles with giving excellent nursing care consistent with a positive nursing ethic.

Beneficence↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of electrode site preparation techniques.

A posttest-only control group design was used to study the effects of two electrode site preparation techniques on reducing electrical potential across a pair of disposable skin electrodes. Sixty health volunteers were randomly divided into one control and two treatment groups of 20 subjects each. Within each group, the treatment was further assigned randomly to either the right or left forearm. Analysis of variance and paired t test analyses were used to compare group differences. Skin preparation by using One Step Skin Prep significantly decreased skin potentials (-1.90 mV) whereas the group in which ECG Prep Pads were used and the control group had no significant change.

Electric Conductivity↗
PubMed1989

Brain resuscitation. Ethical perspectives.

Brain resuscitation is the newest in a long line of treatment protocols that is designed to aid us in sustaining not just life, but quality life in the critical care setting. Like other, previously established protocols, it is not value free. Its implementation brings ethical considerations that must be addressed. If the issues are not addressed, there is the real danger that the resulting moral dilemmas will overwhelm the nurse. In brain resuscitation, there are at least three ethical issues that must be recognized. These are the role of resuscitation in the life process, allocation of scarce resources, and participation in research. To address these issues, nurses will have to be aware of the ethical principle and/or perspectives involved. For some of these issues, the solutions will have to come from nursing's national organizations, such as the American Association of Critical Care Nurses. Other solutions presented will require the nurse to come to an individual decision regarding the ethics of brain resuscitation. The journey to the conclusion of this discussion will end with disappointment for those who sought an algorhythm or decision tree with which to make definitive decisions in regard to ethical decisions about brain resuscitation. To have assumed that such an absolute discussion in regard to the ethical perspectives related to brain resuscitation is possible or even desirable would have been to deny the moral/ethical responsibilities of the nurse who practices in a critical care setting. While these ethical responsibilities can be overwhelmingly burdensome, they can also be opportunities. They can be positive opportunities for our health care colleagues, our patients, and ourselves.

Beneficence↗
PubMed1989

Effects of conversation on intracranial pressure in comatose patients.

In this time series design study we investigated the effects of conversation on intracranial pressure (ICP). Two conversation types were used, and continuous measurements of ICP were recorded. Type 1 conversation was an emotionally referenced conversation that reflected an actual nursing report on the patient's current condition. Type 2 conversation was a predetermined dialogue unrelated to the patient. Two hypotheses were tested to determine the existence of differences between the ICP measurements at baseline and the ICP measurements during any conversation, and differences between the ICP measurements recorded during type 1 conversation and during type 2 conversation. Eight subjects served as their own control. T tests were performed between the mean scores of the minimum, maximum, and average ICP measurements before, during, and after both conversations. The hypotheses were not supported by the findings. There was, however, a statistically significant decrease in ICP when minimum ICP measurements before type 2 conversations were compared with measurements recorded during type 2 conversation. The data also demonstrated a wide variation of individual patient responses. The results of the current study suggest that the direction of influence from conversation on the ICP is individual and may be influenced greatly by the patient's level of consciousness.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

A nursing perspective of the ethical issues surrounding liver transplantation.

Nurses who care for patients undergoing liver transplantation increasingly face a variety of ethical issues. These issues include but are not limited to consent, selection of recipients, and allocation of scarce resources. Nurses have ethical concerns related to these issues that are specific to nursing. These nursing concerns differ in perspective, context, and content from the concerns of fellow health professionals or the lay public. For the nurse, the concern regarding consent may be not whether the consent was informed, but rather whether the consent was freely given. The scarce resource about which the nurse is most concerned is not so much the organ as it is professional nursing care. For the nurse to address these ethical concerns, strategies will have to be implemented at the unit, institutional, and professional level.

Beneficence↗
PubMed1988

Ethnography.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Decreased cardiac output in the critical care setting.

The specific aim of this exploratory, descriptive study was to demonstrate that the nursing diagnosis, decreased cardiac output, contains at least seven separate and specific components. Forty critical care nurses completed a questionnaire about seven different case studies, or vignettes. Each vignette reflected one of the following: myocardial injury, arrhythmias, decreased preload, myocardial ischemia, increased afterload, drug effects, and cardiac surgery alterations. Mean scores were used to validate the specific subcategories. Analyses of variance were used to demonstrate statistically significant differences among them. Six of the labels were supported, providing preliminary evidence for the validity of these components of decreased cardiac output.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing research productivity in clinical settings.

Nurse administrators in the Los Angeles area complain that budgetary and staffing constraints hamper nursing research. They indicate that a research consortium would be an attractive solution as it would enable institutions to pool resources and effectively document nursing's contribution to patient care.

Clinical Nursing Research↗