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Biomedical subjects

A Onodera

Publications and source records attributed to A Onodera.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Stereo acuity in patients with unilateral macular hole and after unilateral macular hole surgery.

PURPOSE: To investigate stereo acuity levels in patients with unilateral idiopathic macular hole and after surgical intervention. METHODS: In 31 consecutive patients with a unilateral macular hole and 46 consecutive patients who underwent successful unilateral macular hole surgery, complete ocular examinations, including orthoptic examinations and microperimetry using the scanning laser ophthalmoscope, were performed. RESULTS: A significantly positive correlation was found between VA and stereo acuity (r = 0.87, P < 0.01). After successful surgery, stereo acuity also correlated with the presence or absence of absolute and/or relative scotoma, and was best in eyes without scotomata. Patients with unilateral idiopathic macular hole, suppression, and symptom duration of 24 months or longer had no stereoscopic vision. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that in patients with unilateral idiopathic macular hole and after surgery, stereo acuity correlated with VA. Patients with unilateral macular hole should be operated upon as early as possible, resulting in better VA and better stereo acuity.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Antioxidant activity and inhibitory effect of Gamazumi (Viburnum dilatatum THUNB.) on oxidative damage induced by water immersion restraint stress in rats.

The antioxidant activity and antiulcer effects of Gamazumi (Viburnum dilatatum THUNB.) fruit squeezing solution (GSS) were investigated. GSS including no antioxidant additive showed strong antioxidant activity by the XYZ-dish method and the electron spin resonance (ESR) method. GSS showed to have no negative effect on growth of rats for 2 weeks of feeding with free access to GSS. After feeding, the GSS group showed a significant inhibitory effect on gastric ulcer formation by water immersion restraint stress for 6 hours compared with the Water group. Plasma, liver and stomach concentrations of lipid peroxide in the GSS group were reduced rather than the water group. Furthermore, the activities of plasma lactic dehydrogenase, amylase and creatine phosphokinase are ordinarily increased by stress; however these activities in the GSS group decreased to the level in the Control group having no stress. The physiological effects of GSS were similar to, or higher than, those of 0.1% (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg) solution. These effects of EGCg and GSS were similar to the order of antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radical found by both the XYZ-dish and the ESR methods. It was concluded that after ingestion of GSS, during the period of strong antioxidant activity in the body, it could prevent stress-induced oxidative damage.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1998

[Effects of a short-term pulmonary rehabilitation program on patients with chronic respiratory failure due to pulmonary emphysema].

To evaluate the effects of a short-term pulmonary rehabilitation program on dyspnea, exercise capacity, and lung function, 15 patients with chronic respiratory failure due to pulmonary emphysema were enrolled in such a program for 3 weeks as inpatients. The program consisted of pursed lip breathing, diaphragmatic breathing, respiratory muscle stretch gymnastics, and walking with synchronized breathing. Dyspnea as measured with a visual analogue scale at the end of a 6-minute walk before and after the program (49.7 +/- 4.0% to 24.2 +/- 3.8%) decreased significantly (p < 0.01). As a measure of functional exercise capacity, the 6-minute walking distance (226.9 +/- 32.4 m to 292.1 +/- 35.8 m) increased significantly (p < 0.01). As an indicator of maximal exercise capacity, endurance time on an incremental treadmill test did not improve. Spirometric data did not change during the study. Total lung capacity (TLC) (8.44 +/- 0.70 L to 7.58 +/- 0.74 L) and residual volume (RV) (5.13 +/- 0.53 L to 4.28 +/- 0.59 L) decreased significantly (p < 0.01). The findings suggest that this program relieves dyspnea, increases functional exercise capacity, and decreases TLC and RV on patients with chronic respiratory failure due to pulmonary emphysema.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Effectiveness of the anticholinergic agent oxitropium bromide in elderly patients with bronchial asthma.

The short-term and long-term effects of the anticholinergic agent oxitropium bromide (CAS 30286-75-0, OTB) were studied in nine elderly patients with bronchial asthma (8 men and 1 women, age: 69.5 +/- 5.2 years, 3 atopic and 6 (not atopic cases). 2 h after inhalation of 0.8 mg of OTB, forced vital capacity (FVC) had increased from 2.28 +/- 0.22 1 to 2.87 +/- 0.27 1 (p < 0.01), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) had increased from 1.22 +/- 0.14 to 1.57 +/- 0.16 1 (p < 0.01), and respiratory resistance (Rrs) had decreased from 5.9 +/- 0.8 cmH2O/l/s to 4.9 +/- 0.7 cmH2O/l/s (p < 0.05). The patients inhaled OTB (0.2 mg t.i.d.) for 6 weeks. Their peak expiratory flow rates, measured each morning and each evening, increased significantly during the first 2 weeks of administration, and the increase was sustained for the entire weeks (p < 0.05). Other pulmonary-function tests were done before drug administration and again at the end of the 6 weeks. By the end of the 6th week of OTB administration, FVC had increased from 2.30 +/- 0.22 1 to 2.99 +/- 0.26 1 (p < 0.01), and FEV1 had increased from 1.25 +/- 0.17 to 1.70 +/- 0.22 1 (p < 0.05). These data indicate that OTB can be useful in the treatment of elderly patients with bronchial asthma.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1996

Expression of E- and P-selectins by vascular endothelial cells in human tonsils.

Selectins play an important role in the adhesion between vascular endothelial cells and leukocytes in immuno-inflammatory events. We investigated the immunohistochemical localization of E- and P-selectins in the human palatine tonsils at light and electron microscopic levels. E-selectin was expressed by high endothelial venules (HEV) in a linear pattern in heavily inflamed tonsils with focal infection and extensive neutrophilic infiltration, and much less in hypertrophic tonsils without focal infection. P-selectin expression was found on HEV to the same extent in both disease states in a dot pattern in the cytoplasm. Immunoelectron microscopically, E- and P-selectins were localized along the luminal plasma membrane and in the perinuclear space in HEV endothelial cells. The present study suggests that increased expression of E- and P-selectin in vascular endothelial cells is a significant feature of inflamed tonsils induced by focal infection. E- and P-selectins may participate in different roles in the inflammatory process of the tonsils.

Cell Adhesion Molecules↗
PubMed1995

[Tosufloxacin].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1994

Detection of PrPSc in sheep at the preclinical stage of scrapie and its significance for diagnosis of insidious infection.

A field sheep insidiously infected with natural scrapie was diagnosed at the preclinical stage through detection of the core fragment of PrpSc (PrPcore) in peripheral lymph nodes by the biopsy method. Three out of 32 euthanized healthy sheep were found positive for PrPcore in the spleen and lymph nodes. Mice that were inoculated with spleen homogenate of one of these sheep showed clinical signs of scrapie and were positive for PrPcore in their brain samples. These results suggest that the detection of PrPcore is significant for diagnosis in the preclinical phase of scrapie.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Survey of natural scrapie in Japan: analysis of RFLP types of the PrP gene and detection of PrPSc mainly in Suffolk sheep.

We examined the brains, spleens and/or lymph nodes of 197 mainly suffolk sheep collected from Hokkaido, and the Tohoku, Kanto and Chubu districts to detect PrPSc and thus to estimate scrapie contamination in Japan. Sixteen sheep in Hokkaido and 2 sheep in other districts that were introduced from Hokkaido were positive for PrPSc. By comparison of the frequencies of the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) types of these 18 scrapie sheep with 128 healthy sheep, we confirmed the association of specific RFLP types of the PrP gene with natural scrapie. The frequency of RFLP type I in scrapie sheep was significantly higher than that in healthy sheep and those of other types in scrapie sheep. In contrast, the frequencies of type II and VI in healthy sheep were higher than those in scrapie sheep. Therefore, type I sheep seemed to be susceptible but type II and VI sheep seemed to be resistant to natural scrapie in Suffolk sheep in Japan. Furthermore, we investigated the distribution of the RFLP types of the PrP gene in 161 sheep in Japan to learn about the genetic background of the susceptibility to scrapie. There were variations in the distribution of the RFLP types in each district.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Post-synaptic potentiation of vagal contractile responses by neurokinin A.

We have studied the effect of neurokinin A (NKA) on tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) contraction caused by administration of acetylcholine (ACh) intra-arterially (ia) into the tracheal circulation, or bilateral stimulation of the vagus nerves, in 26 mongrel dogs. The tracheal contractile response to 10(-7) mol NKA was 3.12 +/- 0.48 g/cm, 6.3 +/- 0.7%AChmax. Plasma histamine concentration was measured in the right atrium at the peak response following administration of NKA. Plasma histamine concentration was 3.33 +/- 2.05 ng/ml after 10(-7) mol NKA (vs. 1.82 +/- 0.54 ng/ml for control, P > 0.10). A frequency-response curve was generated by electrical stimulation of the caudal ends of cut cervical vagi over the range of frequencies 1-20 Hz (constant 30 V) at 15 s intervals 10 min before and 10 min after administration of 10(-8) mol NKA. Substantial augmentation of tracheal contractile responses to 10(-10)-10(-7) mol ia ACh was obtained 10 min after administration of NKA (P < 0.05). Significant potentiation of tracheal contraction to vagal stimulation for 10-20 Hz was also observed after administration of 10(-8) mol NKA (P < 0.05). We have demonstrated a substantial contractile effect of NKA on canine tracheal smooth muscle that is not related to histamine release from respiratory mast cells. We have also demonstrated that NKA causes augmentation of the parasympathetic tracheal contractile response induced by ia administration of ACh and efferent vagus nerve stimulation. These data suggest that potentiation of vagal contractile response by NKA is related to post-synaptic activation of the parasympathetic nerves.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1993

Bio-microscopical observation of dystrophic calcification induced by calcium hydroxide.

Calcium hydroxide paste was introduced into a rabbit ear chamber, and the effect of calcium hydroxide on the vascular tissue was observed under a bio-microscope continuously up to 14 weeks. Many precipitates were observed at the border of living tissue, after the dissolution of microvessels around the paste. They increased both in size and number to combine like a river bank in the first 48 h. After 1 week, microcirculation recovered, and newly-formed capillaries approached the precipitate-bank, the edge of which became smoother as weeks went by. The bank was stable and compatible to microvessels during the observation period. By SEM observation, the width of the bank was from 200 to 400 microns, and the tissue-side of the bank appeared like amorphous lamellae, while the inner-side showed particle-like appearance. EDX examination revealed high peaks of Ca and P similar to calcium phosphate at the tissue-side of the bank, but only Ca peak at the inner-side. The precipitates seemed to have the potential to induce dystrophic calcification by absorbing Ca and P from the tissue.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Familial scrapie cases with shortened incubation periods.

Two familial scrapie cases successively occurred in 29-month-old and 30-month-old Corriedale dams and in three of their offspring as early as 10-19 months of age in a small flock. They showed ataxy but no pruritus. Histopathological and immunochemical examinations of those sheep revealed vacuolation of nerve cells in brain tissue and presence of PrPsc, a component of scrapie-associated fibrils, in brain, spleen and lymph node tissues. We discuss about shortened incubation periods and lacking pruritus in the present scrapie cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Comparative study of adolescent views on their parents and their self-reliance in Japan and the United States].

Differences between Japanese adolescent's (127 males and 227 females) and American adolescent's views on their relationships with their parents were studied. Japanese male students showed the lowest scores on both the father-child and mother child emotional tie scales, but indicated the highest scores on both the paternal and maternal control scales. It was found that the Japanese students who showed strong emotional ties to their mothers also showed high scores in the scale of attachment to their fathers. American students tended to have stronger emotional ties to their fathers than did Japanese students. In both countries, female students tended to have stronger mother-child emotional ties than male students. In addition, Japanese female students tended to show low scores on the self-reliant scale.

Adolescent↗