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Biomedical subjects

A Osoba

Publications and source records attributed to A Osoba.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Treatment outcome of tuberculosis among Saudi nationals: role of drug resistance and compliance.

OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have demonstrated a high prevalence of multiresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Saudi Arabia. In this study, we assessed the impact of this and other factors on the treatment outcome of tuberculosis among Saudi nationals. METHODS: We studied all patients (147 patients) with a culture-proven diagnosis of tuberculosis seen at the King Khalid National Guard Hospital (KKNGH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from June 1993 to June 1999. Treatment outcome was classified as success or failure based on the clinical assessment, improvement or deterioration of chest X-rays, and results of follow-up sputum examination. RESULTS: Of the 147 patients, only 126 completed the follow-up program. Treatment was found to be successful in 102 (81.0%) and unsuccessful in 24 (19.0%) of these 126 patients. However, treatment success is much less (102/147; 69.4%) and failure is much higher (45/147; 30.6%) if the 21 patients who were lost to follow-up are regarded as treatment failures. The prevalence of poor compliance and multiply drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis were found to be significantly higher among those with treatment failure than among those in whom treatment was successful. There was no significant difference in treatment outcome between the different age groups. However, failure of treatment was observed to be more common (P < 0.001) among males (35 patients; 46.7%) than among females (10 patients; 13.9%). This could be explained mainly by the significantly higher prevalence of non-compliance among males (44%) than among females (15.3%). There were no significant differences in the symptoms, radiologic findings, clinical presentation (pulmonary versus extrapulmonary), social background or drug resistance between genders. CONCLUSION: Successful treatment outcome among Saudi Nationals seen at the KKNGH in 1993-99 was below the rate recommended by the WHO, and failed treatment was associated with poor compliance, male gender and drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These results emphasize the importance of culture and sensitivity tests for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and close supervision of patients taking antituberculosis medications.

Antibiotics, Antitubercular↗
PubMed2001

Antibiotic resistance in developing countries.

During the past decade there have been major changes in the susceptibility of bacteria that cause various infections. Resistance to anti-infective agents, including antibiotics, is worldwide, both in developed and developing countries. Almost all bacterial species can develop resistance to anti-infective agents and resistance can readily be transferred among bacteria by transmissible elements (plasmids). Measures to prevent the emergence of resistance must be implemented urgently. A multiplicity of factors drive antibiotic resistance and solutions require the collaboration of governmental agencies, pharmaceutical companies, healthcare providers and consumers. Knowledge of resistance patterns and of the ways by which resistance is overcome is vital to the future of antimicrobial chemotherapy.

Developing Countries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiology of hepatitis E virus in male blood donors in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

To our knowledge, only a few epidemiological reports on the prevalence of hepatitis E antibodies in Saudi blood donors have been published. Men of several nationalities, donating blood at King Khalid National Guard Hospital (Jeddah, Saudi Arabia) were selected (n = 593) for this study examining the seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in the local male donor population and testing the relationship of the antibody to HEV (anti-HEV) to donor characteristics using Odds Ratio (OR) and Chi-square statistic. The prevalence of anti-HEV in the group examined was 16.9 per cent (100/593). The seroprevalence for Saudi donors was 14.8 per cent compared with 33.3 per cent for non-Saudis of Middle Eastern origin. Donors who were 40 yr and over had significantly higher seroprevalence than those donors who were 30 yr or younger (OR = 2.5, p = 0.006). There was a significant association between anti-HEV and anti-HCV with donors who were positive to anti-HCV having about 5 times the risk of HEV than those who were anti-HCV negative (p = 0.02). These findings demonstrate the high seroprevalence rate of anti-HEV among male blood donors in Saudi Arabia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro activity of quinolones against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis in Saudi Arabia.

Susceptibility of 88 clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, 116 Haemophilus influenzae isolates and 80 Moraxella catarrhalis isolates to 6 fluoroquinolones--ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, trovafloxacin, grepafloxacin and gemifloxacin--were determined. Isolates were from patients with invasive disease at 4 hospitals in Saudi Arabia between 1996 and 1998. S. pneumoniae isolates were fully susceptible to trovafloxacin, grepafloxacin and gemifloxacin; susceptibility to ofloxacin and levofloxacin was 97.7% and 98.9% respectively. H. influenzae isolates were susceptible to all agents, except for trovafloxacin (99.1%). M. catarrhalis strains were fully sensitive to all agents except ofloxacin (97.5%). No isolates were resistant to gemifloxacin or grepafloxacin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗