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Biomedical subjects

A P Avtsyn

Publications and source records attributed to A P Avtsyn.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

[An insufficiency of essential trace elements and its manifestations in pathology].

There exist 11 essential elements (iron, copper, iodine, zinc, chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, manganese, nickel, selenium and fluorine) vitally important for human health. The deficiency of these trace elements results in many pathological processes, including such world-wide human diseases, as iron-deficient anemias and other forms of hyposiderosis, endemic hypothyroid goiter, endemic fluorine deficiency states, particularly manifested by dental caries in children and osteoporosis of the advanced age. Selenium deficiency causes endemic cardiopathy in China, is a risk factor for the development and severe course of congestive cardiopathies, as well as myocardial infarction in a number of European countries. Correction of selenium deficiency with sodium selenite reduced to the minimum the mortality rate from endemic cardiopathy in China (Keshan disease) and had a favourable effect on other forms of cardiovascular pathology. Essential trace element deficiency results in many forms of embryonal and fetal pathology and decreases the antitumour resistance in man. New essential trace elements are still being identified and their number reached 19 at present. Development of pathological anatomy of essential trace element deficiency is an important task of modern medicine.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The basic features of the pathogenesis of pseudotuberculosis (yersiniosis)].

A new pathogenetic pattern of pseudotuberculosis has been derived on the basis of original clinical, anatomical and experimental findings as well as literature data. Careful consideration is given to: a basic mode of infection (alimentary), emergence of the primary affection with a rapid blood invasion by the agent (primary bacteremia), development of specific sensitization, multiorgan secondary focal impairment with lymphogenic dissemination of the infective agent (specific pseudotuberculous polyadenitis), formation of secondary immunodeficiency, consequent repeat bacteremias, recurrences, symptoms of infectious process aggravations, immunological rearrangement with dominating delayed hypersensitivity. As a rule, the disease terminated by elimination of the secondary foci and recovery.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

[The pathological anatomy of HIV infection based on the data from serologically verified cases].

Pathology of 4 cases of serologically verified HIV infection is described. In 3 cases the disease developed against the background of previous pathologic processes that in one way or another influenced the pathologic picture. Only general characteristics of the HIV pathology are given in this report obtained by routine methods. Detailed investigation of changes in different organs and systems will be continued. Morphological signs of the immunodeficiency manifesting mainly in more or less atrophy of lymphoid tissue were found in all cases examined. Though features specific for HIV infection are not established in the literature, the complex of the above changes allows one to suspect HIV infection and in case of serologic confirmation to formulate a pathologic diagnosis. The 4th case can be regarded as an earlier stage of HIV infection as well as an example of a therapeutically produced pathomorphosis.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed1989

[A new cell line of rat gasserian ganglion neurinoma NGUK-1].

A new cell line has been derived from the rat gasserian ganglion neurinoma NGUK-1 induced by transplacental administration of ethylnitrosourea. It is characterized by an astrocyte-like growth pattern at the low cell density, and by an epitheliocyte-like pattern in the confluent monolayer. The cell line displays a high proliferative activity, its maximum mitotic index and proliferative pool being--2.5 and 96%, respectively. The chromosome number ranges between 20 to 100. The chromosome modal number is 39--44. The new cell line has been used for the express diagnostic of rabies, for determination of serum glial toxicity in neurologic patients, and interferon titration.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Cellular homeostasis and trace elements].

The authors consider the relevance of essential and toxic elements to the maintenance and derangement of cellular homeostasis, review different routes of their introduction in and release from varying cell types as well as relationships with specific ligands, distribution by intracellular pools. Presented are also morphological data on trace elements accumulation in cell, organs and compartments. A number of trace elements contributed to mutagenesis and carcinogenesis while the others demonstrate anticarcinogenic and antiblastic action.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Visceral candidiasis in conjunction with "marked eosinophilia" in acute opisthorchiasis].

A male of 31 has developed a marked eosinophilia associated with acute opisthorchiasis. The following heavy antibiotic treatment led to candidiasis of the liver, pancreas and lymph nodes. The study covered pathomorphology of the liver granulomatous inflammation which ran with formation of the specific crystalloid structures attributed to extensive eosinophilic decomposition. The reaction to immunoglobulins is proposed as an elective marked of pathogenic fungi in tissues.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1987

[Septicemia against a background of immunodeficiency].

Macroscopic diagnosis of septicemia at autopsy is extremely difficult to make in cases where relevant diagnostic cues, notably changes in the spleen characteristic for sepsis are lacking. Histologic, bacterioscopic, immunomorphologic, fluorescence electron-microscopic studies of autopsy material are described which, in combination, enabled the authors to establish pathologic diagnosis of septicemia, identify its etiology, and characterize the immune status.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[The most important human aluminoses].

Aluminoses are widespread forms of trace element deficiency of various severity. The organism is protected against a possible pathogenic influence of aluminum by a number of physiological mechanisms the most important among which is a regular urine excretion. A complex of pathological symptoms develops if serious homeostasis disturbances take place e. g. when renal deficiency or direct penetration of the trace element occur. The following forms of aluminosis should be distinguished: 1) simple accumulation in central nervous system which occurs in persons over 65 years; 2) aluminum accumulation in Alzheimer disease, in severe form of presenile and senile dementia; 3) dialysis aluminum encephalopathy; 4) non-dialysis infantile encephalopathy; 5) aluminum encephalopathy in total parenteral nutrition; 6) iatrogenic dialysis aluminum osteodystrophy; 7) jatrogenic peritoneal aluminosis; 8) aluminum pneumoconiosis of an occupational origin; 9) bronchospastic syndrome in aluminum smelter workers.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1986

[Resistance of the alimentary canal of Daphnia magna Straus to the effect of enteropathogenic NAG-vibrios].

The interrelations between 30 Daphnias and enteropathogenic NAG-vibrios were experimentally investigated. Using histological and immunoserological techniques, NAG-vibrio administration into the medium inhabited by Crustaceous was shown to cause no pathological changes in the animal alimentary canal. Daphnias used these organisms as food. The intestinal epithelium is well protected from mechanical injury by peritrophic membrane, chitinous lining and peritrophic cavity where digestion takes place.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Effect of sodium selenite on tumor cells in culture].

Morphofunctional changes in HeLa cell culture following treatment with various concentrations of selenium ion during 2, 4 and 24 hours are described. Variations in mitotic index, duration of separate mitotic stages and a profile of pathologic mitoses were established. Inhibition of cell entry into the S-phase of mitotic cycle and modifications of RNA and protein synthesis after treatment with 0.1 and 0.25 ppm of the trace element was shown autoradiographically. Increased destruction of cell monolayer following contact with selenium was demonstrated by light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. It is suggested that selenium exerts a toxic effect on tumor cells although this mechanism is not yet clear.

HeLa Cells↗
PubMed1985

[Experimental diarrhea in mice induced by oral infection with an enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli].

It has been shown in experiments on adult random-bred and BALB/c Sto mice that oral infection with human strain of E. coli N-10407 induces enterocolitis characterized by marked diarrheal syndrome but without lethal outcome. The action of the strain not colonizing the intestinal mucosa of mice may be accounted for by a weak cytopathic effect of the infecting microorganism and its toxin. The data obtained indicate that adult mice may serve as a convenient model for investigation of colibacillary diarrhea induced by enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli, BALB/c Sto mice being a more sensitive model than random-bred animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Notes of a wartime pathologist].

The definition of the most important complications of the gunshot wound (wound sepsis, dystrophy of the wounded) is given on the basis of a retrospective analysis of the pathology data collected during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945. The main conditions of the rise of the wound sepsis are characterized in detail, its dependence upon the severity of the gunshot wound is proven, the examples of a regular distribution of lethal wound sepsis cases in wounds of different localization are presented. It is shown the dystrophy syndrome of the wounded results from the combination of a long-lasting wound infection and grave metabolic disturbances. The latter are attributed to the atrophic and degenerative changes of organs and tissues, primarily those of the alimentary canal, skeletal muscles, subcutaneous fat and neuro-regulatory apparatus. The appearance of such a syndrome depends, not to a lesser extent, on the inadequate nutrition. Thus this syndrome is of an infections-alimentary nature.

History, 20th Century↗
PubMed1984

[Morphological and metabolic changes in a HeLa cell culture exposed to fluorine].

Fluoride in subtoxic (1.5 mcg/ml) and toxic (12 mcg/ml) concentrations induced characteristic changes in the mitotic regime of HeLa cell culture. Fluctuations of the mitotic index, variations in the duration of division phases and in the spectrum of pathologic mitosis were noticed. It was shown that fluoride inhibited the genome reduplication. In lower concentrations the halogen produced the most expressed effect on transcription and translation, which corresponds to a so called paradoxial action of this trace element. Definite shifts in the ultrastructure of the cell surface and cell organelles were registered, which confirms a connection between morphological and functional changes in the culture during incubation with fluoride.

Autoradiography↗
PubMed1979

[NAG infection in Rana temporaria with suppressed normal intestinal microflora].

Frogs of the Rana temporaria species with disturbed biocenosis induced by combined effects of hypothermia (+4 degrees C) and tetracycline were used as an experimental model. The animals were inoculated orally with cultured NAD-vibrios and subjected to clinical, bacteriological, immunomorphological and electron microscopical examinations. The lymph-blood system was shown to be a possible pathway for generalization of the infection. Several causes of long-term persistence of the vibrios in Rana temporaria are discussed.

Animals↗