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Biomedical subjects

A P Day

Publications and source records attributed to A P Day.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Reproducibility of individualized coronary heart disease risk calculations in patients with diabetes mellitus.

AIMS: To determine prospectively, the reproducibility of individualized coronary heart disease (CHD) risk estimations in a high-risk (diabetic) population. METHODS: One hundred and three patients attending a hospital diabetes clinic who were in the primary prevention category for CHD had measurements of cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and systolic blood pressure (SBP) performed in one of 13 general practices and then 2 weeks later in the hospital clinic. The data were combined with age, sex, smoking history and diabetic status data to produce a 10-year CHD risk estimate for each occasion using the Framingham algorithm. RESULTS: The coefficients of variation for cholesterol, HDL and SBP were 6.0%, 9.4% and 7.0%, respectively. When classified by treatment thresholds of 15% and 30% 10-year CHD risk, 88% of patients were classified in the same category on both occasions. Kappa values for the 15% and 30% risk thresholds were 0.71 and 0.82. This indicates good interobserver agreement for the estimation of CHD risk. The use of a single BP rather than the mean of two, resulted in seven of 206 estimations of CHD risk performed in 103 patients crossing a risk threshold, with 6/7 being placed in a higher risk category. CONCLUSIONS: Estimation of CHD risk on a single occasion is sufficient to make robust treatment decisions based on risk thresholds. Use of a single BP measurement rather than the mean of two overestimates the risk category in around 3% of cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effect of concentrated red grape juice consumption on serum antioxidant capacity and low-density lipoprotein oxidation.

This study examines whether the beneficial antioxidant effects of red wine can be reproduced by nonalcoholic red grape juice concentrate. Seven subjects consumed 125 ml concentrate daily for 7 days. Following first ingestion there was a rise in serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) from 441 to 478 mumol/l at 60 min (p < 0.005). On day 8, TAC was 50 mumol/l higher than at baseline (p < 0.05). There was reduced susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) to oxidation. Red grape juice concentrate ingestion results in increased serum antioxidant capacity and protection of LDL from oxidation and thus nonalcoholic red grape extract may have similar beneficial effects to red wine.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Effect of simvastatin therapy on cell membrane cholesterol content and membrane function as assessed by polymorphonuclear cell NADPH oxidase activity.

Cell membrane cholesterol is an important determinant of membrane fluidity. Changes in fluidity have important consequences for membrane function. Treatment of hypercholesterolaemia could therefore affect membrane function by reducing cell membrane cholesterol levels. The aim of this study was to determine whether treatment with simvastatin affects membrane cholesterol and the activity of the polymorphonuclear cell membrane enzyme NADPH oxidase. Blood was obtained from 12 hypercholesterolaemic patients before, and 6 weeks after, treatment with simvastatin, and from 20 normolipidaemic subjects. Cell cholesterol was in the unesterified from indicating that it was membrane-associated. Pre-treatment mean cell cholesterol concentration in the hyperlipidaemics was higher (P < 0.05) than in the normolipidaemics [4.19 fmol/cell, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.38-5.05 versus 3.10 fmol/cell, 95% CI 2.58-3.61]. There was a strong correlation between cell cholesterol content and NADPH oxidase lag phase (R(s) = 0.76, P < 0.01). Cell cholesterol fell to 3.52 fmol/cell (95% CI 2.77-4.28, P < 0.05) following treatment and there was a correlation (R(s) = 0.61, P < 0.05) between the reductions in cell cholesterol and lag phase.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The effect of bezafibrate treatment on serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme activities.

A reduction in serum total alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity is a well-documented side effect of treatment with bezafibrate and other fibric acid derivatives. To evaluate the effect of bezafibrate treatment on individual ALP isoenzyme activities, 10 patients were studied on two separate occasions, first, after a 6-week period on no drug treatment, and second, after 6 weeks of bezafibrate therapy. On each occasion, serum total ALP and ALP isoenzyme activities and serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity were measured both after fasting and following the ingestion of a standardized high-fat meal rich in long-chain fatty acid triglycerides, as intestinal ALP activity is known to be influenced by dietary fat intake. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were measured on fasting samples. In the fasting state, bezafibrate treatment resulted in a 25% reduction (P < .01) in serum total ALP activity; liver ALP activity was reduced by 40% (P < .01), and biliary ALP activity was reduced in those patients in whom it was initially detectable, while bone and intestinal ALP activities were unchanged. There was also a 15% reduction (P < .05) in serum GGT activity, but no change in plasma AST or ALT activities. Serum intestinal ALP activity increased significantly (P < .01) by 1 hour following ingestion of the high-fat meal, but treatment with bezafibrate did not change the magnitude of this response. There was no change in the activity of any other ALP isoenzyme following fat ingestion. This study demonstrates that the effect of bezafibrate on serum ALP activity is confined to the liver and biliary isoenzymes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of two new methods for routine measurement of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes.

AIMS: To evaluate the performance of two new methods for the analysis of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzymes designed for use in the routine chemical pathology laboratory: pre-incubation with neuraminidase before agarose electrophoresis; and selective precipitation of the bone isoenzyme with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA). METHODS: Serum samples from 39 patients were analysed. Seventeen were from patients with liver disease, eight from patients with bone disease, and 14 from patients with normal ALP activity and no evidence of liver or bone disease. The two new methods were compared with the established method, wheat germ agglutinin affinity electrophoresis. RESULTS: There was good correlation between the neuraminidase and WGA electrophoretic methods. The WGA precipitation method showed negative interference in the measurement of bone isoenzyme activity in samples containing biliary alkaline phosphatase. Both the new methods had advantages of speed and simplicity over the existing method, but cost per test was considerably higher. CONCLUSIONS: The neuraminidase electrophoretic method is a satisfactory alternative to the WGA affinity electrophoretic method, although it is more expensive. The WGA precipitation method cannot be recommended for use with serum samples from patients with suspected liver disease.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1992

Triglyceride fatty acid chain length influences the post prandial rise in serum intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity.

Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IALP) activity rises following the ingestion of a fat-containing meal. Previous studies on intestinal fluid and lymph have shown that the magnitude of this response is dependent upon fatty acid chain length. To examine this relation in the serum of healthy humans, 10 subjects consumed two standardized fat meals. One meal contained predominantly long chain fatty acid triglycerides, the other contained predominantly medium chain fatty acid triglycerides. Serum IALP activity was measured in serial blood samples using a sensitive immunological assay. IALP activity was ABO blood group and secretor status dependent. The post-prandial rise in serum IALP activity was significantly greater following the long chain fatty acid meal than following the medium chain fatty acid meal. Previous observations of the fatty acid chain length dependency of the IALP response to fat ingestion, therefore, also apply in the serum of healthy humans under normal physiological conditions. Standardized fat meals provide the basis of a useful method for the investigation of the role of IALP in fat absorption.

ABO Blood-Group System↗